UNIT: 01 INTRODUCTION TO BASICS OF FRENCH LANGUAGE

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

Uttarakhand Open University 1

UNIT: 01

INTRODUCTION TO BASICS OF

FRENCH LANGUAGE

Structure:

1.1 Objectives

1.2 The Alphabet and Their Pronunciation

1.3 Les Accents (The Accents)

1.4 Pronoms Sujets (Subject Pronouns)

1.5 Change of Gender

1.6 Les Verbes (The Verbs)

1.7 Les Nombres (The Numbers): Cardinal  Ordinal

1.8 How to Tell Time in French?

1.9 Formules De Politesse (Basic Greetings)

1.10 Poids Et Mesures (Weights and Measures)

1.11 Glossary

1.12 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings

1.13 Terminal Questions

1.1 Objective

After reading this unit you should be able to:

1. To learn the pronunciation and the accents in French.

2. To understand the Subject Pronouns and French verbs and their

conjugations.

3. To know about French numbers and time

4. To know common greetings and able to express weight and measures in

French.

1.2 The Alphabet and Their Pronunciation

The French Alphabet

L'alphabet français

(Pronunciation)

A

a

A

B

b

Bé

C

c

Cé

D

d

Dé

E

e

E

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F

f

Ef

G

g

Jé

H

h

Ash

I

i

I

J

j

Ji

K

k

Ka

L

l

El

M

m

Emm

N

n

Enn

O

o

O

P

p

Pé

Q

q

Ky

R

r

Err

S

s

Es

T

t

Té

U

u

Eu

V

v

Vé

W

w

Double vé

X

x

Iks

Y

y

I-grek

Z

z

Zéd

VOWELS:( Les voyelles) - There are six Vowels in French Language 

a, e, i, o, u, y.

„h‟ is the vow

usually followed by another vowel.

Example :hôtel (hotel) [ O-T-E]

CONSONANTS- There are nineteen consonants in French Language-

B, C ,D, F ,G ,J ,K, L, M, N, P,

Q ,R, S, T, V ,W ,X, Z.

 

 

Example: Commencer ( C -O-M-A-N-S-E)

 ; it is pronounced as (GA, GU)

 

Example: Garçon ( G-A-R-S-



Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

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Silent letters: In French certain letters are not pronounced depending on their

position in the words:

 If a French word is ending with consonant and that consonant is preceded

by a vowel, then that consonant is not pronounced.

Example: Tabac (T-A-B-A) ; Assez( A-S-E)

 When masculine nouns and adjectives are converted to feminine by

adding an -e the preceding consonant will be sounded/pronounced.

Example: étudiant [E-T-U-D-I-A],---étudiante [E-T-U-D-I-A-T]

( Student)

Petit ( P-E-T-I), Petite ( P-E-T-I-T), (small)

 

Example:Mille (M-E-E)

 All the nouns in French language are either masculine or feminine. There



This is not universally applicable. Some exceptions do exist. Two French

feminine nouns are given below:

Example: Actrice (actress); Maison (House)

ÉLISION(Elision): Usually when a word ends with a vowel and the next word begins

with vowel, then last vowel of first word is dropped (elided) and it is replaced by an

apostrophe.

Example: 





LES SIGNES DE PUNCTUATION (PUNCTUATION MARKS)

Punctuation marks in the French language are used in a similar way of English





For example: -is you)

-rien (nothing).

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

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The following punctuation marks are used in dictation practice:

( . ) - le point (the full-stop)

(,)  la virgule (the comma)

(;)  le point et virgule (the semi-colon)

(:)  les deux points (the colon)

(?)  le point 

(-)  

( ) le tiret (the dash)

( )  la parenthese (the brackets)

1.3 LES ACCENTS(THE ACCENTS) ou (or) LES SIGNES

ORTHOGRAPHIQUES (ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS)

L‟accentaigu: The aigu(acute) accent (é )points to the right and upward. It generally

put above the letter e  ay

for example,:Médecin ( doctor),(M-E-D-S-O); Marché ( market).

L‟accent grave: The grave accent (è)points to the left and upward. It can appear over

vowel-  e.  è

grave accents is always pronounced , like the  in the English word set.

Examples:

 Très ( very); Deuxième ( in second place).

W        

meaning is changed.



or to).

La cédille: In French, the cedilla is a little tail under the l It is used to give

the  an    

a word for example:

 Garçon ( boy); Français ( the French language)

Le tréma: The tréma ly placed above the

second of two consecutive vowels when both vowels are to be pronounced separately.

 Jamaïque ( Jamai- ca) ; Nöel ( Nö-EL)

Le circonflexe: The circonflexe 

change pronunciation, but it must be included in written French.

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 Forêt ( forest); Hôtel ( hotel)

Le trait d‟union (-)-This hyphen, is used to connect words

Avez-vous?

A-t-elle?

L‟apostrophe (‟)-This sign indicates the omission of a vowel.



f Le ami

1.4 PRONOMS SUJETS (SUBJECT PRONOUNS)

A sentence normally consists of subject and verb. Further object can be added to it.

Subject pronouns indicate who or what is performing the action of a verb. They act as

the subject of verbs. They may be singular or plural, masculine or feminine to agree

with the noun (subject) they replace.

In French different subject pronouns are determined by number and person.

 

         



Thus, with two numbers and three persons, there are a total of six grammatical

persons, each of which has at least one subject pronoun:

Sujet Pronom (Subject Pronoun)

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun)

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

English

French

English

French

Première personne

(1st person)

I

Je*

We

Nous

Deuxième personne

(2nd person)

you

Tu

You

Vous

Troisième personne

(3rd person)

He/ It

Il / Ce*

They

Ils

She

Elle

They

Elles





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Difference between French Subject „Tu‟ and „Vous‟: tu’

vous’ is observed on verb conjugations, adjectives, and pronouns.But more than

tu’ vous’ is a matter of etiquette. It explains the relationship

between two people and how they interact, and using the wrong pronoun can have

negative consequences.In English, the second person subject pronoun is always

tu’ vous’

    Tu‟ is informal and always singular, while vous‟ is

formal and can be used both singular and/or plural. If one is talking to more than one

person, it doesn't matter what ever relationship it may be formal or informal  vous is

always used. It is only while talking to a single person, the choice must be made

between tu’  vous’. The informal, singular   tu’ indicates an

intimate, amicable, and/or equal relationship between two people, and as such it is

used with family, friends, lovers, colleagues, and classmates.‘Tu’ is also used when

talking to God, children, animals, and inanimate obje  tu’ with someone



1.5 CHANGE OF GENDER

In general, we can make the feminine of the word by adding -e to the masculine

adjective.

Example- Petit-Petite (Small), Client-Cliente( Client)

2-If in an adjective, last word ends in an e mute, then there is no change.

Example-Jeune-Jeune (Young). This word denotes both masculine and

feminine.

3- Doubling of the last consonants of the words.

Example- Gros-Grosse(Thick/Fat)

Bon-Bonne (Good)

Indien-Indienne (Indian)

Gentil-Gentille(Gentle )

4-Grave accent on the-e

Cher-chère( Dear)

5- Modification of the final consonants in last words.( F-Ve),(Eur-Euse),(C-

Che),(Eau-Elle)

Example-Actif-Active

Sportif-Sportive

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Vendeur-Vendeuse (Seller)

Blanc-Blanche (White)

Beau-Belle (Beautiful)

Nouveau-Nouvelle (New)

1.6 LES VERBES (THE VERBS)

Verbs are action words that express the action (He speaks/We play) or state of being (I

am student) of a sentence. They are one of the key parts of speech. French verbs have



different forms. There are six different conjugations for each verb for each tense and

mood according to two numbers and three persons.

The basic form of a verb in French is called the infinitive and it is also the name of the



single word with one of three infinitive endings with: „er‟ , „ir‟ and „re‟.

The verbs in French ending with „er‟ are normally known as regular verbs and

followed similar pattern of conjugation with different subjects in simple present

tense as given below:

While conjugating with subject Je- „er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„er‟ is replaced by „es‟;

While conjugating with subject Il or Elle or any third person singular subject -

„er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „er‟ is replaced by „ons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„er‟ is replaced by „ez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „er‟

is replaced by „ent‟

-„er‟,but it is an irregular verb.

For irregular verbs there is no specific pattern/rule of conjugation. One has to

remember or practice these conjugations of verbs to apply in framing French

sentences.

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Example: Conjugation of regular French verb „Jouer‟(To play) in simple

présent(present) tense with different subjects:

Example : Conjugation of regular French verb „Aimer‟(To love) in

simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

AUXILIARY VERB OR HELPING VERB IN FRENCH

In French, when constructing compound tenses, such as the passé compose (past

tense), we use auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs. In French, there are two

auxiliary verbs. They are être (eh-truh), which means 'to be,' and avoir (ah-vwar),

which means 'to have.'The verbs avoir and être are important verbs in the French

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun)

Conjugation of regular French verb „Jouer‟(To play)

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

English

French

English

French

Première personne

(1st person)

I Play

Je Joue

We Play

Nous Jou

ons

Deuxième personne

(2nd person)

You Play

Tu Joues

You play

Vous Jou

ez

Troisième personne

(3rd person)

He Plays

Il Joue

They play

Ils Jouent

She plays

Elle Joue

They play

Elles Jou

ent

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun)

Conjugation of regular French verb „Aimer‟(To love)

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

English

French

English

French

Première personne

(1st person)

I Love

e

We Love

Nousaim

ons

Deuxième

personne

(2nd person)

You Love

Tu aimes

You Love

Vous aim

ez

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He Loves

Il aime

They Love

Ils aiment

She Loves

Elle aime

They Love

Elles aim

ent

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language. we use them to construct the compound tenses. Avoir and être are also used

as main verbs in certain situations. They are categorized as irregular verb.

Usage as a Main Verb

 referring to possession

Example:Elle a une voiture.(She has a car)

 when talking about age

Example:ai 25ans. (Iam 25 yearsold)

 with adjectives

Example:Tu es jeune. (You are Young)

 when identifying things/people (description, nationality, professions, 

Example:Il est français.(He is French)

Il est professeur. (He is professor)

 for dates and times

Example: Il est 

Usage as an Auxiliary Verb in the passé compose (past tense)

Elle est née .(Shewasborn)



Example : Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: être (to be)-in

simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun)

Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: être(to be)

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

English

French

English

French

Première personne

(1st person)

I am

Je suis

We are

Nous sommes

Deuxième

personne

(2nd person)

You are

Tu es

You are

Vous êtes

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He is

Il est

They are

Ils sont

She is

Elle est

They are

Elles sont

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Example: Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: avoir(to have/has)-in

simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

Difference between French subject: „Nous‟ and On‟

In French, there are two subject pronouns to express we‟:nous‟ and on‟Nous‟ is

strictly "we," indicating a specific group of people about whom weare speaking.

On‟ is significantly less formal than nous, but can be used interchangeably in most

   On‟ takes the conjugation of verb of 3rd

personsingular (He/Il).

Example: Nous sommes Indiens. (We are Indians)

On est Indiens. (We are Indians)

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS-1

1.Écrivez la prononciation des mots .(Write the pronunciation of the followings

words).

a) A

b) E

c) H

d) J

e) R

f) T

g) V

h) W

i) X

j) Y

k) Z

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun)

Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: avoir (to have/has)

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

English

French

English

French

Première personne

(1st person)

I have



We have

Nous avons

Deuxième personne

(2nd person)

You have

Tu as

You have

Vous avez

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He has

Il a

They have

Ils ont

She has

Elle a

They have

Elles ont

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2.Correspondez aux mots avec leursprononciations. (Match the words with their

pronunciations).

a. B Cé

b. C Bé

c. K I-grec

d. N O

e. O Enne

f. YKa

 

A- ............... habitesà Delhi?

B- ............. es Anglais.

C- Je connais .......

D- ...........êtes chanteur.

E- ........... connaissez la France.

1.7. LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS): CARDINAL –

ORDINAL

A Cardinal Number is a number that says how many of something there are, such as

one, two, three, four, five etc. An Ordinal Number is a number that tells the position

of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th etc. Most ordinal numbers end

in "th" except for: one ⇒ first (1st) in English. But in French it normally ends with



The Numbers (Counting from 0 (Zéro) to 100 (Cent) in French

0

Zéro

1

Un

2

Deux

3

Trois

4

Quatre

5

Cinq

6

Six

7

Sept

8

Huit

9

Neuf

10

Dix

11

Onze

12

Douze

13

Treize

14

Quatorze

15

Quinze

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16

Seize

17

Dix-sept

18

Dix-huit

19

Dix-neuf

20

Vingt

21

Vingtet un

22

Vingt- deux

23

Vingt- trois

24

Vingt- quatre

25

Vingt- cinq

26

Vingt -six

27

Vingt -sept

28

Vingt -huit

29

Vingt -neuf

30

Trente

31

Trenteetun

32

Trente- deux

33

Trente- trois

34

Trente- quatre

35

Trente- cinq

36

Trente- six

37

Trente- sept

38

Trente- huit

39

Trente- neuf

40

Quarante

41

Quaranteet un

42

Quarante- deux

43

Quarante- trois

44

Quarante- quatre

45

Quarante- cinq

46

Quarante- six

47

Quarante- sept

48

Quarante- huit

49

Quarante- neuf

50

Cinquante

51

Cinquanteetun

52

Cinquante- deux

53

Cinquante- trois

54

Cinquante- quatre

55

Cinquante- cinq

56

Cinquante- six

57

Cinquante- sept

58

Cinquante- huit

59

Cinquante- neuf

60

Soixante

61

Soixante et un

62

Soixante- deux

63

Soixante- trois

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64

Soixante- quatre

65

Soixante- cinq

66

Soixante- six

67

Soixante- sept

68

Soixante- huit

69

Soixante -neuf

70

Soixante -dix

71

Soixanteetonze

72

Soixante- douze

73

Soixante -treize

74

Soixante quatorze

75

Soixante quinze

76

Soixante seize

77

Soixante-dix-sept

78

Soixante-dix-huit

79

Soixante-dix-neuf

80

Quatre-vingts

81

Quatre-vingt-un

82

Quatre-vingt-deux

83

Quatre-vingt-trois

84

Quatre-vingt-quatre

85

Quatre-vingt-cinq

86

Quatre-vingt-six

87

Quatre-vingt-sept

88

Quatre-vingt-huit

89

Quatre-vingt-neuf

90

Quatre-vingt-dix

91

Quatre-vingt-onze

92

Quatre-vingt-douze

93

Quatre-vingt-treize

94

Quatre-vingt-quatorze

95

Quatre-vingt-quinze

96

Quatre-vingt-seize

97

Quatre-vingt-dix-sept

98

Quatre-vingt-dix-huit

99

Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf

100

Cent



1000= Mille , 1,000,000= Un million.

Ordinal Number in French

First

Premier/ière

Second

Deuxième

Third

Troisième

Fourth

Quatrième

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Fifth

Cinquième

Sixth

Sixième

Seventh

Septième

Eighth

Huitième

Ninth

Neuvième

Tenth

Dixième

Eleventh

Onzième

Twelfth

Douzième

Thirteenth

Treizième

Fourteenth

Quatorzième

Fifteenth

Quinzième

Sixteenth

Seizième

Seventeenth

Dix-septième

Eighteenth

Dix-huitième

Nineteenth

Dix-neuvième

Twentieth

Vingtième

1.8 HOW TO TELL TIME IN FRENCH

Telling time in French is not very difficult, but it requires a little bit more thought

than telling time in English. By Knowing French numbers from 1-59, one can

tell time in terms of hours and minutes in French.

 15, 30, 45: quinze, trente, quarante-cinq.

By Using French statement "Quelle heure est-il? " means "What time is

it?"one can ask for the time in French.

The answer will be "Il est______ heure," to tell the hour.

For example, two o'clock is "deux heures, and five o'clock is "cinq heures.

 02.00-- Il est deux heures

 03.00-- Il est trios heures

 11.00-- Il est onze heures

 16.00-- Il est seize heures

Add minutes after "heure." In French, the literal translation of 3:15 is "three

hours fifteen." Thus, to say 3:15 in French one would say, "il est trios heures

quinze." or "Il est trios heures et quart."

4:27 -- Il est quatre heures vingt-sept.

10:12 -- Il est dix heures douze.

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19:30 -- Il est dix-neuf heures trente. (dix-neuf heures et demie)

12.00--Il est douze heures. (Il est midi)

00.00- Il est minuit. (Il est zéro heure.)

Shortand popular terms for common times. Half-hours or 30 minutes

("demie") and quarter hours or 15 minutesis denoted by words ("demie") and

("quart"), after "heure" along with "et" (the French word for "and"). Thus,one



Il est quatre heures et quart.

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Il est deux heures et demie. ( Il est deux heures trente)

8.15-- Il est huit heures et quart. (Il est huit heures quinze)

8.30--Il est huit heures et demie. (Il est huit heures trente)

20.15--Il est vingt heures et quart. (Il est vingt heures quinze)

20.30--Il est vingt heures et demie. (Il est vingt heures trente)

Useof “moins" to denote the minutes until an hour. In English, we might say

6:45 as, "it is quarter-to seven," or 12:50 as, "10 'ten minuit less one." The French

do the same thing using the word "moins," which means "minus" in English. So,

to say 6:45, we might say, "Il est sept heures moins le quart.

7.45-- Il est huit heures moins le quart. (Il est sept heures quarante cinq.)

10.45--Il est onze heures moins le quart. (Il est dix heures quarante cinq.)

06.55--Il est sept heures moins cinq. (Il est six heures Cinquante cinq.)

Les Moments De La Journée (Moments of the Day)

Matin-Morning; Midi -Noon Aprés-midi- Afternoon

Soir- Evening Minuit-Midnight

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1.9 FORMULES DE POLITESSE (BASIC GREETINGS)

Some of the basic greetings in French are listed below in box:

In French

In English

Some Common Greetings

Salut

Hi!

À plus tard

See you later.

Bonjour!

Good morning!

Bonsoir!

Good evening!

Bonne nuit!

Good night

S'il vous plaît

Please (formal version)

S'il te plaît

Please (informal version)

Comment ça va?Ou Ça va?

How is it going? or How do you do?

Comment allez vous?

How is it going? or How do you do?

Pardon!

Excuse me!, sorry!

Enchanté or Enchantée

Nice to meet you.

Très heureux!

Pleasure!

Introducing yourself in French

Je m'appelle...

I call myself..., or my name is...

Comment vous appelez-

vous?

How do you call yourself? Or

What is your name? (formal)

Comment tu t'appelles?

How do you call yourself? Or

What is your name? (informal)

Expression of politeness in French

Merci!

Thank you!

De rien

Not at all! no problem!

Je vous en prie

You are welcome (formal)

Excusez-moi!

Excuse me.

Je suis désolé

I am sorry.

Pardon!

Excuse me! sorry!

Vous permettez?

Do you mind?

Après vous!

After you!

Saying goodbye in French

Au revoir!

Bye!

À plus tard!

See you later!

À tout à l'heure

See you soon!, see you in a while!

À bientôt!

See you soon!

À demain!

See you tomorrow!

À tout de suite!

See you in a second, See you in a little

while!

Bonne journée!

Have a good day!

Bon courage!

Good luck!

Bonne chance!

Good luck!

Bonne route!

Have a good journey! safe Journey!

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Asking and answering some common questions in French

In French

In English

Très bien, merci.

Fine, thanks.

Ça va .Et vous?

I am fine and what about you?

Je vais bien, merci.

I am fine, thanks .

Assez bien.

ok

Ça va . Et toi?

I am fine and what about you?

Pas de probléme

No problem. It is Okay.Do not worry.

Common words/statements

Où est la école?

Where is the school?

Voila.

There is.

Voici.

Here is.

-

What is this?



I love you.

Je ne sais pas.

I do not know.

Parlez vous français?

Do you speak French?

Non.

No

Je ne comprands pas.

I do not understand

Bonne vacance!

Have a nice holiday!

Bon voyage!

Have a nice trip/Journey!

Bon appétit!

Have a good appetite!

Santé!

Cheers!

Oui

Yes

Non

No

Un peu

A little

Bon

Well

Bien sûr

Sure



Agree

À propos

By the way

Seasonal greetings

Joyeux noël!

Joyeux noëlà vous!

Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas to you !

Bonne année!

Happy New Year!

"Joyeuses fêtes!"

"Season's Greetings!"

Bonnes Pâques!

Happy Easter!

Bon anniversaire!

Happy Birthday! or Happy

anniversary!

Joyeux anniversaire!

Happy Birthday!

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1.10 POIDS ET MESURES (WEIGHTS AND MEASURES)

English

French

Gram

Gramme

Kilogram

Kilogramme

100kg

Quintal

Miligram

Milligramme

Ton

Tonne

Kilometer

Kilomètre

Meter

Mètre

Decimeter

Décimètre

Centimeter

Centimètre

Milimeter

Millimètre

Liter

Litre

Gallan

Hectolitre

Deciliter

Décilitre

Centiliter

Centilitre

Cubic feet

Stère

Half kilo

Demi kilo

Weight

Poids

Size

Taille

Kilometer square

Kilomètrescarrè

Centimeter square

Centimètrecarrè

Metre square

Mètrecarrè

Centimeter cube

Centimètre cube

Metre cube

Mètre cube

To weight

Peser

To calculate

Calculer

To count

Compter

To share

A little

Un peu

Few

Peu de

Several

Plusieurs

Enough

Assez de

Half

La moitié

Too much

Trop de

A quarter

Un quart

A third

Un tiers

Numerous

Nombreux

Innumerable

Innombrable

Most

La plupart

Less

Moins de

More

Plus

The whole

Toute le

A lot

Beaucoup

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

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CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1.Les mots cachés. Retrouvez les noms de nombres. (Hidden words. Find the names

of numbers.)

D

Q

U

A

T

R

E

D

I

O

N

Z

E

S

T

E

X

K

C

R

Z

E

R

U

H

U

I

T

É

I

E

X

S

N

R

Z

N

E

Q

O

E

T

M

P

U

L

I

Z

Y

E

L

T

F

Y

S

I

X

A

B

2.Écrivez la prononciationdu Nombres.(Write the pronunciation of the followings

Numbers.)

a. 0

b. 6

c. 19

d. 20

e. 30

f. 60

g. 69

h. 80

i. 85

j. 90

k. 100

3.Tranduisez en français. (Translate in to French)

A. It is 10.30 hrs.

B. It is 12.00 hrs.

C. It is 01.15 hrs.

D. It is 03.45 hrs.

E. It is 06.50hrs.

F. It is 23.00 hrs.

G. It is 24.00 hrs.

H. It is 07.10 hrs.

4.Tranduisez en français. (Translate in to French)

a) How are you?

b) Excuse me

c) I am sorry.

d) How do you call yourself? (formal)

e) Happy to meet you!

f) Have a good day!

g) Happy Birthday!

h) Happy New Year!

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1.11 GLOSSARY

PRONOMS SUJETS (SUBJECT PRONOUNS): Subject pronouns indicate who or

what is performing the action of a verb. They act as the subject of verbs. They may be

singular or plural, masculine or feminine to agree with the noun (subject) they

replace.In French different subject pronouns are determined by number and



          



LES VERBES (THE VERBS) :Verbs are action words that express the action or

state of being of a sentence. They are one of the key parts of speech. French verbs

           

subjects in different forms. There are six different conjugations for each verb for each

tense and mood according to two numbers and three persons.The basic form of a verb

in French is called the infinitive and it is also the name of the verb.

LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS)-CARDINAL:A Cardinal Number is

a number that says how many of something there are, such as one, two, three, four,

five etc.

LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS): CARDINAL – ORDINAL:An Ordinal

Number is a number that tells the position of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd,

3rd, 4th, 5th etc. Most ordinal numbers end in "th" except for: one ⇒ first (1st) in



1.12 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED

READINGS

 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of

Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .

 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,

Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

Uttarakhand Open University 22

 Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry

 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.

Delhi.

 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,

Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.

 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.

 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book

Centre,New Delhi.

 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris

 Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans

Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE

INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.

 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel

Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &

Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.

Websites:

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)

https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/

https://www.frenchtoday.com

https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

1.13 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Explain different accents of French.

2.Explain the PronomsSujets (Subject Pronouns) in French.Also explain the

difference between ‘Vous’ and ‘Tu’ and ‘Nous’ and ‘On’.

3. Explain Auxiliary Verb or Helping Verb in French.

4.Write down some Common Greetings in French.

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UNIT: 02

CONJUGATION OF FIRST

GROUP OF VERBS

STRUCTURE:

2.1 Objectives

2.2 Conjugation of First Group of Verbs

2.3 Les Articles Definis Et Indéfinis (The Definite and Indefinite Articles)

2.4 Self Introduction and Introducing Others

2.5 Days of The Week; Months of The Year and Date

2.6 Nom Des Légumes En Français (Name of Vegetables in French)

2.7 Nom Des Fruitsen Français (Name of The Fruits In French)

2.8 Glossary

2.9 Answer To Check Your Progress

2.10 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings

2.11 Terminal Questions

2.1. OBJECTIVE:

After reading this unit you should be able to:

 To learn the conjugations of first group of verbs in French.

 To understand the definite and indefinite articles.

 To know about Days of the week; Months of the year and Date in French

 To know how to present and introduce self and another person.

2.2 CONJUGATION OF FIRST GROUP OF VERBS

As discussed in Unit-1, there are two types of a verb in French-Regular and Irregular

verbs. Verbs are grouped into three types ending with -er, -ir and -re.

The verbs in French ending with „er‟ (except aller),. are normally known as

regular first group of verbs and followed similar pattern of conjugation with

different subjects in simple present tense as given below:

While conjugating with subject Je- „er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„er‟ is replaced by „es‟;

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While conjugating with subject Il or Elle or any third person singular subject -

„er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „er‟ is replaced by „ons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„er‟ is replaced by „ez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „er‟

is replaced by „ent‟.

In order to conjugate a regular -er verb, in simple present tense the -er of the

infinitive is omitted to get the stem. Then the six present tense endings specific to

-er verbs: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent, according to the subject is added.

Some Common French Regular Verbs ending with -ER

Here is the list of some common regular verbs ending with -er. They all have the same

conjugation patterns as discussed above.

1) Accepter  to accept

2) Adorer- to adore

3) Aimer-To Love

4) Annuler  to cancel

5) Apporter  to bring

6) Arriver - to arrive

7) Attraper  to catch

8) Arretêr-to stop,/to turn off

9) Acheter-To purchase

10) Bavarder  to chat

11) Casser  to break

12) Commander  to order

13) Couper  to cut

14) Chanter - to sing

15) Changer-to change

16) Chercher - to look for/to

search

17) Commencer - to begin

18) Côuter  To cost

19) Dessiner  to draw

20) Désirer-To desire

21) Danser - to dance

22) Déjeuner-To take lunch

23) Dîner - To take Dinner

24) Demander - to ask for

25) Dépenser - to spend

(money)

26) Détester - to hate

27) Donner - to give

28) Écouter - to listen to

29) Emprunter  to borrow

30) Enlever  to remove

31) Exprimer  to express

32) Embrasser-To embrace

33) Étudier - to study

34) Fermer - to close

35) Fumer-To smoke

36) Gagner  to win, to earn

37) Garder  to keep

38) Goûter - to taste

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

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39) Habiter  to live

40) Jouer - to play

41) Laver - to wash

42) Manger - to eat

43) Marcher-to walk

44) Nager - to swim

45) Parler - to talk, to speak

46) Payer/Paier-to pay

47) Peser-to weigh

48) Passer - to pass, spend

(time)

49) Porter - to wear, to carry

50) Préférer- to prefer

51) Présenter-to present

52) Prêter  to lend

53) Oublier  to forget

54) Ranger-To arrange

55) Rencontrer  to meet by

chance

56) Refuser  to refuse

57) Regarder-to watch

58) Rester  to stay, to remain

59) Rêver - to dream

60) Saluer  To Greet

61) Sauter  to jump

62) Skier - to ski

63) Téléphoner  to telephone

64) Tomber  to fall

65) Travailler - to work

66) Trouver - to find

67) Utiliser  To Use

68) Visiter  to visit a place

69) Voler - to fly, to steal

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i)Conjugation of regular French verb „Écouter-To hear‟ in simple

présent(present) tensewith different subjects:

ii)Conjugation of verb „Parler‟–„To speak‟ in present tense

Je parle- I speak

Tu parles- You speak

Il/Elle parle- He speaks/She speaks

On Parle- We speak

Nous parlons- We speak

Vous parlez- You speak

Ils/Elles parlent- They speak

iii)Conjugation of verb „Chanter‟–„To sing‟in present tense

Je chante  I sing

Tu chantes -You sing

Il/Elle chante -He/She sings

On chante - We sing

Nous chantons- We sing

Vous chantez- You sing

Ils/Elles chantant-They sing

iv)Conjugation of verb „Manger‟–„Toeat‟ in present tense

Sujet Pronom

(Subject

Pronoun)

Conjugation of regular French verb „Écouter-To hear/listen‟

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

English

French

English

French

Première

personne

(1st person)

I hear/listen

e

We hear/listen

Nous écoutons

Deuxième

personne

(2nd person)

You hear/listen

Tu écoutes

You hear/listen

Vous écoutez

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He hears/listens

Il écoute

They

hear/listen

Ilsécoutent

She

hears/listens

Elle écoute

They

hear/listen

Elles écoutent

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Je mange -I eat

Tu manges - We eat

Il/Elle mange -He/She eats

On mange -We eat

Nous mangeons* -We eat

Vous mangez -You eat

Ils/Elles mangent -They eat

*Note- 

      -O) instead of (G-O),as the

original pronunciation of infinitive form of verb is (M-A-N-J-E)

v)Conjugation of verb „Travailler’ -‘ to work‟in present tense

Je travaille -I work

Tu travailles -You work

Il/Elle travaille -He/She works

On Travaille -We work

Nous travaillons -We work

Vous travaillez -You work

Ils/Elles travaillent -They work

vi)Conjugation of verb „Commencer’ –„ to begin‟ in present tense

Je commence -I start/commence

Tu commences -You start/commence

Il/Elle commence -He/She starts/commences

On commence -We start/commence

Nous commençons* -We start/commence

Vous commencez -You start/commence

Ils/Elles commencent -They start/commence

*Note- In the conjugation with subject Nous,cédilleunder the letter c -i.e.( ç).

is used to give the  an       sound for maintaining the

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pronunciation (S-O) instead of (K-O),as the original pronunciation of infinitive

form of verb is (C-O-M-O-N-C-E)

vii)Conjugation of verb „Donner ’ –„ to give‟ in present tense

Je donne -I give

Tu donnes -You give

Il/Elle donne -He/She gives

On donne -We give

Nous donnons -We give

Vous donnez -You give

Ils/Elles donnent -They give

viii)Conjugation of verb „acheter ’ –„ to purchase‟ in present tense

ète -I purchase

Tu achètes -You purchase

Il/Elle achète -He/She purchases

On achète -We purchase

Nous achetons -We purchase

Vous achetez -You purchase

Ils/Elles achètent -They purchase

ix)Conjugation of verb Préférer ’  to prefer‟ in present tense

Je Préfère -I prefer

Tu Préfères -You prefer

Il/Elle Préfère -He/She prefers

On Préfère -We prefer

Nous Préférons -We prefer

Vous Préférez -You prefer

Ils/Elles Préfèrent -They prefer

FRENCH PRONOMINAL/REFLEXIVE VERB

Pronominal Pronominal verbs have a

special pronoun before theverbme, te, se, nous, vous, se

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              

         

ls about the action on one self which means the action is carried out

on the person who is doing the action.

Reflexive verbs are always conjugated with the reflexive pronoun that agrees with

the subject:me(myself), te(yourself), se (himself, herself, itself), nous (ourselves) and

and vous (yourself, yourselves). These pronouns generally precede the base verb.

 to shave another person (someone else, not yourself)

 to shave one self

 to call another person (someone else, not yourself)

 to call one self

I call myself.

i)Conjugation of pronominal verb„se raser’ – „to shave oneself‟ in present tense

Je me rase -I shave myself

Tu te rases -You shave yourself

Il/ Elle serase -He/She shaves himself/herself

On se rase -We shave ourselves

Nous nousrasons - We shave ourselves

Vous vousrasez, - You shave yourself

Ils/Elles se rasent -They shave themselves.

ii )Conjugation of verb„S‟appeler’ –„ to call oneself‟ in present tense

le -I call myself

Tu t'appelles -You call yourself

Il/ Elle s'appelle -He/She calls himself/herself

On s'appelle -We call ourselves

Nous nousappelons - We call ourselves

Vous vousappelez - You call yourself

Ils/Elles s'appellent -They call themselves.

are subcategory of Pronominal/Reflexive verbs. The verb uses





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For example: They love each other

We wake each other up at 8AM

List of French Reciprocal Verbs

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. to fight each other = se battre

5. to understand each other = se comprendre

6. to know each other = 





7. to hate each other = 





8. to tell (things to) each other = se dire

9. to argue with each other = se disputer

10. to write to each other = 





11. 

12. to talk to each other = se parler

13. to leave each other = se quitter

14. to look at each other = se regarder

15. to meet each other = se rencontrer

16. to find each other = se retrouver

17. to smile at each other = se sourire

18. to see each other = se voir

19. to call each other = se téléphoner

2.3 LES ARTICLES DEFINIS ET INDÉFINIS (THE

DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES)

One of the eight parts of speech, an article is a word that modifies a noun in a

particular way, by stating whether the noun is specific, unspecific, or partial. These

Fren

French articles agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, and they are

of three types:

A )Les Articles Définis (The definite articles)

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The definite article indicates that the speaker is referring to either a

particular/specific noun or to a class of nouns in a general sense.

Characteristics of definite articles

1. Used with countable and uncountable nouns

2. Placed directly in front of a noun or an adjective + noun

3. Agree with the noun in number and sometimes gender

4. Contract with certain prepositions

The English definite article, the, has four equivalent forms in French, depending on

the gender and number of the noun as well as what letter it begins with.

There are three singular articles:

1. Masculine: le (The)

2. Feminine: la (The)

3. 



There is only one plural definite article: les

Le is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a consonant. Example-

 Le stylo- The Pen

 Le cahier- The Notebook

 Le garçon-The boy

La is used before a feminine singular noun beginning with a consonant. Example-

 La cravate -The Tie

 La femme The Lady

 La dame-The Lady

L‟ is used before a masculine or a feminine noun beginning with a French vowel. Ex-

 - The Man

 é-The University

 - The School

 L'ami- The Friend

Les is used before a masculine or a feminine noun which is the plural. Ex-

 Les école- School

 Les femmes- Ladies

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 Les hommes  Men

 Les garçons-Boys

 Les filles-Girls

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

Masculin (Masculine)

le

le livre

the book

les

les livres

the books

Féminin(Feminine)

la

la maison

the house

les maisons

the houses

Avant( before)Vowel

or h mute



trice

hôtel

the actress

the hotel

les actrices

les

hôtels

the actresses

the hotels



-Au ( à+le)- Je parle bonjour au musicien( I say good morning to the musician)

-à la (to the)- Je parle bonjour à la musicienne (I say good morning to the lady

musician)

-- étudiant( I say good morning to the student)

-aux(to the)-Je parle bonjour aux musiciens( I say good morning to the musicians)

Je parle bonjour aux étudiants ( I say good morning to the students)

B ) Les Articles Indéfinis (The Indefinite articles)

The indefinite article indicates that the speaker is referring to either an unspecific

noun or to one/ something. The English indefinite article has two forms, (a and an),

while the French has three, depending on the gender and number of the noun. They

are : Un, Une and Des. Un is used before masculine singular noun.

Examples-

 Un livre- A book

 Un Garçon- A boy

Une is used before a feminine singular noun.

Examples-

 Une femme- A lady

 Une table- A table

Des is used before amasculine&feminine plural noun.

Examples-

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 Des enfants- Some children

 Des chaises -Some chairs

 Des Garçon- Some boys

The English equivalent of des is some, which is not considered an article in English.

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel

(Plural)

Masculin

(Masculine)

un

abricot

an

apricot

des livres

some

books

Féminin

(Feminine)

une

table

a table

des tables

some

tables

C)L‟articlePartitif (des, du, de la and de l‟)

The partitive article indicates that the speaker is referring to only a portion or some of

an uncountable noun, often food or drink. There are four forms in French, depending

on the gender and number of the noun as well as what letter it begins with.

Singulier (Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

Masculin

(Masculine)

du

Du

beurre

some

butter

des

des asperges

some

asparagus

Féminin

( Feminine)

de la

de la tarte

some pie

des épinards

some

spinach

Avant( before

)Vowel or h

mute



de



some

money

des pâtes

some

pasta

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – I

1- Écrivez la conjugaison de verbessuivants au Present. (Write the conjugation of

following verbs in present tense.)

i. `Arriver

ii. Chanter

iii. Chercher

iv. Commencer

v. Danser

vi. Demander

vii. Dépenser

viii. Détester

ix. Donner

x. Écouter

xi. Étudier

xii. Se Laver

2-Choisissez (choose)-

i. .......................place

ii. .........................avenue

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iii. .........................chanteur

iv. ...........................ami

v. .........................nom

vi. .........................prénom

vii. ........................secrétaire

viii. .......................musicien

ix. ........................livre

x. ........................chaise

3-Choisissez (choose)-Un, Une and Des

i. ................enfants

ii. ..............Maison

iii. ............chose

iv. ............cravate

v. ...........porte

vi. ...........amie

vii. ..........table

viii. ..........appartment

ix. ..........chaises

x. ..........garçons

2.4 SELF INTRODUCTION-

la description physique (Physical description)

Adjectifs (Adjectives)

Opposite Adjectifs (Adjectives)

Singulier

(Singular)

Pluriel

(Plural)

Singulier(Singular)

Pluriel

(Plural)

Masculine

Grand (Tall)

Grands

Petit (Short)

Petits

Feminine

Grande (Tall)

Grandes

Petite (Tall)

Petites

Masculine

Jeune

(Young)

Jeunes

Vieux (old)

Vieux

Feminine

Jeune (Tall)

Jeunes

Vieille (old)

Vieilles

Masculine

Gros (Fat)

Gros

Mince (Thin)

Minces

Feminine

Grosse (Fat)

Grosses

Mince (Thin)

Minces

Masculine

Brun(brown)

Bruns

Feminine

Brune(brown)

brunes

Masculine

Blond (Fair)

Blonds

Feminine

Blonde (Fair)

Blondes

Masculine

Roux (Red)

Roux

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Feminine

Rousse (Red)

Rousses

la description psychologique (Psychological description)

Adjectifs (Adjectives)

Opposite Adjectifs (Adjectives)

Singulier

(Singular)

Pluriel (Plural)

Singulier(Singular)

Pluriel

(Plural)

Masculine

Gai/Souriant

(Happy/

Cheerful/

smiling)

Gais/Souriants

Triste (sad,

mournful)

Tristes

Feminine

Gaie/Souriante

(Happy/

Cheerful/

smiling)

Gaies/Souriantes

Triste (sad,

mournful)

Tristes

Masculine

Sympathique

(sympathetic)

Sympathiques

Antipathique

(Unpleasant/

Unsympathetic)

Antipathiques

Feminine

Sympathique

(sympathetic)

Sympathiques

Antipathique

(Unpleasant/

Unsympathetic)

Antipathiques

Masculine

Content

(Satisfied/

Happy)

Contents

Mécontent

(unhappy

discontented)

Mécontents

Feminine

Contente

(Satisfied/

Happy)

Contentes

Mécontente

(unhappy

discontented)

Mécontentes

Masculine

Gentil(kind,

courteous)

Gentils

Méchant

(Unkind/ bad/

wicked.)

Méchants

Feminine

Gentille(kind,

courteous)

Gentilles

Méchante

Méchantes

Épeler- To spell

Nom-Surname

Prénom- Name

Example -Maurya Abhishek

Nom-Maurya

Prénom-Abhishek

- M, A,U,R,Y,A

i )Self Introduction:-

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1)French -Je m'appelle Utkarsh Verma.

English –I call myself UtkarshVerma (My name is Utkarsh Verma).

2) French -Je suis né à Varanasi.

English -Iwas born in Varanasi.

3) French -J'habite à Varanasi.

English -I live in Varanasi.

4) French -J'ai 18 ans.

English -I am 18 years old

5) French -Je suis étudiant .

English -I am student.

6 )French -Je suis Indien.

English -I am Indian.

7) French -J'aime écouter la musique.

English -I like to listen music.

8) French -Je préfère le cinema.

English -I prefer cinema.

9 )French -

English -I love very much traveling.

10) French-

English-I hate Opera.

11)French-

English-I love the mountain.

12) French-

English-I do not like the discothequeat all.

13) French - Je suis grand,jeune,gros et souriant garçon.

English - I am tall,young,fat and happy boy.

ii )Introduction ofsome other person:

1)French - Ils'appelle Manohar Das.

English –He call himself Manohar Das. (His name is Manohar Das).

2)French -Il est né à Lucknow.

English –He was born in Lucknow.

3)French –Il habite àAyodhya.

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English -He lives inAyodhya.

4)French –Il a 50 ans.

English –He is 50 years old.

5)French –Il estprofesseur.

English –He isprofessor.

6)French -Ilest Indien.

English -He is Indian.

7)French –Il aime écouter de la musique.

English - He likes to listen to music.

8)French - Il préfère lethéàtre.

English –He prefers the theatre.

9)French –Il aime beaucoup le voyager.

English –He likes very much travelling.

10)French - 

English –He hates the opera.

11)French –Il adore la campagne.

English - He loves the countryside.

12)French –

English - He does not like the discothéque.

12)French – Il est petit, vieux, mince et sympathique homme.

English - He is small,old,thin and sympathetic man.

2.5 DAYS OF THE WEEK; MONTHS OF THE YEAR AND DATE

Les Jours de la Semaine (Days of the week)

 Lundi-Monday.

 Mardi- Tuesday.

 Mercredi- Wednesday.

 Jeudi- Thursday.

 Vendredi- Friday.

 Samedi- Saturday.

 Dimanche- Sunday.

Les Mois de l‟année (Months of the Year )

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 Janvier = January

 Février = February

 Mars = March

 Avril = April

 Mai = May

 Juin = June

 Juillet = July

 Août = August

 Septembre = September

 Octobre = October

 Novembre = November

 Décembre = December

Dates in French

Quelle est la date aujourd’hui? - What is the date today?

The above sentence or statement is normally used to ask someone the date in French .

The common way to answer the above questionis :

 + le + number + month

For example:  le quatorze Juillet.(It is 14

th

July . )

This construction holds true for all of the days of the month exceptfor the first day .

To say the first premier

 le premier Janvier-

st



2.6 NOM DES LÉGUMES EN FRANÇAIS (NAME OF VEGETABLES IN FRENCH)

Nom des légumes en français (Name of Vegetables in French)

En français

(In French)

En anglais

(In English)

En français

(In French)

En anglais

(In English)

En français

(In French)

En anglais

(In

English)

le haricot

vert

French/green

bean

la fève

broad bean

le petit pois

garden pea

le maïs

Corn

la germe de

soja

bean sprout

le bambou

Bamboo



Okra



Chicory

le fenouil

Fennel



palmier

palm hearts

la roquette

rocket

le cresson

Watercress

le céleri

Celery

le chou de

brussel sprout

la bette

swiss chard

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Bruxelles

le radicchio

Radicchio

le chou frisé

Kale



Sorrel

la chicorée

Endive

le chou

chinois

pak-choi

les épinards

Spinach

le pissenlit

Dandelion

le chou

Cabbage

le brocoli

Broccoli

la laitue

Lettuce

le chou

précoce

spring

greengs

le chou-fleur

Cauliflower



artichoke

le radis

Radish



Onion

la pomme

de terre

Potato

le poivron

Pepper

le piment

Chilli

le navet

Turnip

la courge

Marrow

la patatedouce

sweet

potato



Yam

la bettrave

Beetroot

le rutabaga

Swede

le

topinambour

Jerusalem

Artichoke

le raifort

Horseradish

le panais

Parsnip

le

gingembre

Ginger



aubergine/egg

plant

la tomate

Tomato

la ciboule

spring onion

le poireau

Leek



Shallot



Garli

le

champignon

Mushroom

le truffle

Truffle

le

concombre

Cucumber

la courgette

Courgette

la

courgemusquée

butternut

squash

la courge

gland

acorn squash

la citrouille

Pumpkin

la tomoate

cerise

cherry

tomato

la carotte

Carrot

le taro

taro root

le fruit de



bread fruit

2.7 NOM DES FRUITSEN FRANÇAIS (NAME OF THE

FRUITS IN FRENCH)

Nom du fruit (Fruit‟s Name)

En anglaise (In

English)

En français (In

French)

Orange

l'orange

Apple

la pomme

Banana

la banane

Blackberry

la mûre

Blueberry

la myrtille

Cherry

la cerise

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Coconut

la noix de coco

Grape

le raisin

Kiwi Fruit

le kiwi

Mandarine

la mandarine

Mango

la mangue

Melon

le melon

Nut

la noisette

Peach

la pêche

Pear

la poire

Plum

la prune

Pineapple

l'ananas

Pomegranate

la grenade

Raspberry

la framboise

Strawberry

la fraise

Tangerine

la mandarine

Guava

La Goyave

Ugli Fruit

le tangelo

Watermelon

le melon d'eau /

la pastèque

Artichoke

l'artichaut

Avocado

l'avocat

Lychee

Le Litchi

CHECK YOU PROGRESS -II

1. Complétez-



Je ---------- .à Lucknow.

Lucky Singh

Secrétaire

PandeypurSonatalabLucknow

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

Uttarakhand Open University 41



Elle est .............

Elle ......................à Varanasi.

Rachana Singh

Médecine

LankaVaranasi

2-Présentez- les (Introduce)

i. Jyoti Tiwari: Canadien-Journaliste-Montréal

ii. Tejas Verma: Japonais-Professeur-Tokyo

iii. Ayushi: Indienne-Secrétaire-Varanasi

iv. Yoko Ozawa: Allemend-Acteur-Stuttgart

v. Abhishek Legrand: Indien- Étudiant-Delhi

3- Écrivezles Jours de la Semaine dans le français. (Write the days of the week in

French)

4- Écrivezéedans le français. (Write months of the year in French.)

2.8 GLOSSARY

FIRST GROUP OF VERBS :(except aller),.

are normally known as regular first group of verbs and followed similar pattern of

conjugation with different subjects in simple present tense.

PRONOMINAL VERBSor REFLEXIVE VERB : They have a special pronoun

before theverbme, te, se, nous, vous, se

il, elle, on, 

          

about the action on one self which means the action is carried out on the person who is

doing the action.

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LES ARTICLES DÉFINIS (THE DEFINITE ARTICLES):The definite article

indicates that the speaker is referring to either a particular/specific noun or to a class



LES ARTICLES INDÉFINIS (THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES) :The indefinite

article indicates that the speaker is referring to either an unspecific noun or to one/

something. The English indefinite article has two forms, (a and an), while the French

has three, depending on the gender and number of the noun. They are : Un, Une and

Des.

2.9 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1.See 2.2

2.See 2.3

3.See 2.3

Check you Progress - 2

1.See 2.4

2.See 2.4

3.See 2.5

4.See 2.5

2.10 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED

READINGS

 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of

Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .

 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,

Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi

 Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry

 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.

Delhi.

 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,

Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

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 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.

 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book

Centre,New Delhi.

 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris

 Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans

Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE

INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.

 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel

Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &

Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.

Websites:

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)

https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/

https://www.frenchtoday.com

https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

2.11 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1-Présentez- Vous (Introduce Yourself)

2- Présentez- Votre voisinou votre voisine. (Introduce Your neighbour)

3-Écrivez le Nom de 10 légumes dans le français. (Write the Name of 10 vegetables

infrench.)

4-Écrivez le Nom de 10 fruits dans le français. (Write the Name of 10 fruits in

French)

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UNIT: 03

CONJUGATION OF SECOND

GROUP OF VERBS

STRUCTURE:

3.1 Objectives

3.2 Nom Des Pays En Français Et Des Nationalités (Name Of The

Countries And The Nationalities In French)

3.3 Conjugation of Second Group Of Verbs

3.4 Adjectives of Place

3.5 Prepositions of Place

3.6 La Description D'un Endroit (Votre Ville / L'endroit Touristique)-

Describing A Place (Your City/ Tourist Place) -

3.7 Glossary

3.8. Answer To Check Your Progress

3.9 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings

3.10 Terminal Questions

3.1 OBJECTIVE

After reading this unit you should be able to:

 To learn the conjugationsof second group of verbs in French.

 To understand the Adjectives andPrepositions of place in French.

 To know about name of the Name of the Countries and Nationalities in

French

 To know how to describe a Place.

3.2 NOM DES PAYS EN FRANÇAIS ET DES NATIONALITÉS (NAME OF

THE COUNTRIES AND THE NATIONALITIES IN FRENCH)

Les Continents (The Continents)

There are the seven continents of the world.

Continent (in English)

Continent (in French)

Africa

Afrique

Antartica

Antarctique

Asia

Asie

Australia

Australie

Europe

North America

Amérique du Nord

South America

Amérique du Sud

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NOM DES PAYS EN FRANÇAIS ET DES NATIONALITÉS

(FRENCH NAME OF THE COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES)

CONT

INENT

S

(CON

TINEN

T)

NOM DU PAYS EN

ANGLAIS

(COUNTRIES NAME

IN

ENGLISH)

NOM DU PAYS EN

FRANÇAIS

(COUNTRY NAME IN

FRENCH)

NATIONALITÉS EN

ANGLAIS

(NATIONALITIES

IN ENGLISH)

MASCULINE

FEMININE

Asia

Afghanistan

L'afghanistan (M)

Afghan

Afghane

Southeast

Europe

Albania

L'albanie (F)

Albanians

Albanais

Albanaise

Northern

Africa

Algeria

L'algérie (F)

Algerian

Algérien

Algérienne

Europe

Andorra

L'andorre (F)

Andorran

Andorrane

Africa

Angola

L'angola (M)

Angolan

Angolais

Angolaise

North

America

Antigua And

Barbuda

L'antigua-Et-Barbuda

(F)

Barbudans

Barbade

Barbudiens

South

America

Argentina

L'argentine (F)

Argentinian

Argentin

Argentine

Western

Asia

Armenia

L'arménie (F)

Armenian

Arménien

Arménienne

North

America

The United

States

Les États-Unis (M)

American

Américain

Américaine

Australia/

Oceania

Australia

L'australie (F)

Australian

Australien

Australienne

Western

Europe

Austria

L'autriche (F)

Austrian

Autrichien

Autrichienne

Europe/As

ian

Azerbaijan

L'azerbaïdjan (M)

Azerbaijani

Azerbaïdjanais

Azerbaïdjanaise

North

America

Bahamas

Les Bahamas (F)

Bahamian

Bahamien

Bahamienne

Asia

Bahrain

Le Bahreïn

Bahraini

Bahreïni

Southern

Asia

Bangladesh

Le Bangladesh

Bangladeshi

Bangladesh

North

America

Barbados

La Barbade

Barbadian

Barbadien

Barbadienne

Europe

Belarus

La Biélorussie

Belarusian

OrBelarusan

Biélorusse

Western

Europe

Belgium

La Belgique

Belgian

Belge

Central

America

Belize

Le Belize (M)

Belizean

Bélizien

Bélizienne

Africa

Benin

Le Bénin

Beninese

Béninois

Béninoise

Asia

Bhutan

Le Bhoutan

Bhutanese

Bhoutanais

Bhoutanaises

South

America

Bolivia

La Bolivie

Bolivian

Bolivien

Bolivienne

Southeast

ern

Europe

Bosnia

La Bosnie-

Herzégovine

Bosnian

Bosnien

Bosnienne

South-

Africa

Botswana

Le Botswana

Botswanan

Botswana

Botswanaise

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Central

Eastern

South

America

Brazil

Le Brésil

Brazilian

Brésilien

Brésilienne

South-

East Asia

Brunei

Le Brunéi

Bruneian

Brunéien

Brunéiennes

Southeast

ern

Europe

Bulgaria

La Bulgarie

Bulgarian

Bulgare

West

Africa

Burkina-Faso

Le Burkina

Burkinese

Birman

Birmane

South-

Central

Asia

Burma

La Birmanie

Burmese

Briman

Brimane

Africa

Burundi

Le Burundi

Burundian

Burundais

Burundaise

South-

East Asia

Cambodia

Le Cambodge (M)

Cambodian

Cambodgien

Cambodgienne

Africa

Cameroon

Le Cameroun

Cameroonian

Camerounais

Camerounaise

North

America

Canada

Le Canada

Canadian

Canadien

Canadienne

Africa

Cape Verde

Island

Le Cap-Vert

Cape Verdean

Capverdien

Capverdienne

Africa

Chad

Le Tchad

Chadian

Tchadien

Tchadienne

South

America

Chile

Le Chili

Chilean

Chilien

Chilienne

Eastern

Asia

China

La Chine

Chinese

Chinois

Chinoise

South

America

Colombia

La Colombie

Colombian

Colombien

Colombienne

Central

Africa

Congo

Le Congo

Congolese

Congolais

Congolaise

Central

America

Costa Rica

Le Costa Rica

Costa Rican

Costaricain

Costaricaine

West

Africa

Côte D'ivoire

La Côte D'ivoire

Ivorian

Ivoirien

Ivoirienne

Central

Europe

Croatia

La Croatie

Croat Or

Croatian

Croate

North

America

Cuba

Cuban

Cubane

Europe

Cyprus

Chypre (F)

Cypriot

Chypriote

Central

Europe

Czech Republic

La

RépubliqueTchèque

Czech

Tchèque

Northern

Europe

Denmark

Le Danemark

Danish

Danois

Danoise

Africa

Djibouti

Le Djibouti

Djiboutian

Djiboutien

North

America

Dominican

Republic

La

RépubliqueDominica

ine

Dominican

Dominicain

South

America

Ecuador

L'équateur (M)

Ecuadorean

Équatorien

Équatorienne

Western

Europe

Holland

( Netherlands)

Les Pays-Bas

Dutch

Néerlandais

Néerlandaise

Africa,

Middle

Egypt

L'égypte (F)

Egyptian

Égyptien

Égyptienne

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East

North

America

El Salvador

Le Salvador

Salvadorean

Salvadorien

Europe

England

L’angleterre (F)

English

Anglais

Anglaise

Africa

Eritrea

L'érythrée (F)

Eritrean

Érythréen

Europe

Estonia

L'estonie (F)

Estonian

Estonien

Estonienne

Africa

Ethiopia

L'éthiopie (F)

Ethiopian

Éthiopien

Éthiopienne

Oceania

Fiji

Les Fidji (F)

Fijian

Fidjien

Northern

Europe

Finland

La Finlande

Finnish

Finlandais

Finlandaise

Western

Europe

France

La France

French

Français

Française

Oceania

French

Polynesia

La

PolynésieFrançaise

Polynesian

FrançaisPolynés

ien

FrançaisPolynés

ienne

Central

Africa

Gabon

Le Gabon

Gabonese

Gabonais

Gabonaise

Africa

Gambia

La Gambie

Gambian

Gambien

Gambienne

Europe/As

ia

Georgia

La Géorgie

Georgian

Géorgien

Géorgienne

Western

Europe

Germany

L'Allemagne (F)

German

Allemand

Allemande

Africa

Ghana

Le Ghana

Ghanaian

Ghanéen

Ghanéenne

Southern

Europe

Greece

La Grèce

Greek

Grec

Grecque

North

America

Grenada

La Grenade

Grenadian

Grenadien

Grenadienne

North

America

Guatemala

Le Guatemala

Guatemalan

Guatémaltèque

Africa

Guinea

La Guinée

Guyanese

Guyanais

Guyanaise

South

America

Guyana

La Guyana

Guyanese

Guyanes

Guyanese

North

America

Haiti

Haïti

Haitian

Haïtien

North

America

Honduras

Le Honduras

Honduran

Hondurien

Hondurienne

Eastern

Europe

Hungary

La Hongrie

Hungarian

Hongrois

Hongroise

Europe

Iceland

L'islande (F)

Icelandic

Islandais

Islandaise

South-

Central

Asia

India

L'inde (F)

Indian

Indien

Indienne

Asia/Ocea

nia

Indonesia

L'indonésie (F)

Indonesian

Indonésien

Indonésienne

Asia

Iran

L'iran (M)

Iranian

Iranien

Iranienne

Asia

Iraq

L'irak (M)

Iraqi

Irakien

Irakienne

Northern

Europe

Ireland

L'irlande (F)

Irish

Irlandais

Irlandaise

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Asia

Israel

Israël (M)

Israelis

Israélien

Israélienne

Southern

Europe

Italy

L'italie (F)

Italian

Italien

Italienne

North

America

Jamaica

La Jamaïque

Jamaican

Jamaïquain

Jamaïquaine

Eastern

Asia

Japan

Le Japon

Japanese

Japonais

Japonaise

Asia

Jordan

La Jordanie

Jordanian

Jordanien

Jordanienne

Asia

Kazakhstan

Le Kazakhstan

Kazakh

Africa

Kenya

Le Kenya

Kenyan

Kényan

Kényane

Oceania

Kiribati

Kiribati (F)

Kiribati

Kiribatien

Kiribatienne

Asia

Kuwait

Le Koweït

Kuwaiti

Koweïtien

Koweïtienne

Asia

Kyrgyzstan

Le Kirghizstan

Kirghiz

Kirghizes

Asia

Laos

Le Laos

Laotian

Laotien

Laotienne

Europe

Latvia

La Lettonie

Latvian

Letton

Lettonne

Asia

Lebanon

Le Liban

Lebanese

Libanais

Libanaise

Africa

Lesotho

Le Lesotho

Mosotho/

Basotho

Africa

Liberia

Le Libéria

Liberian

Libérien

Libérienne

Africa

Libya

La Libye

Libyan

Libyen

Libyenne

Europe

Lithuania

La Lituanie

Lithuanian

Lituanien

Lituanienne

Europe

Luxembourg

Le Luxembourg

Luxembourger

Luxembourgeoi

s

Luxembourgeoi

s

Europe

Macedonia

La Macédoine

Macedonian

Macédonien

Macédoniene

Eastern

Africa

Madagascar

Madagascar (M)

Madagascan

Malgache

Africa

Malawi

Le Malawi

Malawian

Malawien

Malawienne

Asia

Malaysia

La Malaisie

Malaysian

Malaisien

Malaisienne

Asia

Maldives

Les Maldives (F)

Maldivian

Maldivien

Maldivienne

Africa

Mali

Le Mali

Malian

Malien

Malienne

Europe

Malta

Malte (F)

Maltese

Maltais

Maltaise

West

Africa

Mauritania

La Mauritanie

Mauritanian

Mauritanien

Mauritanienne

Eastern

Africa

Mauritius

Île Maurice (F)

Mauritian

Mauricien

Mauricienne

North

America

Mexico

Le Mexique (M)

Mexican

Mexicain

Mexicaine

Europe

Moldavia

La Moldavie

Moldovan

Moldave

Europe

Monaco

MonégasqueOr

Monacan

Monaco

Asia

Mongolia

La Mongolie

Mongolian

Mongol

Mongole

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Europe

Montenegro

Le Monténégro

Montenegrin

Monténégrin

Monténégrine

Northern

Africa

Morocco

Le Maroc

Moroccan

Marocain

Marcoaine

Africa

Mozambique

Le Mozambique

Mozambican

Mozambicain

Mozambicainne

Africa

Namibia

La Namibie

Namibian

Namibien

Namibienne

Oceania

Nauru

La Nauru

Nauruan

Nauruane

Asia

Nepal

Le Népal

Nepalese

Népalais

Népalaise

Europe

Netherlands

Les Pays-Bas

Dutch

Hollandais

Hollandaise

Oceania;

Australia

New Zealand

La Nouvelle-Zélande

New Zealander

Néo-Zélandais

Néo-Zélandaise

North

America

Nicaragua

Le Nicaragua

Nicaraguan

Nicaraguayen

Nicaraguayenne

Africa

Niger

Le Niger

Nigerien

Nigérian

Nigérianne

West

Africa

Nigeria

Le Nigéria

Nigerian

Nigérian

Nigériane

Asia

North Korea

La Corée Du Nord

North Korean

Nord-Coréen

Nord-Coréenne

Northern

Europe

Norway

La Norvège

Norwegian

Norvégien

Norvégienne

Asia

Oman

L'oman (M)

Omani

Omanais

Omanaise

South-

Central

Asia

Pakistan

Le Pakistan

Pakistani

Pakistanais

Pakistanaise

North

America

Panama

Le Panama

Panamanian

Panaméen

Panaméenne

Oceania

Papua New

Guinea

La Papouasie-

Nouvelle-Guinée

Papua New

Guinean Or

Guinean

Papouasie-

Nouvelle-

Guinée

Papouans-Néo-

Guinéens,

South

America

Paraguay

Le Paraguay

Paraguayan

Paraguayen

Paraguayenne

South

America

Peru

Le Pérou

Peruvian

Péruvien

Péruvienne

Asia

Philippines

Les Philippines (F)

Philippine

Philippines

Eastern

Europe

Poland

La Pologne

Polish

Polonaise

Southern

Europe

Portugal

Le Portugal

Portuguese

Portugais

Portugaise

Asia

Qatar

Le Qatar

Qatari

Qatarienne

Europe

Romania

La Roumanie

Romanian

Roumain

Roumaine

Eastern

Europe -

Northern

Asia

Russia

La Russie

Russian

Russe

Africa

Rwanda

Le Rwanda

Rwandan

Rwandais

Rwandaise

Asia

Saudi Arabia

L'arabieSaoudite (F)

Saudi Arabian

Saoudien

Saoudienne

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Europe

Scotland

L'écosse (F)

Scottish

Écossais

Écossaise

West

Africa

Senegal

Le Sénégal

Senegalese

Sénégalais

Sénégalaise

Europe

Serbia

La Serbie

Serb Or

Serbian

Serbe

Africa

Seychelles

Les Seychelles (F)

Seychellois

Les Seychelles

Africa

Sierra Leone

La Sierra Leone

Sierra Leonian

Sierra Léonais

Europe

Slovakia

La Slovaquie

Slovak

Slovaque

Europe

Slovenia

La Slovénie

Slovene Or

Slovenian

Slovène

Africa

Somalia

La Somalie

Somali

Somalien

Somalienne

Southern

Africa

South Africa

L’afrique Du Sud (F)

South African

Sud-Africain

Sud-Africaine

Asia

South Korea

La Corée Du Sud

South Korean

Coréen Du Sud

Southern

Europe

Spain

L'espagne (F)

Spanish

Espagnol

Espagnole

South-

Central

Asia

Sri Lanka

Le Sri Lanka

Sri-Lankan

Srilankais

Srilankaise

Africa

Sudan

Le Soudan

Sudanese

Soudanais

Soudanaise

South

America

Surinam

Le Surinam

Surinamese

Surinamais

Surinamienne

Africa

Swaziland

Le Swaziland

Swazi

Swaziland

Northern

Europe

Sweden

La Suède

Swedish

Suédois

Suédoise

Western

Europe

Switzerland

La Suisse

Swiss

Suisse

Asia

Syria

La Syrie

Syrian

Syrien

Syrienne

Asia

Tajikistan

Le Tadjikistan

Tajik Or Tadjik

Tadjik

Africa

Tanzania

La Tanzanie

Tanzanian

Tanzanien

Tanzanienne

Asia

Thailand

La Thaïlande

Thai

Thaïlandais

Thaïlandaise

Africa

Togo

Le Togo

Togolese

Togolaise

South

America

Trinidad And

Tobago

La Trinité-Et-Tobago

Trinidadian

Tobagan

Tobagonian

Toboggan

Northern

Africa

Tunisia

La Tunisie

Tunisian

Tunisien

Tunisienne

Southeast

ern

Europe,

Turkey

La Turquie

Turkish

Turc

Turque

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CHECK YOU PROGRESS – I

1- Write the name and nationality of the following countries in French-

a) India

b) Srilanka

Western

Asia

Turkmenistan

Le Turkménistan

Turkmen Or

Turkoman

Turkmène

Oceania

Tuvalu

Le Tuvalu

Tuvaluan

Taliban

Talibane

Africa

Uganda

L'ouganda (M)

Ugandan

Ougandais

Ougandaise

Europe

Ukraine

L'ukraine (F)

Ukrainian

Ukrainien

Ukrainienne

Asia

United Arab

Emirates

Les

ÉmiratsArabesUnis (

M)

Emirati

Émirati

Europe

United Kingdom

Le Royaume-Uni

British

Britanique

South

America

Uruguay

L'uruguay (M)

Uruguayan

Uruguayen

Uruguayenne

Asia

Uzbekistan

L'ouzbékistan (M)

Uzbek

Ouzbek

Ouzbèke

Oceania

Vanuatu

Le Vanuatu

Vanuatuan

Vanuatais

Vanuataise

Europe

Vatican

Le Vatican

Citizen Of The

Holy See

Citoyen Du

Saint-Siège

Citoyen Du

Saint-Siège

South

America

Venezuela

Le Venezuela

Venezuelan

Vénézuélien

Vénézuélienne

Asia

Vietnam

Le Viêt-Nam

Vietnamese

Vietnamien

Vietnamienne

Europe

Wales

Le Pays De Galles

Welsh

Gallois

Galloise

Oceania

Western Samoa

Les Samoa

Occidentales

Western

Samoan

Oust-

Occidental

Oust-

Occidentale

Asia

Yemen

Le Yémen

Yemeni

Yéménite

Europe

Yugoslavia

La Yougoslavie

Yugoslav

Yougoslave

Central

Africa

Zaire (Congo)

Le Zaïre (M)

Zairean

Zaïrois

Zaïroise

Eastern

Africa

Zambia

La Zambie

Zambian

Zambien

Zambienne

Eastern

Africa

Zimbabwe

Le Zimbabwe (M)

Zimbabwean

Zimbabwéen

Zimbabwéenne

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c) Australia

d) Germany

e) Spain

f) U.S.A

g) Japan

h) Russia

i) France

j) Italy

k) United states

COUNTRY AND LANGUAGES

3.3 CONJUGATION OF SECOND GROUP OF VERBS

Different kinds of verbs in French include: regular verb ending with-er, -ir, -re, stem-

changing, and irregular. For conjugating regular verbs for each of the first three kinds

Country Name

Language(s)

Algeria

l'arabe, le français

Australia

l'anglais

Belgium

le flamand, le français

Brazil

le portugais

Canada

le français, l'anglais

China

le chinois

Egypt

l'arabe

England

l'anglais

France

le français

Germany

l'allemand

India

l'hindi (plus many others)

Ireland

l'anglais, l'irlandais

Italy

l'italien

Japan

le japonais

Mexico

l'espagnol

Morocco

l'arabe, le français

Netherlands

le néerlandais

Poland

le polonais

Portugal

le portugais

Russia

le russe

Senegal

le français

Spain

l'espagnol

Switzerland

l'allemand, le français, l'italien

United States

l'anglais

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of verbs, we have to learn some rules of conjugation of regular verbs in each of those

categories.

French verbs are conventionally divided into following three groups for the purpose of

conjugations:

A )First Group:all regular verbs in infinitive form ending with -er (except aller).

B )Second Group: Some regular Verbs with infinitives ending in -ir form a second

group of regular verbs in French .

C )Third Group: It includes all the irregular verbs. It can be divided into following

main sub-category:

1. verbs ending with -IR (like MOURIR,VENIR);

2. verbs ending with -OIR (like RECEVOIR);

3. verbs ending with -RE (like RENDRE:);

4. ALLER even if it is terminated by -ER

Regular verbswith infinitives ending in -ir form thesecond group of regular verbs in

Frenchand it is the second-largest category of French verbs. These verbs are also

referred to as 'second conjugation' verbs.The French verb with the infinitive ending

removed is called the stem or radical.

In order to conjugate a regular -ir-ir‟ of the infinitive

is omitted to get the stem. Then the stem /six present tense endings are added with: -

is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent according to the subject . The singular and plural

forms of the third person are clearly distinguishable (finit vs.finissent). These verbs

always use a double radical. One for the singular and the second one for plural

persons: fin-is; finiss-ons).

While conjugating with subject Je- „ir‟ is replaced by „is‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„ir‟ is replaced by „is‟;

             ngular

subject - „ir‟ is replaced by „it‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „ir‟ is replaced by „issons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„ir‟ is replaced by „issez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „ir‟ is

replaced by „issent‟.

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Finir‟ –„To finish‟ in present tense

Je finis - I finish

Tu finis - You finish

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Il/Elle finit - He finishes/She finishes

On finit -We finish

Nous finissons - We finish

Vous finissez - You finish

Ils/Elles finissent - They finish

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Choisir‟-„To Choose‟ in present

tense

Je choisis - I choose

Tu choisis - You choose

Il/Elle choisit - He chooses/She chooses

On choisit -We choose

Nous choisissons - We choose

Vous choisissez - You choose

Ils/Elles choisissent - They choose

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Réussir‟-„To succeed‟ in present

tense

Je réussis - I succeed

Tu réussis - You succeed

Il/Elle réussit - He succeeds/She succeeds

On réussit -We succeed

Nous réussissons - We succeed

Vous réussissez - You succeed

Ils/Elles réussissent - They succeed

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Agir‟– „To act‟ in present tense

Je agis - I act

Tu agis - You act

Il/Elle agit - He/ She acts

On agit -We act

Nous agissons - We act

Vous agissez -You act

Ils/ Elles agissent They act

List of some common regular verbs ending with „-ir‟.

 Abolir  to abolish

 Acceuillir  to welcome

 Accomplir  to accomplish

 Avertir  to warn

 Bâtir  to build

 Bénir  to bless

 Embellir  to make beautiful

 Établir to establish

 Finir  to finish

 Grandir  to grow up

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 Grossir  to gain weight

 Investir  to invest

 Maigrir,- to lose weight

 Mincir,- to get slimmer

 Nourrir  to feed

 Obéir  to obey

 Punir  to punish

 Réfléchir,- to think, reflect

 Ralentir  to slow down

 Réagir, -to react

 Remplir  to fill

 Réunir  to reunite

 Rougir  to blush

 Saisir  to seize

 Vieillir  to grow old

Irregular "-ir" Verbs

Above mentioned French -ir verbs are regular verbs, which follow the previously

discussed rules for conjugation. But there are a number of irregular -ir verbs in French

and they fall into three groups.

I )The first group of irregular -ir verbs is essentially conjugated like the

verb partir ("to leave"). This group includes such verbs as:

 Consentir - to consent

 Départir - to accord

 Dormir - to sleep

 Endormir- to put/send to sleep

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Dormir‟ (To sleep) in present

tense

Je dors ( I sleep)

Tu dors ( You sleep )

Il dort ( He sleeps)

Elle dort ( She sleeps )

On dort ( We sleep)

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Nous dormons( We sleep )

Vous dormez ( You sleep )

Ils dorment ( They sleep )

Elles dorment ( They sleep )

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Sortir‟ ( To go out ) in present

tense

Je sors( I go out )

Tu sors ( You go out )

Il sort ( He goes out )

Elle sort ( She goes out )

On sort ( We go out )

Nous sortons ( We go out )

Vous sortez ( You go out )

Ils sortent( They go out )

Elles sortent ( They go out )

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Partir‟ ( To leave ) in present

tense

Je pars( Ileave)

Tu pars ( You leave)

Il part ( Heleaves)

Elle part ( She leaves )

On part ( Weleave )

Nous partons ( Weleave )

Vous partez ( Youleave )

Ils partent( Theyleave )

Elles partent ( Theyleave )

The second group consists of verbs that end in -llir, -frir, or, -vrir, and almost all are

conjugated like regular -er verbs. Examples of these verbs include:

 Couvrir - to cover

 Cueillir - to pick

 Découvrir- to discover

 Entrouvrir - to half-open

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Ouvrir‟ ( To open ) in present

tense

J'ouvre,( Iopen)

Tu ouvres( You open)

Il ouvre( He opens)

Elle ouvre( She opens )

On ouvre( We open )

Nous Ouvrons,( We open )

Vous ouvrez( You open)

Ils Ouvrent( They open)

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Elles Ouvrent( They open )

In the third group, verbs such as tenir ("to hold") and venir ("to come") and their

derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The remaining

irregular -ir verbs don't follow a pattern. One has to memorize the conjugations for

each of the verbs separately. Some of the verbs are:

 Acquérir - to acquire

 Asseoir - to sit

 Avoir - to have

 Conquérir - to conquer

 Courir- to run

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Courir‟ ( To run ) in present

tense

 Je cours( I run)

 Tu cours( You run)

 Il court ( He runs)

 Elle court ( She runs )

 On court ( We run )

 Nous courons, ( We run )

 Vous courez( You run )

 Ils Courent( They run )/Elles Courent ( They run )

3.4 ADJECTIVES OF PLACE-

Followings adjectives are used before the nouns.

Adjective

Meaning

Affreux, -euse

awful, terrible

Autre

other

Beau (belle)

good-looking, beautiful

Bon (bonne)

good

Bref (brève)

brief

Excellent(e)

excellent

Grand (e)

large

Haut(e)

high, tall

Pretty

pretty

Mauvais(e)

bad, wrong

Méchant (e )

Naughty

Même(s)

same

Nouveau (nouvelle)

new

Petit(e)

small

Plusieurs ...

several ...

Premier, second, avant-

(Ordinal numbers)

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dernier, dernier, troisième, quatrième etc

Vieux (vieille)

old

Examples are:-

 Il est bon garçon.

 He is a Handsomeboy.

 Elle est belle fille.

 She is a beautiful girl

 Il y a une haute colline derrière la forêt.

 There is a tall hill behind the forest

 Il a une grande jardin.

He has a large garden

The following adjectives havethe different meanings before and after the noun-

Adjective

Meaning before the noun

Meaning after the noun

Ancien/Ancienne

former, ex-

old, ancient

Brave

fine, amiable

brave, courageous

Certain

certain (in sense of

'particular')

sure, certain

Cher

dear, true

expensive

Curieux/curieuse

strange

inquisitive

Fameux

famous, infamous

top-notch, first-rate

Gros

big

fat

Jeune

Young,

younger

not old

Pauvre

poor

Propre

own

clean

Pure

pure, simple, plain

pure, unaltered

Rare

rare, precious

Rare, infrequent

Seul/Seule

only, sole

lonely

Terrible

terrible, awful

great

Vrai

real, serious

real, true

Example-

 Une ancienneécole (School which exists no more).

 Une chaise ancienne(old chair).

 Un seulfils (only son)

 Une femme seule( A woman who is not accompanied)

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 Une chaise rare (valuable chair)

 Desrares chaises (rare)

3.5 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

One of the eight French parts of speech, prepositions are the essential words which are

placed after a verb, noun or adjective in order to indicate a relationship between that

word and the noun or pronoun that follows. Many French prepositions have more than

one English equivalent, depending on how they are used  and vice versa. Some

common French prepositions and their English meaning are given below.

Par exemple(For Example) Il est dans la rue, devant la maison.(He is inside the

street,in front of house ).

French prepositions

English meaning

à

to, at, in

à côté de

Beside,By the side

après

after

avant

before

avec

with

chez

at the home/office of,among

Contre

against, versus

dans

in

de

from, of, about

depuis

since, for

derrière

in back of,behind

devant

in front of

durant

during, while

en

in, to

entre

between

envers

toward

environ

approximately,around

jusque

until, up to

malgré

despite

par

by, through

parmi

among

pendant

during

pour

for

sans

without

sauf

except

selon

according to

sous

under

sur

On, Over, above

vers

toward, near

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Some basic rules to use preposition before the place, or going to a place in French are

given below.

Preposition “en” and “au” are used before the name of country. 

             

gende             

 ‟is used before a town or city .Meaning of  and 

of Country name 

is (feminine) and Country name not ending     

             

masculine.

Someexamples are:

enInde.(I live in India).

auJapon.(I live in Japan).

Nous habitonsauMexique.(We live in Mexico).

Nous habitonsaux États-Unis. (We live in United States of America).

Il habiteàParis.(He lives in Paris)

Je vais àParis.(I go to Paris)

Je viens de Paris.( I come from Paris.)

Il vient de Tokyo..( He comes from Tokyo.)

à



Preposition used with other places

Aller

Rester







sité

Au collége

Au café

Au musée

Au marché

Au bistrot

Au cinéma

Au super marché

Au theatre

Au zoo

Au tabac

Au restaurant

Au magasin

À la cafétéria

À la banque

À la plage

À la mer

À la piscine

À la poste

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3.6 LA DESCRIPTION D'UN ENDROIT (VOTRE VILLE

/ L'ENDROIT TOURISTIQUE)-DESCRIBING A PLACE

(YOUR CITY/ TOURIST PLACE) -

A) Description of Delhi (In English)

National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India. It is

the capital of India. It is one of the fastest growing cities in India. It is situated in the

north of India, on the bank of river Yamuna.It is bordered by Haryana on three sides

and by Uttar Pradesh in the east. The area of National Capital Territory of

Delhi (NCT), is 1,484 square kilometres. Population of Delhi is 20 million.

New Delhi was built by a British architect Edward Lutyens in 1912. The Parliament

House and Supreme Court of India are located in Delhi. The president, prime minister

and all other ministers of India stay in Delhi. There are lot of historical places like,

Qutab Minar, JantarMantar, Red Fort in Delhi. The Indira Gandhi International

Airport is also located in Delhi. People of different communities stays in Delhi. Delhi

is well known for its spicy and tasty food. The main language spoken in Delhi is

Hindi.

La description de Delhi (En languefrançaise):

Territoire de la capitale nationale de Delhi (NCT), est une ville et un territoire de

 Il est la capitale de l'Inde. C'est l'une des villes dont la croissance est la

plus rapide en Inde. Il est situé dans le nord d'Inde, sur la rive de la rivière Yamuna. Il

est bordé par l'Haryana sur trois côtés et par l'Uttar Pradesh à l'est. La superficie du

territoire de la capitale nationale de Delhi (NCT) est de 1 484 kilomètres carrés. La

population de Delhi est de 20 millions. New Delhi a été construite par un architecte

britannique Edward Lutyens en 1912. Le Parlement et la Coursuprême de l'Inde se

trouvent à Delhi. Le président, le premier ministre et tous les autresministresrestent à

Delhi. Il ya beaucoup de lieuxhistoriquescomme, Qutab Minar, Jantar Mantar ,Red

Fort et etc à Delhi.. L'aéroport international Indira Gandhi est aussisitué à Delhi.Des

gens de différentescommunautésrestent à Delhi. Delhi est bien connu pour sesépicé et

plats savoureux.. La langue principaleparlée à Delhi est le Hindi.

B)Description of Mumbai (In English)

Mumbai is a natural harbour on the west coast of India. It is the capital of

Maharashtra. It is India's most populous city. The population of Mumbai is 24

Million. It is the commercial capital of India. It is also the wealthiest city in India. It is

a beautiful, vibrant and cosmopolitan city. It is a city of seven islands. It is the city of

dreams. There are many monuments here. Gate way of India is a famous monument of

Mumbai. Elephanta Caves is a popular tourist attraction in Mumbai. It is full of hotels,

museums and tourist places. There are also beautiful gardens. Juhu and Chowpatty are

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the two famous beach of Mumbai. All people visit the beach especially in summer. It

is also known as film city. I love the city of Mumbai.

La description de Mumbai (En languefrançaise):

           est la capitale de

Maharashtra. C'est la ville la plus peuplée de l'Inde.La population de Mumbai est de

 C'est aussi la ville la

plus riched'Inde. C'est une ville belle, vivante et cosmopolite. C'est une ville de sept

îles. Elle est la ville de rêves. Il y a beaucoup de monuments ici. Gate way of India

est un monument célèbre de Mumbai.Elephanta Caves est une attraction touristique

populaire. Elle est pleined'hôtels, de musées et d'endroitstouristiques. Il y aaussi de

beaux jardins. Juhu et Chowpatty sont les deux célèbres plages deMumbai.Tous les

gens visitent la plage surtout en été.       J'aime

beaucoup la ville de Mumbai.

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1- Write the conjugation of followings verbs in present tense: -

a) 

b) 

c) Remplir

d) Réunir

e) Réussir

f) Rougir

g) Ouvrir

h) Vieillir

2-Fill in the blanks with à, au, à la, en, chez

I. Je vais ---Inde, --- Delhi, ---- des amis.

II. Il va -----concert, ---- opera.

III. Je vias-------le dentist.

IV. -----Japon

3- Fill in the blank with the given adjective and prepositions (beau,Souriante,

grande,grand méchante,dans,devant) in the following sentences-

a) Il est ------garcon.

b) Elle est ------ fille.

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c) Elle est ------femme.

d) Rakesh est -------homme.

e) Shalini est ---------.

f) Il est --------- la rue,

g) Je suis -------- la maison

3.7 GLOSSARY

Second Group of Regular Verbs: Regular verbswith infinitives ending in -ir form

thesecond group of regular verbs in Frenchand it is the second-largest category of

French verbs. These verbs are also referred to as 'second conjugation' verbs.

Prepositionsof Place: One of the eight French parts of speech, prepositions are the

essential words which are placed after a verb, noun or adjective in order to indicate a

relationship between that word and the noun or pronoun that follows. Many French

prepositions have more than one English equivalent, depending on how they are used

 and vice versa.

3.8 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1.See 3.2

Check you Progress - 2

1.See 3.3

2.See 3.4 and 3.5

3.See 3.4 and 3.5

3.9 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READINGS

 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of

Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .

 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,

Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi

 Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry

 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.

Delhi.

 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,

Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

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 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.

 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.

 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book

Centre,New Delhi.

 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris

 Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans

Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE

INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.

 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel

Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &

Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.

Websites:

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)

https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/

https://www.frenchtoday.com

https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

3.10 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1.Describe a place in French.

2.Explain thesecond group of verbs of French.

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UNIT: 04

VOCABULARY

STRUCTURE:

4.1 Objectives

4.2 Conjugation of Irregular Verbs in Present Tense.

4.3 Vocabulaire: Décrire Une Famille (Vocabulary: Describing A Family)

4.4 Name of Dairy Products and Cereals In French

4.5 Negation

4.6 Adjectifs Démonstratifs (Demonstrative Adjectives)

4.7 Simple Translation

4.8 (Oral)

4.9 Glossary

4.10 Answer to Check Your Progress

4.11 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings

4.12 Terminal Questions

4.1 OBJECTIVE

After reading this unit you should be able to:

 To learn the conjugations of irregular verbs in French.

 To understand the Demonstrative Adjectives and how to make negation in

French.

 To know about name of the family relation and how to describe a family.

 To know the name of dairy products and cereals in French.

 To learn some simple translation and oral conversation in different situation.

4.2 CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS IN PRESENT TENSE

They are the third group of verbs and it includes all the irregular verbs. It can be

divided into following main sub-category:

1. verbs ending with -IR (like MOURIR,VENIR,TENIR);

2. verbs ending with -OIR (like RECEVOIR);

3. verbs ending with -RE (like RENDRE:);

4. ALLER even if it is terminated by -ER

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In the third group, verbs such as tenir ("to hold") and venir ("to come") and their

derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The remaining

irregular -ir verbs don't follow a pattern. Similarly, some verbs ending with -oir and -

re and their derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The

remaining irregular verbs ending with -ir ,-oir and -re ,don't follow a pattern. One has

to memorize the conjugations for each of the verbs separately. Conjugations of

various types of irregular verbs are given below:

1) Conjugation of irregular verb „Aller‟ (Togo)in present tense

Je vais ( I go )

Tu vas (You go )

Il va (He goes )

Elle va (She goes )

On va (We go )

Nous allons (We go )

Vous allez ( You go )

Ils vont ( They go )( Masculine)

Elles vont ( They go ) (Feminine)

2 )(a)Conjugation of irregular verb To come ) in present tense

Je viens ( I come )

Tu viens ( You come )

Il vient ( He comes )

Elle vient ( She comes )

On vient ( We come )

Nous venons ( We come )

Vous venez ( You come )

Ils viennent ( They come )

Elles viennent (They come )

(b)Conjugation of irregular verb „Tenir‟ (To hold ) in present tense

Je tiens ( Ihold)

Tu tiens ( You hold )

Il tient ( He holds )

Elle tient ( She holds )

On tient ( We hold)

Nous tenons ( We hold)

Vous tenez ( You hold )

Ils tiennent ( They hold )

Elles viennent ( They hold )

3 )(a)Conjugation of irregular verb „Lire‟ ( To read ) in present tense

Je lis ( I read )

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Tu lis (You read )

Il lit (He reads )

Elle lit ( She reads )

On lit (We read )

Nous lisons (We read )

Vous lisez ( You read )

Ils lisent ( They read )

Elles lisent (They read )

(b )Conjugation of irregular verb „Dire‟ ( To say ) in present tense

Je dis ( I say )

Tu dis ( you say )

Il dit ( he says )

Elle dit ( she says )

On dit ( we say )

Nous disons ( we say )

Vous dites ( you say )

Ils disent ( They say )

Elles disent They say )

(c )Conjugation of irregular verb „Interdire‟ (To prohibit)in present tense

J' interdis ( I prohibit )

Tu interdis ( You prohibit )

Il interdit ( He prohibits )

EIle interdit ( She prohibits )

On interdit ( We prohibit )

Nous interdisons ( We prohibit )

Vous interdites( You prohibit )

Ils interdisent ( They prohibit )

Elles interdisent ( they prohibit )

(d )Conjugation of irregular verb „Rire‟ ( To laugh )in present tense

Je ris ( I laugh )

Tu ris ( You laugh )

Il rit ( He laughs )

Elle rit (She laughs )

On rions ( We laugh )

Nous ions ( We laugh )

Vous iez ( You laugh )

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Ils rient (They laugh )

Elles rient ( They laugh )

(e )Conjugation of irregular verb„Vivre‟ ( To live )in present tense

Je vis ( I live )

Tu vis ( You live )

Il vit (He lives )

Elle vit ( She lives)

On vit ( We live )

Nous vivons ( We live )

Vous vivez ( You live )

Ils vivent ( They live )

Elles vivent ( They live )

4)(a) Conjugation of irregular verb“Prendre” (Totake) in present tense

Je prends ( I take )

Tu prends (You take )

Il prend (He takes )

Elle prend (She takes )

On prend (We take )

Nous prenons (We take )

Vous prenez (You take )

Ils Prennent ( They take )

Elles Prennent ( They take )

(b) Conjugation of irregular verb“Apprendre” ( To learn )in present tense

J'apprends ( I learn)

Tu apprends ( You learn)

Il apprend ( He learns)

Elle apprend ( She learns)

On apprend ( We learn)

Nous apprenons ( We learn)

Vous apprenez ( You learn)

Ils apprennent (They learn)

Elles apprennent (They learn)

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(c) Conjugation of irregular verb“Comprendre”(To understand )in present tense

Je comprends ( I understand )

Tu comprends (You understand )

Il comprend (He understands )

Elle comprend (She understands )

On comprend ( We understand )

Nous comprenons ( We understand )

Vous comprenez ( You understand )

Ils comprennent ( They understand )

Elles comprennent ( They understand )

(d)Conjugation of irregular verb“Attendre”( To expect )in present tense

J' attends ( I expect )

Tu attends (You expect )

Il attend (He expects )

Elle attend ( She expects)

On attend ( We expect )

Nous attendons ( We expect )

Vous attendez (You expect )

Ils attendent ( They expect )

Elles attendent ( They expect )

(e)Conjugation of irregular verb“Vendre”( To sell )in present tense

Je vends ( I sell )

Tu vends ( You sell )

Il vend (He sells )

Elle vend ( She sells )

On vend ( We sell )

Nous vendons ( We sell )

Vous vendez ( You sell )

Ils vendent ( They sell )

Elles vendent ( They sell )

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(f)Conjugation of irregular verb“Mettre”( To put )in present tense

Je mets ( I put )

Tu mets ( You put )

Il met ( He put )

Elle met ( She put )

On met ( We put )

Nous mettons ( We put )

Vous mettez ( You put )

Ils mettent ( They put )

Elles mettent( They put )

(5)Conjugation of irregular verb“Peindre ”( Topaint)in present tense

Je peins ( I paint )

Tu peins ( You paint )

Il peint ( He paints )

Elle peint ( She paints )

On peint( We paint )

Nous peignons ( We paint )

Vous peignez ( YouPaint )

Ils peignent ( They paint )

Elles peignent ( They paint )

(6) (a)Conjugation of irregular verb“Vouloir ”( To want )in present tense

Je veux ( I want )

Tu veux ( You want )

Il veut (He wants )

Elle veut (She wants )

On veut (We want )

Nous voulons (We want )

Vous voulez ( You want )

Ils veulent ( They want )

Elles veulent ( They want )

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(b)Conjugation of irregular verb“Pouvoir ”( Can)in present tense

Je peux ( I can )

Tu peux (You can )

Il peut (He can )

Elle peut (She can )

On peut (We can )

Nous pouvons (We can )

Vous pouvez (You can )

Ils peuvent ( They can )

Elles peuvent ( They can )

(7) (a)Conjugation of irregular verb“Boire ”( To drink)in present tense

Je bois ( I drink )

Tu bois (You drink )

Il boit (He drinks)

Elle boit (She drinks)

On boit (We drink )

Nous buvons (We drink )

Vous buvez (You drink )

Ils boivent (They drink )

Elles boivent (They drink )

(b)Conjugation of irregular verb“Voir ”( To see)in present tense

Je vois ( I see )

Tu vois ( You see )

Il voit (He see )

Elle voit (She see )

On voit (We see )

Nous voyons ( We see )

Vous voyez (You see)

Ils voient (They see )

Elles voient ( They see )

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(c)Conjugation of irregular verb“Prévoir ”( To foresee)in present tense

Je prévois ( Iforesee )

Tu prévois ( Youforesee )

Il prévoit ( He foresees )

Elle prévoit ( She foresees )

On prévoit ( We foresee )

Nous prévoyons ( Weforesee)

Vous prévoyez ( Youforesee)

Ils prévoient ( Theyforesee )

Elles prévoient ( Theyforesee )

(8) Conjugation of irregular verb“Savoir”( To know)in present tense

Je sais ( I know )

Tu sais ( You know )

Il sait ( He knows )

Elle Sait ( She knows )

On sait ( We know )

Nous savons ( We know )

Vous savez ( You know )

Ils savent ( They know )

Elles savent ( They know )

(9) Conjugation of irregular verb“S'asseoir”( To sit)in present tense

Je m'assieds ( I sit )

Tu t' assieds ( you sit )

Il s'assied ( he sit )

Elle s'assied ( she sit)

On s'assied ( we sit )

Nous nous asseyons ( we sit )

Vous vous asseyez ( you sit )

Ils s' asseyent ( they sit )

Elles s' asseyent ( They sit )

(10) Conjugation of irregular verb“Devoir”(must)in present tense

Je dois ( I must )

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Tu dois ( Youmust )

Il doit ( Hemust )

Elles doit ( Shemust )

On doit ( Wemust )

Nous devons ( Wemust )

Vous devez ( Youmust)

Ils doivent ( Theymust )

Elles doivent (They must )

(11)Conjugation of irregular verb“Faire”( To do )in present tense

Je fais ( I do )

Tu fais (You do)

Il fait (He does )

Elle fait (She does)

On fait (We do)

Nous faisons (We do )

Vous faites (You do )

Ils font (They do) Masculine

Elles font (They do) Feminine

(12)Conjugation of irregular verb“Conduire”( To drive )in present tense

Je conduis ( I drive )

Tu conduis ( You drive )

Il conduit ( He drives )

Elle conduit ( She drives )

On conduit ( We drive )

Nous conduisons ( We drive )

Vous conduisez (You drive )

Ils conduisent ( They drive )

Elles conduisent ( They drive )

(13)Conjugation of irregular verb“Croire”( Tobelieve )in present tense

Je crois ( I believe )

Tu crois ( You believe )

Il croit ( He believes )

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Ells croit ( She believes )

On croit ( We believe )

Nous croyons ( We believe )

Vous croyez ( You believe )

Ils croient ( They believe )

Elles croient ( They believe )

(14) Conjugation of irregular verb“Connaitre”( Toknow )in present tense

Je connais ( I know )

Tu connais ( You know )

Il connait ( He knows )

Elle connait ( She knows )

On connait ( We know )

Nous connaissons ( We know )

Vous connaissez ( You know )

Ils connaissent ( They know )

Elles connaissent ( They know )

4.3. Vocabulaire :Décrire Une Famille (Vocabulary: Describing A Family)

En Anglais (In English)

En Français (In French)

Mother

Mère

Father

Père

Grand parents

Grand-parents

Paternal Grandfather

Grand-père paternel

Paternal Grandmother

Grand-mère paternelle

Maternal Grandmother

Grand-mère maternelle

Maternal Grandfather

Grand-père maternel

Husband

Mari

Wife

femme

Son

Le Fils

Daughter

La Fille

Brother

Frère

Sister



Father in law/ Step father

Beau-père

Step mother, Mother in law

Belle-mère

Brother in law

Beau frère

Sister in law

Belle soeur

Male Cousin

Cousin

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Female Cousin

Cousine



Petit-fils (fils du fils)



Petit-fils (fils de fille)



Petite-fille (fille du fils)

Gran

Petite-fille (fille de fille)

Sister's Husband







Niece)

Nièce

Nephew

Neveu





Uncle

Oncle

Aunt

Tante



Le frère de mère



La femme du frère de la mère









Brother's Wife

La femme de frère



Le fils du frère

Brother

La Fille du frère

Son in Law

Beau fils

Daughter in Law

Belle-fille

Husband's Sister

Soeur de mari

Husband's (younger) Brother

Mari (plus jeune) frère

Husband's (younger) Brother's Wife

Épouse du frère (plus jeune)

Wife's Sister

 l'épouse



Le frère de l'épouse

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Figure 1: The Gupta's Family

Savita Gupta

(Grand Mother of

Subhash & Sarita and

Mother of Kavita &

Sunil )

Dinesh Gupta

(Grand Father of

Subhash & Sarita and

Father of Kavita &

Sunil )

Kavita Bansal

(Sister of Sunil ,

Daughter of Dinesh &

Savita and Mother of

Jyoti & Nitin )

Jyoti Bansal

(cousins’ Subhash

Gupta or Sarita Gupta

and daughter of Kavita

Bansal)

Nitin Bansal

(cousins’ Subhash

Gupta or Sarita Gupta

and son of Kavita

Bansal)

Sunil Gupta

(Son of Savita &

Dinesh,Husband of

Rashmi, Father of

Subhash & Sarita )

Subhash Gupta

(Son of Sunil Gupta and

Rashmi Goyal)

Pooja Goyal

(Grand Mother of

Subhash & Sarita and

Mother of Rashmi

Goyal & Ramesh Goyal)

Rashmi

(Wife of Sunil, Mother

of Subhash & Sarita )

Sarita Gupta

(Doughter of Sunil

Gupta and Rashmi

Goyal)

Ramesh Goyal

(Brother of

Rashmi,Uncle Subhash

& Sarita and Father of

Sandeep & Priya)

Sandeep Goyal

(cousin of Subhash &

Sarita and Son of

Ramesh Goyal

Priya Goyal

(cousins’ of Subhash

Gupta or Sarita Gupta

and Daughter of

Ramesh Goyal

Vipin Goyal

(Grand Father of

Subhash & Sarita and

Father of Rashmi Goyal

& Ramesh Goyal)

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Figure 2: La Famille Gupta's

Savita Gupta

Mère de Sunil et Kavita

Grand-père de Subash

et Sarita

Dinesh Gupta

Père de Sunil,et Kavita

Grand-mère de

Subash et Sarita

Kavita Bansal

Sœur de Sunil,

La fille de Savita et

Dinesh

Jyoti Bansal

Sœur de Nitin ,

La fille de Kavita

Nitin Bansal

Frère de Jyoti,

Le Fils de Kavita

Sunil Gupta

Mari de Rashmi

Père de Subash et

Sarita

Subhash Gupta

Frère de Sarita,,

Le Fils de Sunit et

Rashmi

Pooja Goyal

Mère de Rashmi,

Grand-mère de

Subash et Sarita

Rashmi

femme de Sunil

Mère de Subash et

Sarita

Sarita Gupta

Sœur de Subash

La Fille de Sunit et

Rashmi

Ramesh Goyal

Frère de Rashmi,

Le fils de Pooja et

Vipin

Sandeep Goyal

Frère de Priya,

Le fils de Ramesh

Priya Goyal

Sœur de Sandeep,

La fille de Ramesh

Vipin Goyal

Père de Rashmi,

Grand-père de

Subash et Sarita

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Describe your family (Les Guptas Famille):

1.Subhash Gupta et Sarita Gupta sont les enfants de Sunil et Rashmi.

( Subhash Gupta and Sarita Gupta are the children of Sunil and Rashmi)

2.Subash est le fils et Sarita est la fille de Sunil et Rashmi.

( Subhash is the son and Sarita is the daughter of Sunil and Rashmi.)

3. Sunil est le père et Rashmi est la mère de Subash et Sarita..

(Sunil is the father and Rashmi is the mother of Subash and Sarita.)

4. Subash est le frère de Sarita et Sarita est la soeur de Subash.

.(Subash is the brother of Sarita and Sarita is the sister of Subash.)

5.Sunil Gupta et Rashmi sont les parents de Subash et Sarita

.( SunilGupta and Rashmi are the parents of Subhash and Sarita )

6. Sunil Gupta et Kavita sont les enfants de Dinesh et Savita.

(SunilGupta and Kavita are the children of Dinesh and Savita )

7. Sunil est le frère de Kavita et Kavita est la soeur deSunil..

(Sunil is the brother of Kavita and Kavita is the sister of Sunil.)

8. Dinesh et Savita sont les parents de Sunil Gupta et Kavita.

(Dineshand Savitaare the parents of Sunil Gupta and Kavita )

9.Kavita est la tante de Subhash et Sarita et elle est la belle soeur de Rashmi.

(Kavita is the aunt of Subash and Sarita and sister-in-law of Rashmi.)

10.. Dinesh et Savita sont les Grand-parents paternal des enfants, Subhash et Sarita .

(Dinesh and Savitaare the paternal grand parents of Subash and Sarita).

11. Dinesh est le grand-père paternal and Savita est la Grand-mère paternelle des enfants,

Subhash et Sarita .

(Dinesh is the paternal grand father and Savitais the paternal grand mother of

children,Subash and Sarita).

12. Dinesh est le beau-père de Rashmi et Savita est la belle-mère de Rashmi.

(Dinesh is the father-in-law and Savitais the mother-in-law of Rashmi)

13.Rashmi est la belle fille de Dinesh et Savita..

(Rashmi is the daughter-in-law of Dineshand Savita)

14.Nitin et Jyoti sont les enfants de Kavita..

( Nitinand Jyoti are the children of Kavita)

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15.Nitin est le frère de Jyoti et Jyoti est la soeur de Nitin.

.(Nitin is the brother of Jyoti and Jyoti is the sister of Nitin.)

16.Nitin est le cousin de Subhash et Sarita.(Nitin is the cousin brother of Subash and

Sarita)

17.Jyoti est la cousine de Subhash et Sarita..(Jyoti is the cousin sister of Subash and

Sarita)

18. Dinesh et Savita sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfants, Nitin et Jyoti.

(Dinesh and Savitaare the maternal grand parents of Nitinand Jyoti.)

19.Pooja et Vipin sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfents Subash et Sarita; les

Grand-parents paternal des enfants Sandeep et Priya et les parents de Rashmi et Ramesh .

(Poojaand Vipin are the maternal grand parents of the children Subash and Sarita;paternal

grand parentsof Sandeep and Priya and parents of Rashmi and Ramesh.)

20. Vipin est le beau-père de Sunil et Pooja est la belle-mère de Sunil.

(Vipinis the father-in-law and Poojais the mother-in-law of Sunil)

21.Sunil est le beau frère de Ramesh.

(Sunil is the brother-in-law of Ramesh.)

4.4 NAME OF DAIRY PRODUCTS AND CEREALS IN FRENCH

Nom Des Porgaines Laitiers (Name of Dairy Products)

En Anglais (In English)

En Français (In French)

le lait

Milk

le fromage

Cheese

le lait entier

whole milk

le lait de vache



le lait écrémé

skimmed milk

le lait demi-écrémé

semi-skimmed milk

le carton de lait

milk carton

le lait condensé

condensed milk

le lait de chèvre

ilk

le fromage à crème

cream cheese

le fromage à pâté

soft cheese

le bleu

blue cheese

le fromage à pâté

semi-hard cheese

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le fromage râpé

grated cheese

le fromage à pâté

hard cheese

le fromage à pâté semi-molle

semi-soft cheese

fromage blanc

cottage cheese

le fromage frais

fresh cheese

le beurre

Butter

la crème

Cream

la margarine

Margarine

la crème allégée

single cream

la crème épaisse

double cream

la crème fouettée

whipped cream

le yaourt

Yoghurt

la glace

ice-cream

le lait pasturisé

pasteurized milk

le lait non-pasteurisé

unpasteurized milk

le milk-shake

Milkshake

le yaourt surgelé

frozen yoghurt

le lait de brebis



le babeurre

Buttermilk

le lactose

Lactose

le lait homogénéisé

homogenised milk

le lait en poudre

powdered milk

sans matières

grasses fat-free

Nom de cereals (Name of Cereals)

En Anglais (In English)

En Français (In French)

Barley Groats



Broken Wheat

Blé cassé

Buckwheat

sarrasin

Chia Seeds

graines de chia

Cornflakes

flocons de maïs

Cracked Wheat

blé concassé

Durum Wheat

Blé dur

Flaked rice

Riz en flocons

Macaroni

Maize

Maïs

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Millet

Oat

Avoine

Pearl Millet

Millet De Perle

Pot Barley

Orge mondé

Puffed rice / Rice Bubbles

Riz soufflé

Ragi

Rice

Riz

Rice Flakes

Flocons de riz

Sago

Sagou

Semolina

La semoule

Sorghum

Sorgho

Spelt

Orthographié

Tapioca (Cassava)Starch Balls

Boules d'amidon de tapioca (manioc)

Vermicelli

Vermicelle

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – 1

1 .Write the Conjugation of irregular verbs : Venir & Aller

2. Write the name of the following relationship in French

Mother

Father

Grand Father

Grand Mother

Son

Daughter

Brother

Sister

Father-inlaw

Mother-in-law

Brother-in-law

Sister-in-law

Uncle

Aunty

3. Write the name of the following dairy products in French:

a. Yogurt

b. 

c. Goat’s milk

d. Sheep’s milk

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e. Skimmed milk

f. Condensed milk

g. Pasteurized milk

4. Write the name of the following dairy products in English:

a. Lait

b. Beurre

c. Fromage

d. Crème

e. Crème fouetée

5.Write the name of the following cereals dairy products in French:

Barley Groats

Broken Wheat

Cornflakes

Cracked Wheat

Durum Wheat

Flaked rice

Maize

4.5 NEGATION

To make a sentence negative in French one has to use two negative terms. The first one is

"ne" (or "n' " if the word begins with a vowel) and the second most commonone is "pas"

or others like "plus", "rien", "jamais", "personne".In most cases for turning a positive

 when



"plus", "rien", "jamais", instead of "pas".

 -

(ne + verb + pas formula.)

Je ne mange pas ce soir. -

Vous ne venez pas demain. -

Je ne parle pas -I do not speak.

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4.6 ADJECTIFS DÉMONSTRATIFS (DEMONSTRATIVE

ADJECTIVES)

Demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate a specific noun or nouns. In French, they

agree with the noun(s) in number and gender.

In French there are three singular demonstrative adjectives.

1.Masculine: Ce (this, that)

It is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a consonant.

2.Masculine in front of a vowel: Cet (this, that)

It is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a vowel.

3.Feminine: Cette (this, that)

It is used before a feminine singular noun.

Par exemple:

Ce livre-This/That book

Cet homme- This/That man

Cette chaise- This/That chair

Je vais à cet hôtel- 

Ce livre est très bon.- This/That book is very good

Je vais acheter cette chaise- 

There is only one plural demonstrative adjective: Ces.(These/Those)

It is used before a masculine or feminine noun in the plural.

Ces chaises- those chairs

Je vais acheter ces chaises. -I am going to buy these/those chairs.

4.7 SIMPLE TRANSLATION

Subject-

Je- I

Tu- You

Il/Elle- He/She

Nous- We

Vous-You (Plural)

Ils/Elles- They (Plural)

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Rule for Making a sentence in French:

Subject + Verb + Objects

1- My Name is Roland Brunot.



2-He is Vikalp Tripathi.



3- She is journalist

Elle est journaliste.

Some sentence start with there is/ there are (Il y a)

1- There is a boy in the room.

Il y a un garçondans la chamber.

2- There are some tables in the room.

Il y a des tables dans la chamber.

3-Voici

Here is/ Here are

4- Voila

There is/ There are

5- Le voici

Here he is.

6- La voici

Here she is.

7- Le voila

There he is

8- La voila

There She is

9- Les voila

There they are

10- Le garçon est jeune.

The boy is young.

11- L’homme est jeune.

The man is young

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12- Les femmes sont jeunes.

The women are young.

13- La petite fillle est intelligent.

The little girl is intelligent.

14- Three and six are nine.

Trois et six font neuf.

Où est means where is

Où sont means where are

1-Où est le garçon?

Where is the boy?

2-Où est la fille?

Where is the girl?

3-Où sont les cahiers?

Where are the notebooks?

4.8 (ORAL CONVERSATION)

Dialogue-1

Small Conversation between Waiter and client (In French)

Garçon- Bonjour, monsieur.

Ashish- Bonjour.

Garçon--ce-que vous voulez?

Ashish-Je veux un café.

Garçon- Voila votre café, monsieur.

Ashish-Merci bien

Garçon- Derien.

(In English)

Waiter- Good Morning, Mr.

Ashish-Good Morning

Waiter- What do you want?

Ashish-Je want coffee .

Waiter- Here is your coffee

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Ashish-- Thank you very much

Waiter- You are welcome.

Dialogue-2

Small Conversation between Réceptionist and client (In French)

Réceptionnaire: Bon après midi, monsieur Gabriel.

M.Gabriel: Bon après midi, Où est ma voiture?

Réceptionnaire: Oui, monsieur. Regardez voila, il est votre chauffeur.

M.Gabriel: Merci bien, à bientôt.

Réceptionnaire: Bon voyage.

(In English)

Réceptionist: Good Afternoon, Gabriel sir.

M.Gabriel: Good Afternoon, where is my vehicle.

Réceptionist: Look at there, he is your driver.

M.Gabriel: Thank you, see you soon

Réceptionist: Happy journey

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Dialogue-3

Small Conversation between Receptionist and client on reception counter(In

French).

M. Raphael: Bonjour, Nous avons Deux reservation.

Réceptionnaire: Bonjour plait?

M. Raphael: Raphael

Réceptionnaire: Pardon monsieur, pouvez vous épeler votre nom?

M. Raphael: R, A, P, H, A, E, L

Réplait! c'est correct. Deux chamber pour quatre nuits.

M. Raphael: Oui, Nous avons besoin de la pièce.

Réceptionnaire: Bien, Vous avez la chamber au dernier étage

(In English)

M. Raphael: Good Morning, we have two reservations.

Réceptionist: Good Morning sir, name, please?

M. Raphael: Raphael

Réceptionist: Excuse me sir, can you spell your name please?

M. Raphael: R, A, P, H, A, E, L

Réceptionist: An instant, please! This is correct, two rooms for four nights

M. Raphael: Yes, we need peaceful room.

Réceptionist: Ok, You have the room on Second floor.

Dialogue-4

Small Conversation between Receptionist and client(In French).

M. Georges: Bonjour, parlez vous anglais?

Réceptionnaire: Bonjour monsieur, Oui, Je parle anglais, Peux je vous aider?

M. Georges: Je voudrais deux chambre, pour deux homme.

Réceptionnaire: Avez Vous une reservation?

M. Georges: Non

Réceptionnaire: Combien de jour est-ce que vous voulez rester?

M. Georges: Trois Jours.

Réceptionnaire: Bien

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M. Georges: Quel est le prix?

Réceptionnaire: 6000 Rs plus les taxes, pour trois jours.



(In English)

M. Georges: Good Morning, are you speaking English.

Réceptionist: Good Morning sir, Yes, I speaking English. May I help you?

M. Georges: I want two rooms for two men.

Réceptionist: Have you reservation.

M. Georges: No

Réceptionist: For how many days you want to stay?

M. Georges: Three Days

Réceptionist: Ok.

M. Georges: What is the price ( How many rupees we have to pay)?

Réceptionist: 6000 Rs with tax, for three days.

M. Georges: Agreed.

Dialogue-5

Conversationfor Booking anAir Ticket(In French).

M. Utkarsh: Bonsoir, Je m’appelle Utkarsh.

Employé: Bonsoir monsieur, Ce qui peut je faire pour vous?

M. Utkarsh: J'aime réserver une place sur un avion de Delhi à Paris.

Employé: Quelle date et quelle heure, s'il vous plaît ?

M. Utkarsh: Je voudrais voyager le 15 Mars, le soir.

Employé: Dans quelle la classe voulez-vous voyager des affaires ou une économie ?

M. Utkarsh: Je voudrais la classe d'affaires avec la place de fenêtre

Employé: Tiendrez-vous, s'il vous plaît ? Oui, il y a le vol direct de Delhi à Paris.

M. Utkarsh: 

Employé: Derien

(In English)

M. Utkarsh: Good evening, myself Utkarsh.

Employee: What can i do for you?

M. Utkarsh: I like to book a seat on a plane from delhi to paris

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Employee: What date and what time, please?

M. Utkarsh: I would like to travel on 15th March, in the evening.

Employee: In which class do you want to travel business or economy?

M. Utkarsh: I would like business class with window seat

Employee: Will you hold, please?Yes there is direct flight from delhi to paris.

M. Utkarsh: Agree, Thanks

Employee: You are welcome

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1-Change the following sentences in to negative sentences:

I. Je travaille.

II. 

III. Je suis libre.

IV. Je connais bien.

V. Je veux manger.

VI. La maison est grande.

VII. Je veux aller au cinéma.

2- Fill the blank with demonstrative adjectives.

-----femme.

----- garçon.

C ) ----- homme est grand .

------ patalon.

3-Translate following sentences in to French:

a. My name is Utkarsh verma.

b. I can speak French language.

c. I love you.

d. Jyoti is a beautiful and intelligent girl.

e. Rishikesh is a good boy.

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4-Translate following sentences in to English:

I. Je deteste vous.

II. 

III. Pooja et Vipin sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfents Subash et Sarita

IV. Vipin est le beau-père de Sunil et Pooja est la belle-mère de Sunil.

V. Sunil est le beau frère de Ramesh.

4.9 GLOSSARY

IRREGULAR VERBS: They are the third group of verb and it includes all those

verbsending with -ir ,-oir and -re ,which don't follow a set pattern of conjugation.

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: They are used to indicate a specific noun or

nouns. In French, they agree with the noun(s) in number and gender.

4.10 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1. See 4.2

2.See 4.3

3.See 4.4

4.See 4.4

5.See 4.4

Check you Progress - 2

1. See 4.5

2. See 4.6

3. See 4.7

4.See 4.7

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

Uttarakhand Open University 91

4.11 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READINGS

 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of Cambridge:

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .

 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,

Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi

 Catherine Lobo & Sonali Jadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry

 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd. Delhi.

 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,

Palgrave Machmillan Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.

 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.

 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book

Centre,New Delhi.

 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris

 Philippe Dominique, Michéle Verdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans

Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris

and f b c,,New Delhi.

 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, Michéle Verdelhan and Michel

Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &

Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave Machmillan

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave Machmillan

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.

Websites:

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)

https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/

https://www.frenchtoday.com

https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

Uttarakhand Open University 92

4.12 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1- Describe your family members explaining the relationship.

2- Write ten dairy products and ten cereals in French.

3- What is demonstrative adjective? Define with appropriate example.

4- Present aconversation between the client and hotel staff.