CHAPTER 6
Manicuring
Welcome to manicuring! The
manicure is the foundation for all
services you will perform in your nail
technology career. The implements
and tools you will use in the basic
manicure will be the same that you
will use on almost every client who
ever sits at your table. The skills you
will learn in this chapter will be the
basis for all you will be able to do in
your career, so get ready!
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126 PART 2 Nail Services
Explain Why you Should Learn about Manicuring
SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain why the information in this chapter, Manicuring, is important to you.
List the Services that Are Included in your
State’s Scope of Practice for Nail Technicians
SHORT ANSWER
2. Answer the following questions in a few sentences.
What is meant by the phrase “scope of practice” as it relates to the role of a nail technician?
What are the possible outcomes if a nail technician performs services outside of the state’s scope
of practice?
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Describe the Equipment Needed
to Perform Nail Services
TRUE OR FALSE
3. Indicate whether the following statement about equipment is True (T) or False (F). If the
statement is false, provide an explanation as to why it is incorrect.
T F Implements and equipment are the same, and the terms can be used interchangeably.
Rationale:
Manicure Table & Adjustable Lamp & Chairs
TRUE OR FALSE
4. Indicate whether the following statements about equipment are True (T) or False (F).
If the statement is false, provide an explanation as to why it is incorrect.
T F Manicure tables cannot have shelving or drawers; implements and tools should be
stored elsewhere.
Rationale:
T F Keep the manicure table free of clutter.
Rationale:
T F The manicure table should be made of a material that is durable enough to be
cleaned or disinfected after every client.
Rationale:
T F Only table lamps with incandescent bulbs should be used in the salon.
Rationale:
T F Be mindful of the wattage of incandescent bulbs; if it is too high, it
may create temperatures that cure nail enhancement products too quickly.
Rationale:
T F Chairs for clients should ideally have wheels, armrests, and backrests for client comfort.
Rationale:
Fun Fact
The word “manicure” comes from the French word manicure,
which means “care of the hands.”
Source: https://www.etymonline.com/word/manicure
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128 PART 2 Nail Services
SHORT ANSWER
5. While learning about the table, chair, and lamp that you use as a nail technician may seem very
straightforward, there are a few things that you must be aware of to avoid unintentional injury to
both you and your clients. What are some guidelines or considerations about each of these items
to keep in mind to stay safe and comfortable?
Finger Bowl & Disinfection Container
TRUE OR FALSE
6. Indicate whether the following statements about equipment are True (T) or False (F).
T F Finger bowls can be made of almost any durable and easy-to-clean material.
T F Disinfection containers should be able to fit several service sets of implements,
completely immersed.
COLLAGE
7. Use the Internet or your own collection to find various examples of finger bowls that are available
and appropriate for use in the nail salon. Find at least three examples and include a brief descrip-
tion of why the finger bowl is appropriate. Assemble the collage either on a separate sheet of
paper or digitally.
Client’s Arm Cushion & Service Cushion
TRUE OR FALSE
8. Indicate whether the following statements about equipment are True (T) or False (F).
T F You should have an arm cushion for your client that is made from a material that can
be easily cleaned and disinfected.
T F A rolled-up towel could also be used as an arm cushion.
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SHORT ANSWER
9. How are service cushions and client cushions similar? How are they different?
Gauze and Cotton Wipe Container &
Covered Trash Containers & Supply Tray
TRUE OR FALSE
10. Indicate whether the following statements about equipment are True (T)
or False (F).
T F The containers that gauze and cotton wipes are kept in should be lidless for ease of
access during service.
T F Trash cans and containers in the salon must be covered or have lids.
T F A good idea for the nail technician is to place all polishes, removers, and creams on
one tray that can be moved from storage to table in one movement.
COLLAGE
11. Use the Internet or your own collection to find examples of the various containers that
would be appropriate for use in your setup at the nail salon. Find at least two examples
each of gauze and cotton wipe containers, trash cans, and supply trays. Also include a brief
description of what each picture is. Assemble the collage either on a separate sheet of paper
or digitally.
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130 PART 2 Nail Services
Electric Nail Polish Dryer & UV or LED Light
Units & Autoclave
TRUE OR FALSE
12. Indicate whether the following statements about equipment are True (T) or False (F).
T F Electric nail polish dryers usually have a heater and a fan to speed up drying time.
T F LED or UV lamps are helpful for curing nail polishes that have an ingredient that is
sensitive to UVA wavelength.
T F An autoclave is another type of device that can speed up the drying/curing time for
polishes.
T F Heat, steam, and pressure combine to sterilize implements in an autoclave.
T F The autoclave must remain at the optimal point of heat, pressure, and steam for at
least 60 minutes in order to achieve the desired result.
T F Electric UV sterilizers are the best option for disinfecting implements in the nail
salon.
SHORT ANSWER
13. Answer the following questions in a few sentences.
How do nail polish dryers and UV/LED light units differ in function?
What is the importance of an autoclave?
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Electric Hand/Foot Mitts & Terry Cloth Mitts
& Paraffin Treatment
TRUE OR FALSE
14. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
T F Electric mitts for the hands and feet are a standard, necessary piece of equipment
for every nail service.
T F Terry cloth mitts may be used during a service that uses a penetrating conditioning
treatment.
T F Paraffin treatments are extra services or included in upscale spa services to help
enhance moisture in the skin.
COLLAGE
15. Use the Internet or your own collection to find pictures of various products and equipment
that can be used for conditioning, moisturizing, or otherwise pampering treatments in the nail
salon. Organize your collage into clusters of images for different treatments incorporating the
use of terry cloth mitts and rich moisturizing lotions for manicures or a tub of paraffin wax and
disposable bags for the client’s feet for pedicures. Make sure to include a label identifying the
treatment and what is shown in the images. Assemble the collage either on a separate sheet
of paper or digitally.
Ventilation System
TRUE OR FALSE
16. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
T F Special ventilation systems should be used in the nail salon or spa to help customers
and employees from being overexposed to vapors and dust.
T F In lieu of a fancy ventilation system, a salon may have multiple windows and fans to
circulate air appropriately.
T F There are several options for ventilation systems in the salon, ranging from local
exhaust systems to ventilated tables to portable downdraft vent machines.
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132 PART 2 Nail Services
SHORT ANSWER
17. What is the most effective way to ensure safe working conditions in the nail salon when it comes
to ventilation? What is not sufficient?
List Types of Multiuse and Single-Use
Implements Used During Nail Services
FILL IN THE BLANK
18. Complete the following sentences with the correct term.
Multiuse implements must be cleaned and between clients.
Implements that cannot be adequately cleaned between clients and must be thrown away are
referred to as
implements.
Implements made of materials like stainless steel are usually considered
implements.
Types of Multiuse Implements
COLLAGE
19. Imagine that you are setting up your station at a new nail salon. Using photos from magazines,
websites, or your personal collection, assemble a collage that shows all the multiuse implements
needed to perform nail services. Assemble the collage either on a separate piece of paper or
digitally.
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MATCHING
20. Match the implement to its description or function. Some terms may be used more
than once.
WORD BANK:
Metal pusher Nail clipper Nail nipper Tweezers
Can remove implements from disinfectant solution
Shortens the free edge of the nail quickly
Gently scrapes tissue from the natural nail plate
Can save filing time during service if client’s nails are too long
Used to trim dead skin away from nails
Can lift small bits of debris from nail plate
Should be held properly with thumb on one handle and three fingers
around the other, and index finger on box joint
Should be held at a 20- to 30-degree angle from nail plate
Has a spoon-shaped end
Single-Use Implements
FILL IN THE BLANK
21. Complete the following statements about implements used for nail services using words from the
word bank. Some words may not be used!
WORD BANK:
Stronger
Monomer
Wooden
Four
Alcohol
Nail brush
Dappen dish
Discarded
Primer
Oxygen
Water
Disposable
If a brush or applicator cannot be properly cleaned before use on another client, it should be
.
Nail polish brushes are stored in polish, which is
-free and
-free.
A
pusher can be used to clean under the free edge of the nail.
A
can be used in a number of ways, but depending on whether it is synthetic
or natural, will need to be discarded or disinfected after each use.
If a synthetic nail brush is used with a nail polish, primer, or
, it does not need to
be disinfected after each use.
When using a disposable application brush along with a nail oil or treatment, you should use a
to hold the amount of product you will need for the entire application.
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134 PART 2 Nail Services
COLLAGE
22. Imagine that you are setting up your station at a new nail salon. Using photos from magazines,
websites, or your personal collection, assemble a collage that shows all the single-use imple-
ments needed to perform nail services. Assemble the collage either on a separate piece of paper
or digitally.
Describe the Materials Used During Nail Services
FILL IN THE BLANK
23. Complete the following sentence.
Materials and supplies used for nail services are not considered
and therefore
must be replaced before every client.
Gloves & Dust Masks
SHORT ANSWER
24. What materials should nail technicians use during service to keep themselves safe and protected
from harmful microbes or chemicals, and how should these materials be used?
FILL IN THE BLANK
25. Complete the following sentences about protective materials that the nail technician should use
during service.
dust masks will protect the nail technician from chemicals, but not from
.
is specialized clothing or equipment worn by the
employee that serves to protect the technician from microbe exposure during service.
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A new set of
must be donned for each client, and sometimes changed during
service, especially if the same client receives both a manicure and a pedicure.
A
should be worn when buffing or filing the nails to prevent inhalation of
particles.
The government organization that provides rules and guidelines for employee safety and
protection in the nail salon is
.
It is important that nail technicians
after removing gloves and before
putting on a new set of gloves during the same appointment.
Abrasive Nail Files and Buffers & Two-Way or
Three-Way Buffer
SHORT ANSWER
26. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
List the three types of abrasives and explain what differentiates them and what they are used for.
Describe what a two- or three-way buffer is and what it is used for.
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136 PART 2 Nail Services
COLLAGE
27. Look on the Internet or in your personal collection to find images depicting the various types of
abrasives used in the salon. Make sure to find an image that illustrates the various grit levels and
images that represent what they can be used for; label and describe each. Assemble the collage
either on a separate piece of paper or digitally.
Single-Use or Terry Cloth Towels & Gauze,
Cotton Balls, Pledgets, or Plastic-Backed
Pads & Plastic, Wooden, or Metal Spatulas
SHORT ANSWER
28. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
Discuss the various types of paper or fabric/fiber products that a nail technician should have
available for services.
What are spatulas and how are they used in the nail salon or spa?
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FILL IN THE BLANK
29. Complete the following sentences about materials that should be used by the nail technician
during service.
Gauze squares are also called
and have many uses in manicure services.
The color of terry cloth towels should ideally be
so that they can be
when washing between uses.
are convenient to use when removing a small amount of product from one
container to use for a client, therefore minimizing risk of contamination of products.
Disposable
towels can be thrown away and not laundered between uses.
Explain the Uses of Professional
Nail Products
FILL IN THE BLANK
30. Complete the following sentences. Some terms may not be used.
WORD BANK:
Illegal
Implements
Ingredients
Remove
Sanitary
Storage
Proper
of professional nail products is just as important as understanding how
to use them in service.
One aspect of proper use and storage of professional nail products is understanding the correct
way to
them from their containers in a manner.
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138 PART 2 Nail Services
Soap & Polish Remover & Nail Creams,
Lotions, and Oils & Cuticle Removers
DOUBLE PUZZLE
31. Unscramble the words using the clues provided and write them in the squares. You’ll see a num-
ber underneath some of the squares. Find the numbered square below and write that letter into
that square to reveal the secret message!
Clues/Answers:
Abbreviation for Occupational Safety and Health Administration:
Type of remover designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue on the nail plate:
Type of moisturizer designed to be absorbed into the nail:
Type of moisture that creams and oils seal in the skin:
Nail oils can aid in this for nails:
Nail polish remover with acetone makes this happen more quickly:
Nail technicians should do this to the cotton ball with the polish remover:
Ensure cuticle removers are not applied to this because they are caustic and irritating:
Answer:
AHSO
3
23
24
16 73729
28 21 32 42 538
27
19
17
13
1 2 3 1 4 5
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 31 38 39 31 40 41 18 10 42
6 7 8 91 10 11 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 19 20
15 35 26 6
39 18 22511
20 11030361231
4409
34
33
822
41 14
CETLICU
NILA OLI
DEMLUBRA
S
L
YEXIBLIIFT
IRNA
TVOAPOE
TUTRAES
A
VEIL NIKS
W
G
.
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 139
FILL IN THE BLANK
32. Complete the following statements about professional nail products by using words from the
word bank. Some words may not be used!
WORD BANK:
Free edge Liquid Nail cream Nail oils Dissolve Drying
pH Acidity Nail plate Acetone Matrix Bar
Glycerin Cuticle Sodium 10 30 Curing
Eponychium Water
soap should be used because soap can be a breeding ground
for bacteria.
is a solvent that may be included in polish removers.
A
is a product, meaning it is designed to seal the surface
around the nail and hold in subdermal moisture.
are absorbed into the and can increase nail flexibility and
moisturize the surrounding skin.
Cuticle removers should not be used for contact with the
, as they tend to have
a high
and can be irritating to the skin.
Cuticle removers often contain
or potassium hydroxide, as well as
or other moisturizing ingredients.
The difference between the effects of acetone-based and non-acetone-based nail polish
removers lies mostly in the speed with which they
nail enhancements.
Both types of nail polish remover are
to the cuticle.
A good rule of thumb for polish removal is to hold a remover-soaked cotton ball, gauze, etc.,
to the nail for seconds and then move it toward the
in a
strokingmotion.
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140 PART 2 Nail Services
Colored Polish, Enamel, Lacquer, or Varnish
& Gel Polish & Base Coat & Nail Hardener & Topcoat
&Nail Polish Dryer Products
FILL IN THE BLANK
33. Fill in the table below of the various topical nail products that the nail technician may use
during manicure services. Make sure to include descriptions and application methods of
each product.
Colored Polish,
Enamel, Lacquer,
or Varnish
Gel Polish
Base coat
Nail Hardener
Top coat
Nail polish dryer
products
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FILL IN THE BLANK
34. Complete the following statements about professional nail products by using words from
theword bank. Some words may not be used at all and some may be used more than
once.
WORD BANK:
Dry Two Nylon Absorbed Acrylic
Weak Four Staining Hybrid gel Cure
Methylene glycol Dimethyl urea Topcoat Base coat Shake
Manufacturer Discontinue Formaldehyde Collagen Protein
Nail polish dryer Quick-dry topcoats Nail hardener
All nail polishes contain
.
Nail polish is usually applied in
coats, plus a base and topcoat.
It is important to never
bottles of nail polish, as that can introduce bubbles and
cause an irregular application and appearance.
Gel polish uses a UV or LED light to
; it does not in the same
way that standard nail polish does.
A
polish is durable like gel but removes with the ease of polish.
A
promotes adhesion to the nail, whereas a prevents
chipping.
Base coats can prevent
, especially when used under a dark polish color.
A
can either be applied before the base coat or as a topcoat.
A common ingredient in
hardeners is .
Some nail hardeners contain reinforcing fibers, such as
that cannot
be
into the nail plate.
Nail hardeners do not contain
, but rather , which creates
cross-links between keratin strands in the natural nail.
Nail hardeners can be helpful for those with
or thin nails.
Always follow
instructions when using a nail hardener and
use when the desired effect has been achieved.
is another ingredient in some types of nail hardeners; it does not work as
quickly as other hardeners, but will not over-harden nails.
The main ingredient in a
is typically methacrylic or cellulose-type film formers.
use higher levels of solvent.
A
may be applied to speed up the dry time of nail polish.
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142 PART 2 Nail Services
Hand Creams and Lotions & Nail
Conditioners & Sunscreens
ESSAY
35. Describe various nail products that the nail technician can recommend to clients for home use to
maintain beautiful, healthy nails and prolong the life of their manicures.
FILL IN THE BLANK
36. Complete the following statements about professional nail products.
The finishing touch for a manicure can be
or because they
soften, smooth, and moisturize the hands, which makes a finished manicure look as beautiful as
possible.
Lotion is generally
penetrating than cream.
can reduce the brittleness of nails and be applied before bedtime.
The nail technician should encourage the client to use
every day to protect the
skin and prevent premature aging.
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Demonstrate the Basic Manicure Technique
TRUE OR FALSE
37. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
T F A manicure is defined as the cosmetic treatment of the hands that may involve
cutting, shaping, and/or polishing the nails as well as cuticle removal and skin
softening.
T F A basic manicure procedure should be completed in under 30 minutes.
T F There are three parts of a manicure: pre-service, service, and post-service procedures.
Three-Part Procedure
SEQUENCING
38. Put the steps for a pre-service procedure in order from 1 to 14.
Show your client to your manicure table; ensure client comfort before beginning the service.
�������� Position a cushion or a folded towel on the edge of the table in front of the client.
�������� Place a lint-free disposable cloth on the table.
�������� Clean and disinfect multiuse implements.
�������� Confirm the trash receptacle is available for disposing of used materials during your
service.
�������� Place the abrasives and buffers of your choice on the table.
�������� Fill a finger bowl with water and put your manicure brush next to it.
�������� Have your client wash and dry the hands.
�������� Wash your hands and begin the service.
�������� Clean and disinfect the manicure table and drawer with an EPA-approved
disinfectant.
�������� Greet your client and ask for the new client consultation card/sheet that was filled
out.
�������� Set out your tools and implements.
�������� Get your supplies out and put them on your table.
�������� Discuss the information on the consultation card with the client.
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144 PART 2 Nail Services
SEQUENCING
39. Put the steps for a post-service procedure in order from 1 to 6.
�������� Remove your products and tools and dispose of all used materials.
�������� Advise the client of proper home maintenance, including retail product suggestions
to maintain the client’s service, why these products are important, and how to use
them.
�������� Record service information, products used, observations, and retail recommenda-
tions on the client service form or computer record.
�������� Escort the client to the front desk to schedule the next appointment and so the
client can pay for the service.
�������� Thank the client for the business and mention that you will be looking forward to the
next visit.
�������� Clean and disinfect your work area.
The Manicure Consultation & Basic Nail Shapes
TRUE OR FALSE
40. Indicate whether each statement is True (T) or False (F).
T F The nail technician should get to know the client and understand the client’s
expectations, goals, and needs for the nail service.
T F Clients should complete intake forms upon every visit, even if they are long-time
customers.
T F Always check the client’s skin and nails to make sure they are healthy before
beginning any service.
T F It is not necessary to explain the service to the client; the client will see the final
result and be happy.
T F If a client appears to have diseased or disordered skin or nails, you should state the
potential diagnosis and continue with the service.
T F It is important to include all pertinent information about the client on the client’s
service form.
T F It is important to consider the client’s work and hobbies when determining the best
service.
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LABELING
41. Label the images of common nail shapes below with the correct name.
LABELING
42. Describe what is happening in the images of a manicure procedure.
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148 PART 2 Nail Services
Outline the Steps in the Application of Nail Polish
SHORT ANSWER
43. Why is perfect polish application so important?
FILL IN THE BLANK
44. Complete the following sentences about polish application.
Fill in the blanks with words or phrases to complete the statements about the proper technique for
the application of nail polish.
Apply a thin coat of
to cover the entire nail plate of all nails.
When applying nail polish, remove the brush from the bottle and
the side of the brush on the inside of the lip of the bottle to remove
excess polish. You should have a
on the end of the other side of the
brush large enough to apply
to the entire nail plate without having to
re-dip the brush. Hold the brush at approximately a
angle.
Place the tip of the brush on the nail
away from the cuticle area
in the
of the nail. Slightly
the brush onto the
, produc-
ing a slight
,
ensuring the polish and brush do not touch the
.
the brush toward the free edge of the nail, down the center.
Move to each side of the nail and in even strokes toward
the
.
After finishing the first coat of each nail, move the brush back and forth on the
, barely touching, to apply color to it. Use the same technique for
every nail while applying the first coat of color.
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When you return to apply the second coat, ,
just start at the base of the polish curve and move toward the free edge.
Apply a coat of
to
and to give nails a
appearance. Be sure to coat the
of the
nail with top coat as well.
Describe how to Approach a Man’s
Manicure Service
SHORT ANSWER
45. What is the major difference between most men’s manicures and most women’s manicures?
Men’s Nail Shapes & Men’s Massage &
Men’s Color Selection
FILL IN THE BLANK
46. Complete the following sentences about manicures for men.
A men’s manicure is performed using the same procedures as in the
manicure.
Most men request that their nails be
in length and have a
shape.
Some men request just a small amount of the
of the nails shaped according to
the base of the
.
If men opt out of
services, you can offer a longer .
As a nail technician, you are not licensed to perform a
massage.
Make sure to discuss manicure preferences during the
.
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150 PART 2 Nail Services
Demonstrate the Massage Techniques
for the Nail Professional
TRUE OR FALSE
47. Indicate whether the following statements about massage are True (T) or False (F).
T F Massage can promote the circulation of blood and lymph.
T F Massage can help relax the muscles and also offer pain relief.
T F Most clients opt out of massages from nail technicians.
MATCHING
48. Match the description to the massage technique.
WORD BANK:
Effleurage Friction Pétrissage Tapotement Vibration
Rapid tapping or striking of hands against skin
Succession of strokes; hands glide over an area with varying degrees of
pressure/contact
Hands placed around the arm, fingers in opposite directions, then gently
twisting in opposite directions
Kneading, lifting, squeezing, pressing the tissue
Continuous trembling/shaking applied by hand without leaving contact
with the skin
TRUE OR FALSE
49. Indicate whether the following statements about massage are True (T) or False (F).
T F The nail technician should always have one hand on the client’s arm during massage.
T F Massage services are often what elevates a manicure in the client’s opinion.
T F When providing massage services to the client, the nail technician should reach
across the manicure table.
T F Not all states permit massage services by a nail technician.
T F It is important to understand any health conditions that a client may have that
contraindicate massage.
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 151
T F During the massage portion of a manicure, the nail technician should talk to the
client to make the client feel more relaxed.
T F A good rule of thumb is “When in doubt, do not massage” if a client has a medical
condition.
T F Firm, gentle, slow, and rhythmic are all things to keep in mind when performing
massage on a client.
T F In a traditional manicure, massage should be performed at the culmination of
services.
Compare the Process of a Spa Manicure
and a Basic Manicure
SHORT ANSWER
50. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
What is the difference between a spa manicure and a basic manicure?
Who can provide spa manicures? Why?
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152 PART 2 Nail Services
What types of services can be included in a spa manicure?
What is true of nail services that claim to be “all natural”?
Theme Manicures & The Waterless Manicure
CASE STUDY
51. Read the scenario below and respond to the questions in a few sentences or notes.
You are a nail salon owner and have noticed that other salons and spas in your area often offer
special nail-care packages that include treatment manicures. You have never offered specialty
manicures but think that creating some special themed manicures would be popular with your clien-
tele and could be very successful for you and your employees. Using what you have learned so far in
the text, and especially about spa manicures, create three unique specialty spa or themed manicures
(e.g., a pumpkin spice manicure in the fall in which all clients receive a complimentary pumpkin spice
tea or coffee drink). Make sure to name your manicures and describe what makes them unique!
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 153
SHORT ANSWER
52. What is a waterless manicure? What are its benefits?
Identify the Benefits and Infection Control
Practices of Paraffin Wax Treatments
TRUE OR FALSE
53. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). If the statement is false,
provide an explanation why it is incorrect.
T F Paraffin treatments are designed to aid in rapid drying of nail polish.
Rationale:
T F Paraffin treatments are part of basic manicures.
Rationale:
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154 PART 2 Nail Services
Paraffin Application Cautions & Paraffin
Application & Before a Manicure & During a
Manicure & Stand-Alone Service
CASE STUDY
54. Read the scenario below and respond to the questions in a few sentences or notes.
Etta is a nail technician who has a client interested in adding paraffin wax services to her other-
wise traditional manicure. She asks Etta what benefits paraffin wax has. How should Etta respond?
Etta’s client says that all sounds great and she’d love to add the treatment on to her manicure
services. What should Etta do next?
Etta is ready to proceed with the paraffin treatment. She does not want to dip the client’s hands
into the paraffin tub. What are her other options for application?
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 155
Which application method would you prefer to use, and why?
TRUE OR FALSE
55. Indicate whether the following statements about paraffin treatments are True (T) or
False (F).
T F Clients with impaired circulation are okay to receive paraffin treatments.
T F Do not perform paraffin wax treatments on a client with open wounds, cuts, rashes, or burns.
T F Be careful when applying paraffin wax to senior citizens or chronically ill clients, as
they may be more sensitive to heat.
T F It is never appropriate to ask a client for physician’s permission before receiving
paraffin wax treatments.
T F The nail technician should perform a heat tolerance test by applying a small patch of
wax onto the client’s skin before moving forward with the whole treatment if this is
the first time they have the service.
T F A paraffin wax container can be used multiple times, with multiple clients.
T F An advantage of a paraffin wax treatment before a manicure is that the client can
have the nails polished at the end of the manicure service.
Describe Approaches to Personal Manicures
that Are Sensitive to Clients with Special
Health Considerations
SHORT ANSWER
56. Why is it important for the nail technician to have a basic understanding of whether the client has
any special health considerations before services?
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156 PART 2 Nail Services
TRUE OR FALSE
57. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
T F Salons are bound by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
(HIPAA) to keep client information confidential.
T F A client with neuropathy or another neurological complication may require special
care in nail services.
T F It is appropriate to use all of the same implements and tools that you would use
in a healthy client with no health considerations on a client with special health
considerations.
Tools and Implements & Paraffin & Massage
58. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
T F Use a curette to gently remove dead skin from the nail, as opposed to nippers, if
the client has a special health consideration, such as an autoimmune disorder or a
clotting disorder.
T F The purpose of massage for clients with special medical considerations is to
stimulate blood flow and alleviate pain in muscles.
T F Clients with heat sensitivity cannot have any paraffin wax treatments added to their
nail services.
SHORT ANSWER
59. What should you do if a client comes in with a caregiver?
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 157
Word Review
CROSSWORD
60. Complete the crossword puzzle with terms from the chapter.
1
12
2
6
7
9
5
10
11
15
3
4
1413
8
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158 PART 2 Nail Services
ACROSS
3 In massage, incorporates various strokes that
manipulate or press one layer of tissue
over another
6 A combination of clear polish and protein,
such as collagen
7 The list of services that you are legally
allowed to perform in your specialty in your
state
9 Oils inhaled or applied to the skin to induce
such reactions as relaxation or invigoration or
simply to create a pleasant fragrance during
the service
11 In massage, succession of strokes achieved
by gliding the hands over an area of the body
with varying degrees of pressure or contact
12 Implements that cannot be reused
and must be thrown away after
one use
13 A petroleum by-product that has excellent
sealing properties (barrier qualities) to hold
moisture in the skin
14 A colorless, inflammable liquid, miscible
with water, alcohol, and ether, and having a
sweetish odor or burning taste; used as
a solvent
15 Barrier products that contain ingredients
designed to seal the surface and hold in the
subdermal moisture in the skin
DOWN
1 A hardener that adds cross-links to the
natural nail plate; does not cause adverse skin
reactions
2 Implements that are generally stainless
steel, as they must be properly cleaned and
disinfected prior to use on another client
4 Designed to be absorbed into the nail plate
to increase flexibility and into the surrounding
skin to soften and moisturize
5 Involves the use of highly concentrated,
nonoily, and volatile essential oils to induce
such reactions as relaxation or invigoration,
or simply to create a pleasant fragrance
during the service
8 The manipulation of the soft tissues of the
body
10 The tools that will be used in a service
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 159
Discoveries and Accomplishments
In the space below, write notes about key concepts discussed in this chapter. Share your discoveries
with some of the other students in your class and ask them if your notes are helpful. You may want to
revise your notes based on good ideas shared by your peers.
Discoveries:
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List at least three things you have accomplished since you decided to enroll in school.
Accomplishments:
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86560_ch06_ptg01_124-176.indd 159 16/04/20 1:13 PM
160 PART 2 Nail Services
Exam Review: Multiple Choice
1. The list of services that you are legally allowed to perform in your specialty as set forth by the
regulatory agency in your state is known as your ��������������.
a. realm of practice
b. state practice guidelines
c. scope of practice
d. safety practice oversight
2. It is recommended that you use a �������������� bulb in the lamp attached to your manicure
table.
a. 20- to 40-watt incandescent
b. 40- to 60-watt incandescent
c. 75- to 100-watt incandescent
d. 12-watt incandescent
3. Gloves are worn for protection from blood or ��������������.
a. seasonal viruses
b. contaminated objects
c. dirty tools
d. body fluids
4. The finger bowl is used for soaking the client’s fingers in warm water to soften the skin and can
be made of plastic, ��������������, or glass.
a. wood
b. metal
c. styrofoam
d. cement
5. Disinfection containers must �������������� to ensure disinfectant solution does not become
contaminated.
a. be made of glass
b. be made of plastic
c. have a lid
d. hold two quarts
6. What should you use to cover the client’s arm cushion?
a. nothing
b. a clean towel
c. white paper
d. plastic wrap
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 161
7. Electric mitts are used to ��������������.
a. inhibit the penetration of conditioning ingredients
b. provide a client with ultimate relaxation
c. keep the client’s hands cool and stable
d. prepare the hands or feet for massage
8. Multiple use and single use tools used to perform nail services are
called ��������������.
a. supplies
b. materials
c. equipment
d. implements
9. Disposable implements ��������������.
a. are generally made of stainless steel
b. are generally made of nickel-plated metal
c. must be thrown away after a single use
d. must be thrown away after several uses
10. Tweezers are multitask implements that can be used to ������������.
a. trim the cuticle of the nail
b. lift small bits of debris from the nail plate
c. trim the free edge of the nail
d. place cotton between the toes
11. Which of the following is used to shorten the nail plate quickly and effectively?
a. nail clippers
b. nippers
c. nail file
d. metal pusher
12. How many complete sets of implements should a professional nail technician have
on hand?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. five or more
13. The rule of thumb with nail files is ��������������.
a. the lower the grit, the smaller the abrasive particles
b. the lower the grit, the more aggressive its action
c. the higher the grit, the larger the abrasive particles
d. the higher the grit, the more aggressive its action
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162 PART 2 Nail Services
14. A buffer with a grit of 180 is considered to be a ��������������.
a. medium-grit abrasive
b. fine-grit abrasive
c. coarse abrasive
d. minimal abrasive
15. Fine-grit abrasives are recommended for all but which of the following?
a. buffing the nail
b. removing fine scratches
c. shortening the nail
d. polishing the nail
16. Soap acts as an infection-control tool during the pre-service hand-washing procedure and is
known to remove over �������������� percent of pathogenic microbes from the hands, if
performed properly.
a. 30
b. 70
c. 50
d. 90
17. What are the two basic types of polish removers?
a. alcohol and peroxide
b. acetone and non-acetone
c. lanolin and glycerin
d. soap and acetone
18. Nail creams are designed to ��������������.
a. hold subdermal moisture in the skin
b. absorb into the nail plate
c. make the nail plate more flexible
d. strengthen the skin around the nail
19. Which of the following is designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue on the nail plate so it can
be more easily and thoroughly removed from the nail plate?
a. nail oil
b. nail bleach
c. nail dehydrator
d. cuticle remover
20. Protein hardener is commonly composed of what two ingredients?
a. clear polish and protein
b. colored polish and protein
c. clear polish and formaldehyde
d. colored polish and formaldehyde
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 163
21. Nail plate hardeners contain methylene glycol, an ingredient that creates ��������������
between the keratin strands that make up the natural nail.
a. ridges or furrows
b. dips
c. bridges or cross-links
d. gap closers
22. When performing manicure services on a client with a weakened immune system, or other
physical or mental disorder, it is important to ��������������.
a. avoid using sharp implements
b. avoid the massage portion of the service
c. clip the nails very short
d. make sure the client provides physician permission for the manicure
23. A base coat creates a colorless layer on the natural nail and nail enhancement that promotes
��������������.
a. a smoother finish
b. the adhesion of polish
c. a shinier finish
d. the use of less color
24. It is recommended that you work to get your basic manicure procedure to ��������������
before you leave your school environment.
a. 25–30 minutes
b. 30–45 minutes
c. 45–60 minutes
d. 60–90 minutes
25. The ��������� nail is completely straight across the free edge, with no rounding at the outside
edges.
a. round
b. oval
c. square
d. squoval
26. A ��������� nail is one with a square free edge that is rounded off at the corner
edges.
a. round
b. pointed
c. square
d. squoval
27. What is the recommended method for mixing nail polish in the bottle?
a. stirring it with the nail polish brush
b. shaking the bottle from side to side
c. rolling the bottle between your palms
d. shaking the bottle up and down
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164 PART 2 Nail Services
28. Nail polish is usually applied in how many coats?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
29. A men’s manicure is performed using the same procedures as described in the basic manicure,
though you are likely to omit the colored polish and instead, ��������������.
a. apply dehydrator for a dull finish
b. exfoliate the eponychium
c. buff with a high-shine buffer
d. apply a spa hand mask
30. The manipulation of the soft tissues of the body is called ��������������.
a. chiropractic adjustment
b. aromatherapy
c. manicure
d. massage
31. Which type of massage is also known as kneading?
a. tapotement
b. friction
c. pétrissage
d. effleurage
32. Results-oriented spa manicures are sometimes called ��������������.
a. pedicures
b. treatment manicures
c. mani-pedicures
d. medi-manicures
33. Paraffin wax treatments are designed to trap moisture in the skin while the ��������������
encourages skin pores to accept its benefits.
a. lotion
b. chemicals
c. wax
d. heat
34. Avoid paraffin treatments on anyone who has �������������� or skin irritations such as cuts,
burns, rashes, warts, or eczema.
a. moles
b. high stress
c. diabetes
d. impaired circulation
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 165
35. When performing a basic manicure, it is recommended that you start
with the ��������������.
a. little finger on the client’s left hand
b. little finger on the client’s right hand
c. thumb on the client’s left hand
d. thumb on the client’s right hand
36. The second step in a pre-service procedure is to ��������������.
a. clean and disinfect the manicure table and drawer
b. put on gloves to prevent contamination of implements
c. rinse implements and wash with soap, a nail brush, and warm water
d. rinse away all traces of soap with warm running water
37. In preparation for a hand massage, apply massage lotion or cream and distribute enough to
allow movement across the skin without resistance or ��������������.
a. opposition
b. chafing
c. skin wrinkling
d. skin drag
38. The third step in a post-service procedure is to ��������������.
a. discuss information on the consultation card
b. wash your hands
c. condition the client’s hands
d. escort the client to the front desk
39. The drying time of a traditional nail polish application should be about ��������������
minutes.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
40. Which is not a reason that the nail technician should have an understanding
of manicuring?
a. clients enjoy the relaxation and pampering that manicures provide
b. the appearance of the nails and hands are a visual benchmark in the assessment of a person,
both professionally and socially
c. just as clothing fashions and trends change, so too do manicure styles
d. it is extremely difficult for almost all clients to do at-home manicures
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166 PART 2 Nail Services
Procedure 6–1
Pre-Service Procedure
Evaluate your practical skills
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
A. Infection Control
1. Refer to Procedure 5–2: Cleaning and Disinfecting
Nonporous, Reusable Items in Milady Standard
Foundations.
B. Basic Table Setup
2. Before you begin a service, clean and disinfect the
manicure table and drawer with an EPA-approved
disinfectant, according to the directions on the
product label.
3. Position a cushion or a folded towel on the edge of
the table in front of the client.
4. Next, place a lint-free disposable cloth on the table.
This cloth can be replaced as needed throughout the
service.
5. Place the abrasives and buffers of your choice on
the table to your right (or to the left, if you are
left-handed).
6.
Set out your tools and implements.
7. If using a finger bowl, fill it with warm water and place
it on the left or right of your table. Place the manicure
brush next to the finger bowl.
8. Make sure you have a trash receptacle with a self-
closing lid available for disposing of used materials
during your service.
9. Place the supplies and products needed for your
service to the right if you are right-handed, and to the
left if you are left-handed.
C. Greet the Client
10. Greet your client with a smile, introduce yourself if
you’ve never met. Ask for the consultation card/sheet
they filled out if they are a new client.
11
Escort your client to the hand-washing area. Hand
your client a fresh nail brush and ask them to wash
their hands. Have paper towels or a fresh laundered
towel available for your client to dry their hands.
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 167
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
12. Show your client to your manicure table and make
sure they are comfortable before beginning the
service.
13. Discuss the information on the consultation card and
determine a course of action for the service.
14. Wash your hands following Procedure 5–1: Proper
Hand Washing in Milady Standard Foundations before
beginning any service.
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168 PART 2 Nail Services
Procedure 6–2
Post-Service Procedure
Evaluate your practical skills
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
A. Advise Clients and Promote Products
1. Advise the client of proper home maintenance.
That will ensure the client’s nails look beautiful until
they return for their next service. Suggest retail
products that help maintain the client’s service.
There may be a number of retail products that
you could recommend for the client to take home.
Explain why these products are important and how
to use them.
B. Schedule the Next Appointment and Thank the Client
2. Thank the client for their business and mention that
you will be looking forward to their next visit.
3. Escort the client to the front desk to schedule their
next appointment and to pay for the service. Set up
the date, time, and services.
4. Record service information, products used,
observations, and retail recommendations on the
client service form or input via a computer record.
C. Prepare the Work Area and Implements for the Next Client
5. Remove your products and tools, dispose of all
used materials, and then clean and disinfect your
work area.
6. Refer to Procedure 5–2: Cleaning and Disinfecting
Nonporous, Reusable Items in Milady Standard
Foundations.
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 169
Procedure 6–3
Performing a Basic Manicure
Evaluate your practical skills
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
Preparation
Refer to Procedure 6–1: Pre-Service Procedure.
Procedure
1. Remove polish and inspect the client’s nails.
Saturate a cotton ball, gauze pad, or plastic-backed
cotton pad with polish remover. Begin with the little
finger of your client’s left hand. Hold the saturated
cotton on each nail for approximately 10 seconds.
You can remove the old polish easily from the nail
plate with a downward stroking motion, moving
toward the free edge. Continue until all traces of
polish are gone. Look closely at the nails to check
for abnormalities that could have been hidden by
the polish.
2. File and shape the nails based on the client
consultation. Start with the little finger on the left
hand, holding it between your thumb and index
finger. Use a medium-grit abrasive to shape the
natural nail. File from one side to the center of
the free edge and then from the other side to the
center of the free edge. Never use a sawing back-
and-forth motion when filing the natural nail, as this
can disrupt the nail plate layers and cause splitting
and peeling.
3. Soften the eponychium and cuticle. After filing the
nails on the left hand, and before moving on to the
right hand, place the fingertips of the left hand in
the finger bowl to soak and soften the eponychium
(the living skin on the posterior and sides of the
nail) and cuticle (the dead tissue adhered to the nail
plate) while filing the nails on the right hand, using
the same little finger to thumb process.
4. Clean the nail surfaces. Remove the left hand from
the finger bowl after you file the right hand and
brush the nails with a nail brush. Holding the left
hand above the finger bowl, brush the fingers with
your wet nail brush to remove any debris from the
fingertips. Use downward strokes, starting at the
first knuckle and brushing toward the free edge.
(Continues)
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170 PART 2 Nail Services
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
5. Dry the hands with a towel designated as this
client’s service towel. As you dry, gently push back
the eponychium with the towel. Now place the
right hand into the finger bowl to soak while you
continue with the next step on the left hand.
6. Apply cuticle remover. Using a cotton-tipped
wooden or metal pusher or cotton swab, apply
cuticle remover to the cuticle on each nail plate
of the left hand. Do not apply this type of product
on living skin, as it can cause dryness or irritation.
Spread evenly on the nail plate.
7. Use your wooden pusher or the inside curve of
a metal pusher to gently push and lift cuticle
tissue from each nail plate of the left hand. After
allowing the cuticle remover to set on the nail for
the manufacturer’s recommended length of time,
the cuticle will be easily removed from the nail plate.
8. Use sharp nippers to remove any loosely hanging
tags of dead skin. Never rip or tear the cuticle tags
or the living skin because this may lead to infection.
9. Carefully clean under the free edge, using a
cotton swab or cotton-tipped wooden pusher. Be
gentle, as cleaning too aggressively in this area can
break the hyponychium seal under the free edge
and cause onycholysis.
10. Brush the left hand with the nail brush over the
finger bowl one last time to remove bits of debris
and traces of cuticle remover. When both hands
are complete, send the client to the sink to wash
the nail plate with a nail brush. It is important that all
traces of cuticle remover are washed from the skin, as
remnants can lead to dryness and/or irritation. Instruct
the client to rest the left hand on the table towel.
11.
Repeat steps 5 to 10 on the other hand.
12. Optional: Bleach the nails. If the client’s nails are
yellow, you can bleach them with a nail bleach
product designed specifically for this purpose.
Apply the bleaching agent to the yellowed nail
with a cotton-tipped orangewood stick. Be careful
not to apply bleach on your client’s skin, because it
may cause irritation. Wear gloves while bleaching
the nails. Repeat the application if the nails are
extremely yellow. These products work best for
surface stains (e.g., tobacco).
13. Smooth the nail surface. Use a buffer to smooth
out surface scratches and give the natural nail a
brilliant shine.
Procedure 6–3 (Continued)
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CHAPTER 6 Manicuring 171
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
14. Apply nail oil. Apply nail oil to each nail plate,
using a cotton-tipped wooden pusher, a cotton
swab, or an eyedropper. Start with the little finger
on the left hand and massage oil into the nail plate
and the surrounding skin, using a circular motion.
15. Remove any rough spots on the free edges.
Bevel the underside of the nail by holding a
medium-grit abrasive board at a 45-degree angle
to the underside of the nail and file with a gentle
side-to-side stroke. This removes any rough edges
or cuticle particles. A fine-grit abrasive board or
buffer may be preferred for weak nails.
16. Massage. Apply massage lotion or oil and follow
the massage Procedure 6–5.
17. Remove all traces of lotion or oil from the nail
plate after the massage and before polishing, or
the polish will not adhere well. Use a small piece
of cotton saturated with alcohol, acetone, or polish
remover as though you were removing a stubborn
red nail polish. Do not forget to clean under the
free edge of the nail plate to remove any remaining
massage lotion.
18. Choose a polish. Most clients should have
chosen their polish already (before or during the
consultation), but if they have not, ask them to
choose a color.
19. Apply a base coat. Apply a base coat to keep the
polish from staining the nails and to help colored
polish adhere to the nail plate. Nail strengthener/
hardener is an option you may recommend for
a treatment if the client’s nail plates are thin and
weak. Apply this before the base coat if the client
requests this treatment. See Procedure 6–4:
Polishing the Nails.
20. You’ve performed a beautiful, finished manicure.
Now perform Procedure 6–2: Post-Service
Procedure.
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172 PART 2 Nail Services
Procedure 6–4
Polishing the Nails
Evaluate your practical skills
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
Preparation
Complete Procedure 6–3: Performing a Basic Manicure.
Before applying polish, ask your client to put on any
jewelry and outerwear that they may have taken off
before the service. They should also get their car
keys ready for easy retrieval (if they have them); this
will prevent smudging to the freshly applied polish.
Ifpossible, also have the client pay for services at this
time or have payment ready to hand to the receptionist.
Procedure
1. Apply a thin layer of base coat on the entire plate
of the nails of the dominant hand. Place the nails in
a cool nail dryer while you polish the other hand.
This will give the most-used hand a head start in
drying and reduce the likelihood of smudging.
2. Apply the first coat of polish on the first hand.
When applying color nail polish, remove the brush
from the bottle and wipe the side of the brush away
from you on the inside of the lip of the bottle to
remove excess polish. You should have a bead of
polish on the brush large enough to apply one layer
to the entire nail plate without having to re-dip the
brush (unless the nail plate is unusually long or large).
Hold the brush at approximately a 30- to 35-degree
angle. Place the tip of the brush on the nail, 1/8”
(0.31 cm) away from the cuticle area in the center of
the nail. Lightly press the brush onto the nail plate,
producing a slight fanning of the brush, and then
push the brush toward the eponychium to produce
a rounded posterior edge to the polish. Leave a tiny,
rounded area of unpolished nail at the back of the
nail. Pull the brush toward the free edge of the nail,
down the center.
3. Move to each side of the nail and pull in even
strokes toward the nail tip. This first color coat
does not have to be perfect, it just has to establish
the correct outline and cover the entire nail with
some polish.
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4. Cap the free edge. After finishing the first coat of
each nail, move the brush back and forth on the
very end of the free edge, barely touching it, to
apply color. This is called tip sealing, or capping,
and it reduces chipping and layering on the free
edges.
5. Apply the second coat of color to the first
hand. With the second coat, do not fan the brush
or reapply to the tip. Just start at the base of the
polish curve and move toward the free edge. Apply
a thin even coating on the nail that has depth of
color and perfect appearance.
6. Apply a topcoat to prevent chipping and to give
nails a glossy, finished appearance. Be sure to coat
the free edge of the nail with the topcoat as well.
7. If you use a polish-drying product or fast dry
topcoat, apply it according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
8. After the application, ask the client to take a seat
at a separate table with their hands under a nail
dryer or seat the client comfortably away from your
table. The drying time should be 10 minutes, at a
minimum, for traditional polish. To apply gel polish,
follow the instructions of the manufacturer.
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174 PART 2 Nail Services
Procedure 6–5
Hand and Arm Massage
Evaluate your practical skills
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
Preparation
Complete 6–3: Performing a Basic Manicure.
Procedure for Hand Massage
To prepare, apply the massage lotion, oil, or cream to the
client’s arm. Apply enough to allow movement across the
skin without resistance (such resistance is known as skin
drag). Skin drag is not comfortable for the client.
Be sure to hold the client’s hand and arm loosely without
too much restraint during the massage.
1. Relaxer movement of the wrist. At the beginning
of the hand massage, place the client’s elbow on a
cushion covered with a clean towel or on a rolled
towel. With one hand, brace the client’s arm in the
wrist area with your nondominant hand. With your
other hand, hold the client’s wrist and bend it slowly
and gently—but with a firm touch—fully back until it
stops, and then forward until it stops, 5 to 10 times,
until you feel that the client has relaxed.
2. Joint movement of fingers. Lower the client’s arm,
brace the arm at the wrist with the left hand, and
with your right hand (or dominant hand), start with
the little finger, holding it at the base of the nail.
Gently rotate fingers to form circles. Work toward
the thumb, about three to five times on each finger.
3. Circular movement on the palm. This light stroking
motion that relaxes and soothes is known as
effleurage. Place the client’s elbow on the cushion or
towel near the center of the table and position your
elbows on the table at the sides of it. Put your thumbs
in the client’s palm and rotate them in a circular motion
up the center and over to and down the sides, moving
in opposite directions. The circular movements should
start from the bottom center of the hand and move
out, up, across the underside of the fingers, and
back down to the bottom and center—in a smooth
pattern of alternating movements of each thumb
over the palm. This pattern becomes rhythmic and
relaxing. Effleurage movements must be smooth and
gentle, even predictable, to induce relaxation. After
performing the relaxation movements, move on to the
following effleurage movements.
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4. Circular movement on the wrist. This is a form of
friction massage movement that is a deep rubbing
action. It is very stimulating. Hold the client’s hand
with both of your hands, placing your thumbs on
top of the client’s hand and your fingers below.
Move your thumbs in a circular movement in
opposite directions from the client’s wrist to the
knuckle on back of the client’s hand. Move up and
down, three to five times.
5. The final time you rotate up, wring the client’s wrist
by bracing your hands around the wrist and gently
twisting in the opposite directions. This concludes
the hand massage usually performed in the Basic
Manicure.
Arm Massage Techniques
Preparation: Distribute lotion or cream. Apply lotion or
cream to the client’s arm.
6. Effleurage of the arm. Holding the wrist firmly
but gently, glide your hand up the arm from the
wrist to the elbow with your palm and fingers on
the skin; make sure there is enough lotion on the
skin to allow a smooth glide of the hand. Cup your
movement fingers around the arm, moving up with
slight pressure on the skin with your fingers, thumb,
and palm to induce relaxation, and then move
back to the wrist area with a lighter pressure on
the skin. Perform this gliding several times. When
finishing a movement each time at the top of the
arm, rotate the hand to the underside of the arm
while pulling the hand back toward you. Now move
to the underside of the arm and perform the same
movement. Press forward; at the end, release the
pressure, gently rotate the hand to the top of the
arm, and pull it lightly back toward the hand.
7. Friction movement on the arms. A friction
massage involves rubbing the muscles against
each other. Put the client’s arm on the table, palm
up with fingers toward you. Your fingers should
be underneath the arm, stabilizing it. Rotate your
thumbs in opposite directions, starting at the
client’s wrist and working toward the elbow. When
you reach the elbow, slide your hand down the
client’s arm to the wrist and rotate back up to the
elbow three to five times. Turn the client’s arm over
and repeat three to five times on the top side of
the arm.
(Continues)
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176 PART 2 Nail Services
Criteria Competent Needs Work
Improvement
Plan
8. Wringing/friction movement. Place the arm
horizontally on the towel in front of you, with the
back of the hand facing up. Place your hands
around the arm with your fingers facing the same
direction on the arm and gently twist in opposite
directions, as you would wring out a washcloth,
from wrist to elbow. Do this up and down the
forearm three to five times.
9. Kneading movement. Kneading (pétrissage) is a
squeezing motion that moves flesh and muscles
over the bones beneath in opposite directions,
stimulating and increasing blood flow. Place your
thumbs on the top side of the client’s arm so
that they are horizontal. Move them in opposite
directions, from wrist to elbow and back down to
the wrist. Do this three to five times.
10. Rotation of elbow. This is a friction massage
movement. Brace the client’s arm with your left
hand and apply lotion. Cup the elbow with your
right hand and rotate your hand over the client’s
elbow. Do this three to five times. Take care to be
very gentle and not to hit the nerve in the elbow
that often is referred to as the funny bone—this
can be very painful to the client. To finish the elbow
massage, move your left arm to the top of the
client’s forearm.
11. Finger pulls. Gently slide both hands down the
forearm from the elbow to the fingertips, as if
climbing down a rope. Then, holding the hand with
your nondominant hand, move to the finger tip.
With your thumb on top and your pointer finger
arched below, gently grab and pull the finger down
to the tips. Perform on each finger, from the little
finger to the thumb. Perform the movement down
the forearm and do finger pulls three to five times
on each arm and hand before performing the final
movement below. Understand that this movement
should not be performed on clients who have
severe arthritis.
12. Final movement. After you’ve performed the finger
pulls, lay both of the client’s hands palm down on
the table, cover them with your own hands (palm
down), and gently press them three times. Gently
lift your palms, leaving your fingertips on the base
of the hand. Then, with a light-as-a-feather touch,
pull your fingers from the back of the hands down
the fingers and off the tips of the fingers. Perform
two to three times. This final movement, called
feathering off, is the end of the massage.
Procedure 6–5 (Continued)
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