CLCCG Ten Year Report

Government of Côte d’Ivoire

Government of Ghana

U.S. Department of Labor

International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry

CLCCG REPORT:

2010-2020 Efforts to Reduce

Child Labor in Cocoa

Photo Credit: World Cocoa Foundation

The United States Department of Labor is responsible only for the content it provided for this report. The

material provided by other signatories to the Declaration of Joint Action to Support Implementation of

the Harkin-Engel Protocol does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States

Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply

endorsement by the United States Government.

ACRONYMS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE (FRENCH)….…………………………………………..………………….

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA…………………………………………………………………………………….……….

REPORT FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR………………………………………………………………...……….……….......

REPORT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY…………………………………………………….

APPENDIX 1: DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………………….………………………..………….

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………

ACRONYMS

ACE Action against Child Exploitation

CAP Community Action Plan

CARE Cooperative for Relief and Assistance Everywhere Inc.

CCP Toward Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities in Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana through an Integrated Area Base Approach

(Cocoa Communities Project)

CCPC Community Child Protection Committee

CIM Inter-ministerial Committee against Trafficking, Exploitation and

Child Labor/le Comité Interministériel de Lutte Contre la Traite,

l’Exploitation et le Travail des Enfants

CLCCG Child Labor Cocoa Coordinating Group/Groupe de Coordination

des Actions de lutte contre le Travail des Enfants dans la

Cacaoculture

CLFZ Child Labor Free Zone

CLMS Child Labor Monitoring System

CLMRS Child Labor Monitoring and Remediation System

CLU Child Labor Unit

CNS National Oversight Committee for the Fight against Child

Trafficking, Exploitation and Child Labor/ le Comité National de

Lutte Contre la Traite, l’Exploitation et le Travail des Enfants

COCOBOD Ghana Cocoa Board

CPC Child Protection Committee

CSO Civil Society Organization

DCPC District Child Protection Committee

Declaration Declaration of Joint Action to Support Implementation of the

Harkin-Engel Protocol

ECLIC Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa

FCFA Financial Community of Africa Franc/Franc Communauté

Financière Africaine

FFA Framework for Action

FLIP Forced Labor Indicators Project

Framework Framework of Action to Support the Implementation of the

Harkin-Engel Protocol

GAWU Ghana’s General Agricultural Workers Union

GCLMS Ghana Child Labor Monitoring System

GEA Ghana Employer’s Association

GNHR Ghana National Household Registry

GSGDA Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda

Harkin-Engel Protocol Protocol for the Growing and Processing of Cocoa Beans and

their Derivative Products

ICI International Cocoa Initiative

ILAB Bureau of International Labor Affairs

iii

ACRONYMS

ILO/BIT International Labor Organization/Bureau International du

Travail

ILO-IPEC International Labor Organization, International Program on the

Elimination of Child Labor

Industry International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry

MELR Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations

MMDAs Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies

MOCA Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for

Youth in Ghana’s Cocoa Growing Communities

NGO/ONG Non-Governmental Organization/Organisation Non

Gouvernementale

NPA National Plan of Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms

of Child Labor

NPA1 Ghana’s National Plan of Action Phase I

NPA2 Ghana’s National Plan of Action Phase II

NPECLC Ghana’s National Programme for the Elimination of the Worst

Forms of Child Labour in Cocoa

NPECLC II Ghana’s National Programme for the Elimination of the Worst

Forms of Child Labour in Cocoa, Phase II

NSC National Steering Committee

NSCCL National Steering Committee on Child Labor

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

PPP Combatting Child Labour in Cocoa Growing Communities in

Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, a public-private partnership between

ILO-IPEC and Industry

SDG/ODD Sustainable Development Goals/Objectifs de Développement

Durable

SMC School Management Committee

SOSTECI System of Observation and Monitoring of Child Labor in Côte

d’Ivoire/le Système d’Observation et de Suivi du Travail des

enfants en Côte d’Ivoire

UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

USAID U.S. Agency for International Development

USD United States Dollar

USDOL U.S. Department of Labor

VSLA Village Savings and Loan Association

WCF World Cocoa Foundation

WFCL Worst Forms of Child Labor

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

In 2001, in response to reports of child labor in West African cocoa production, representatives of the

International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry (Industry) entered into a voluntary commitment entitled the

“Protocol for the Growing and Processing of Cocoa Beans and their Derivative Products in a Manner that

Complies with ILO Convention 182” (Harkin-Engel Protocol or Protocol). The Protocol served as a call to

action for public and private sector actors, leading to collaborative efforts to eliminate the worst forms

of child labor (WFCL) in West African cocoa production. By the end of the decade, there was recognition

by the parties of a need for more coordinated action to address the issue.

With that realization, in September 2010, the Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, the U.S.

Department of Labor (USDOL), and representatives of Industry came together to sign the Declaration of

Joint Action to Support Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol (Declaration), committing the

signatories to join together in the fight against child labor in the production of cocoa. The Declaration,

which was witnessed by Senator Tom Harkin, Representative Eliot Engel, and the International Labor

Organization (ILO), was accompanied by the Framework of Action to Support Implementation of the

Harkin-Engel Protocol (Framework), which spelled out key actions needed to achieve the goals of the

Protocol, including the formation of the Child Labor Cocoa Coordinating Group (CLCCG).

Signatories to the Declaration committed to the goal of reducing the WFCL in cocoa growing areas of

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana by 70 percent in aggregate by the year 2020. As stated in the Framework, this

objective was to be achieved through joint efforts in the following areas:

• provision of education and vocational training services to children as a means to remove

children from, or prevent them from entering into, the WFCL;

• application of protective measures to remove workplace hazards from cocoa farming to allow

children of legal working age to work under safe conditions;

• promotion of livelihood services for the households of children working in the cocoa sector;

• establishment and implementation of community-based child labor monitoring systems (CLMS)

in cocoa growing areas; and

• conducting national representative child labor surveys at least every five years.

The partners have joined together to release this report, covering the period of 2010 to 2020, to inform

interested stakeholders and the general public of the actions taken as part of this endeavor, and the

progress made during this 10-year period towards achievement of the goals of the Declaration and

Framework. In particular, this report highlights notable efforts being undertaken by the partners in one

or more of the five bulleted areas above, including the implementation of nationally-representative

child labor surveys in the cocoa growing areas of both countries. Additionally, this report highlights a

number of key efforts by the partners, which go beyond the original, voluntary commitments under the

Declaration and accompanying Framework, and which are intended to contribute to a reduction in the

WFCL in cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

COMMITMENTS UNDER THE DECLARATION

Under the Declaration, the CLCCG partners voluntarily committed substantial human and financial

resources to support the effort of achieving the overarching goals of the 2010 Framework. The CLCCG

partners piloted and began to scale up efforts to withdraw children engaged in, or prevent those at risk

of becoming engaged in, the WFCL in cocoa production. These efforts included the provision of support

services for children, including quality education services, relevant vocational training, and the

INTRODUCTION

implementation of protective measures to address workplace hazards in cocoa production for children

of legal working age; and the provision of livelihood services for the households of children in cocoa

growing communities. All CLCCG partners worked to establish and implement a credible and

transparent CLMS in both countries, and they agreed to the conducting of independent, nationally

representative child labor surveys in the cocoa sector every five years during the life of the Declaration.

At the signing of the 2010 Declaration, USDOL voluntarily committed $10 million to accelerate work to

achieve the goals of the Protocol. Since that time, USDOL has actually provided over $29 million to

support six core projects aimed at preventing and reducing child labor in cocoa growing areas of Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana. USDOL also has funded five additional technical assistance projects that include one

or more components to address child labor in cocoa, totaling $12 million, and has announced its

intention in 2020 to fund a $4 million technical assistance project in Côte d’Ivoire and another $4 million

project in Ghana, with each project focused on increasing the number of cocoa cooperatives taking

actions to help reduce child labor in the cocoa supply chain.

For its part under the Declaration, Industry committed $7 million in new funding over a five-year period

and pledged to explore the possibility of committing $3 million in additional funding for remediation

activities that would further the goals of the Protocol. By 2014, Industry had met its commitment,

funding $10.1 million in technical assistance projects to implement Framework activities. These projects

included individual company projects by Barry Callebaut; Ferrero; The Hershey Company; Mars,

Incorporated; Mondelēz International; and Nestlé, and a jointly funded public-private partnership

implemented by the ILO. In 2014, as individual company projects were approaching their final reporting

commitments under the Framework, Industry partners committed to continue to support Framework

priorities through participation in the World Cocoa Foundation’s (WCF) CocoaAction platform. These

Industry partners included Barry Callebaut; Blommer; Cargill; Ferrero; The Hershey Company; Mars,

Incorporated; Mondelēz International; Nestlé; and Olam. Overall, Industry invested $215 million in

support of community development programs through CocoaAction between 2015 and 2020. In 2020,

Industry announced that it will invest $30 million by 2025 in Child Learning and Education Facility (CLEF),

a new education fund in Côte d’Ivoire that is expected to reach five million children.

The Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana agreed to allocate necessary human and financial

resources to support the efforts under the Declaration. In 2011, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire

committed $1.8 million to address the WFCL in 30 cocoa villages. Between 2012 and 2019, the

Government of Côte d’Ivoire allocated $19 million in total to activities related to the implementation of

the Protocol. Since 2012, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire has utilized its National Plan of Action for the

Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (NPA) to implement Framework-related activities. The

NPA had an overall budget of approximately $28 million from 2012–2014, funded from a number of

sources, including the Government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other private donors;

between 2015 and 2017, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire implemented the NPA, with an overall budget

of approximately $24 million. For 2019–2021, Côte d’Ivoire and its partners have planned $127 million

of activities under the Ivoirian NPA, of which the Government of Côte d’Ivoire allocated $13.7 million in

2019.

To honor its commitment under the Declaration, the Government of Ghana allocated $1.3 million to

Ghana’s National Program for the Elimination on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cocoa (NPECLC) to

conduct Framework activities during the period of 2011–2012. Since 2010, the Government of Ghana

has implemented the Ghana Child Labor Monitoring System (GCLMS), and between 2015–2019, the

Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) provided $3 million in funding for a scholarship program for children in

INTRODUCTION

cocoa growing areas and committed to build schools in selected cocoa growing communities in Ghana.

Since 2017, the Government of Ghana has been implementing the second phase of the National Plan of

Action Phase II (NPA2) for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (2017–2021) and the

National Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour in Cocoa II (NPECLC II).

KEY HIGHLIGHTS 2010-2020

In the 10-year period since the Declaration was signed in 2010, the CLCCG partners have carried out a

broad spectrum of activities to reduce the WFCL in the cocoa growing regions of Côte d’Ivoire and

Ghana:

• Since the signing of the Declaration, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire has made significant

strides in adopting legislation relevant to addressing child labor in cocoa production. From

2015–2016, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire adopted a Constitution that prohibits child labor

and enshrines the right to education for both boys and girls, a revised Labor Code that raised the

minimum working age from 14 to 16, and a law that established compulsory education through

age 16. In 2017, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire adopted a revised list of hazardous work

prohibited for children under age 18, as well as new regulations on light work for children ages

13 to 16. The Government of Côte d’Ivoire

also has designed, funded, and implemented three

NPAs, each time building on best practices and improving upon lessons learned from earlier NPA

implementation. Priorities for the 2019–2021 NPA include increasing efforts to mobilize

resources at the national level, reinforcing regional cooperation and public-private partnerships,

incorporating WFCL considerations into national and sector-specific programming, and

reinforcing the monitoring and evaluation of the national strategy for the fight against

trafficking and the WFCL. In addition, the Government of Côte d’Ivoire developed and piloted its

CLMS, the System of Observation and Monitoring of Child Labor in Côte d’Ivoire – le Système

d’Observation et de Suivi du Travail des enfants en Côte d’Ivoire (SOSTECI) and continues to

expand access to education by building new classrooms and supporting the distribution of

school kits to vulnerable children.

• The Government of Ghana has implemented two NPAs on the WFCL, the most recent being

Phase II (NPA2, 2017–2021) and continues to support preparations the second phase of NPECLC

II. The Government also implements the GCLMS; a child education support program,

implemented by COCOBOD; and hosts several important meetings on child labor issues with key

stakeholders in Ghana. COCOBOD also established a child labor desk to help monitor and

coordinate efforts on child labor in cocoa.

• USDOL-funded projects have assisted the Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana in the

adoption of child labor laws, policies, and their NPAs and in the development and piloting of

each country’s CLMS. These projects also have provided educational services to more than

26,000 children engaged in or at risk of child labor in cocoa and livelihood services to

approximately 8,200 of their households. In addition, projects funded by USDOL have raised

awareness on child labor in cocoa growing communities and empowered them to address child

labor locally through the development and implementation of Community Action Plans (CAPs).

Further, USDOL has funded two nationally-representative surveys in the cocoa growing areas of

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, the most recent of which was conducted in the 2018–2019 harvest

season and is expected to be published in the fall of 2020.

INTRODUCTION

• Industry has invested in a broad package of measures to combat child labor, including child

protection and awareness-raising programs, educational services, and women’s livelihood

support programs. Between 2010 and 2020, Industry provided school materials to roughly

61,000 children in Côte d’Ivoire and 20,000 children in Ghana, and more than 900 communities

in the two countries participated in Industry-funded school nutrition programs. Cocoa and

chocolate companies also funded income generation activities for more than 31,000 individuals

in Côte d’Ivoire and 39,000 in Ghana during the 10-year period. In addition, Industry integrated

responsible risk-management systems within supply chains through Child Labor Monitoring and

Remediation Systems (CLMRS). These systems prevent, identify, monitor, and remediate child

labor cases. Industry supply chain-based CLMRS currently cover about 20 percent of

households in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Industry plans to raise this to 100 percent by 2025.

• The Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, USDOL, and Industry meet regularly as the CLCCG,

the steering group responsible for overseeing and reporting on implementation of the 2010

Declaration and Framework. The CLCCG focuses its activities on better coordination,

collaboration, and information sharing among the three governments and Industry. The CLCCG

also promotes greater transparency to the public through the publication of its annual reports

and the convening of annual briefings to inform stakeholders of the status of efforts.

MOVING FORWARD

A decade after the Declaration was signed, we find ourselves assessing and evaluating our efforts to

reduce child labor in cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana for the last time under the

Framework. There have been considerable advancements within the Framework areas of

concentration, in particular the increase in the accessibility of education and vocational services,

implementation of CLMS in cocoa growing areas, and effective community-led approaches prioritizing

action on child labor. Even with all of the gains, there is a need for stakeholders to find new ways to

make progress and to bring to scale successful approaches to tackling this issue, while capitalizing on

lessons learned. Stakeholders also should remain vigilant and be prepared to take necessary actions

where cases of forced child labor may be identified. As we can all agree, while important progress has

been made, too many children still work in hazardous conditions on cocoa farms.

While the Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and Industry remain at the forefront of this fight,

consumer governments and civil society have important roles to play. The CLCCG partners, in this

report, have exhibited their voluntary commitment to face this complex challenge, but there is still a

long road ahead. Promoting transparency and accountability within cocoa supply chains represents a

critical step toward ending child labor in this sector. Empowering local communities is also essential, as

is providing remediation services to children engaged in WFCL. To reach our goal, we will need all

stakeholders working together toward our shared goal of ending the WFCL and improving the lives of

vulnerable children and families in cocoa growing areas in West Africa.

GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY EFFORTS AND

PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN

SEPTEMBER 2010 AND AUGUST 2020

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Synthèse des progrès réalisés par la Côte d’Ivoire en matière de lutte contre

le travail des enfants dans la cacaoculture

2012 – 2019

__________________________________________________________________________

SOMMAIRE

I. Contexte général de la lutte contre le travail des enfants dans la chaîne d’approvisionnement du

cacao en Côte d’Ivoire

II. Principaux acquis de la Côte d’Ivoire en matière de lutte contre le travail des enfants

III. Actions prioritaires de la Côte d’Ivoire dans le domaine de la lutte contre le travail des enfants

IV. Point des investissements réalisés par le Gouvernement en 2019 dans le cadre de la mise en

œuvre du Plan d’Action National 2019-2021 de lutte contre la traite, l’exploitation et le travail

des enfants

__________________________________________________________________________

I. Contexte général de la lutte contre le travail des enfants dans la chaîne d’approvisionnement

du cacao en Côte d’Ivoire

La problématique du travail des enfants est au cœur des préoccupations mondiales depuis

bientôt 20 ans. Dans le secteur du cacao, cette question est devenue particulièrement sensible

au niveau des opinions publiques, notamment en Europe et aux Etats Unis d’Amérique.

En effet, le phénomène du travail des enfants a été révélé au grand public par la chaîne anglaise

BBC News, dans son reportage intitulé « The Bitter Taste of Slavery » (septembre 2000) qui

portait sur des cas d’enfants travailleurs forcés aux Etats Unis et en Grande Bretagne dans le

secteurs des employés de maison, en Inde dans les ateliers de fabrication de tapis, et en Côte

d’Ivoire dans les plantations de cacao.

C’est dans ce contexte que deux membres du Congrès américain, à savoir Tom HARKIN et Elliot

ENGEL, ont initié le 19 septembre 2001 la signature d’un protocole dit « Protocol Harkin-Engel »

avec les parties prenantes, enjoignant les industriels américains du cacao et du chocolatà

financer des actions dans les pays d’origine, en vue d’éradiquer le travail forcé des enfants dans

les plantations de cacao au plus tard le 1er juillet 2005.

Face aux à l’insuffisance des résultats concrets et significatifs obtenus au regard des

engagements pris par l’industrie du cacao et du chocolat dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre

dudit protocole, dont l’échéance a été repoussé en 2008 puis en 2010, et face à la persistance

du phénomène, un nouveau Cadre d’Action Conjoint a été adopté le 13 septembre 2010, soit 10

ans plus tard, entre les parties prenantes afin de soutenir et accélérer la mise en œuvre du

Protocol Harkin-Engel.

Il est bon de rappeler que l’objectif du Cadre d’Action Conjoint est de réduire de 70% les pires

formes de travail des enfants en Côte d’Ivoire et au Ghana à l’Horizon 2020.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE

A l’approche de cette échéance, la question du travail des enfants dans la chaîne

d’approvisionnement du cacao reste un sujet d’actualité et constitue une source de

préoccupation majeure pour le gouvernement de la Côte d’Ivoire.

En effet, suite à une enquête et au reportage du Washington Post publié le 05 juin 2019, sur le

travail forcé des enfants dans certaines plantations de cacao en Côte d’Ivoire, deux sénateurs

démocrates américains Ron Wyden (Oregon) et Sherrod Brown (Ohio) ont saisi les douanes

américaines (Customs and Border Protection –CBP) afin d’interdire les importations du cacao en

provenance de la Côte d’Ivoire, sur la base de la section 1307 de la loi américaine sur les

importations.

Cette situation constitue une menace sérieuse pour la durabilité de l’économie cacaoyère

nationale et pour la survie de plus de 8 millions de personnes qui vivent directement des

revenus du cacao. C’est à ce titre que l’engagement de la Côte d’Ivoire pour éradiquer le travail

des enfants dans la chaîne d’approvisionnement du cacao connait depuis 2011, un dynamisme

et un élan sans égal, grâce à la volonté politique du Président de la République, SEM Alassane

OUATTARA, qui a fait de l’élimination du travail des enfants, une priorité nationale dès son

accession au pouvoir d’État en 2011.

Pour opérationnaliser ses objectifs en matière de lutte contre le travail des enfants, la Côte

d’Ivoire a élaboré et mise en œuvre trois Plans d’Action Nationaux successifs depuis 2012. Le

premier de 2012 à 2014 avait un budget estimé à plus de 13 milliards de FCFA, soit environ 22,8

millions de dollars américain, le deuxième de 2015 à 2017 avec un budget équivalent au premier

et le troisième, de 2019 à 2021 a un budget de plus 76 milliards FCFA, soit environ 128 millions

de dollars américain. Cette hausse significative du budget du troisième plan d’Action National

découle de la volonté du gouvernement d’intensifier ses efforts en intégrant la lutte contre le

travail des enfants dans tous les programmes sociaux à l’échelle nationale.

Les Plans d’Action définissent la réponse nationale à travers une stratégie de riposte qui

s’articule autour de quatre piliers principaux à savoir:

1. La Prévention

2. La Protection

3. La Poursuite et la répression

4. La coordination et le suivi-évaluation

Le présent rapport de la Côte d’Ivoire élaboré dans le cadre du Groupe de coordination des

actions de lutte contre le travail des enfants dans la cacaoculture (CLCCG), a pour objectif, d’une

part, de présenter les principaux acquis enregistrés et d’autre part de présenter les actions

prioritaires engagées par la Côte d’Ivoire pour éliminer le travail des enfants dans la production

du cacao.

II. Principaux acquis de la Côte d’Ivoire en matière de lutte contre le travail des enfants

2.1. Acquis dans le domaine législatif et règlementaire

La Côte d’Ivoire a pris des mesures législatives et règlementaires pour interdire et punir la

traite et le travail des enfants. Ces mesures concernent l’adoption de conventions

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE

internationales et régionales, mais également l’adoption de lois spécifiques au niveau

national.

a) 23 Conventions, Traités Internationaux et Régionaux relatifs aux Droits et à la

protection de l’enfant ont été adoptés

Il s’agit notamment de :

− La Convention n° 29 de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail (OIT) de 1930 sur

le travail forcé;

− La Déclaration Universelle de 1948 sur les Droits de l’Homme;

− La Convention des Nations Unies de 1956 sur l’abolition de l’esclavage;

− La Convention n° 105 de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail de 1957 sur

l’abolition du travail forcé;

− La Convention n° 138 de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail de 1973 relative à

l’âge minimum d’admission à l’emploi;

− La Convention de la Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest

(CEDEAO) de 1975 relative à la libre circulation des personnes et des biens, révisée

en 1993 et son protocole additionnel;

− La Convention des Nations Unies de 1979 sur l’Elimination de toutes les formes de

discrimination à l’égard des Femmes;

− La Charte Africaine des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples de 1981;

− La Convention des Nations Unies de 1989 relative aux Droits de l’Enfant (CDE);

− La Charte Africaine des Droits et du Bien-être de l’Enfant 1990 ;

− La Convention de Dakar de 1992 en matière d’entraide judiciaire entre les Etats de

l’Afrique de l’Ouest;

− La Convention de la Haye de 1993 sur la Protection des Enfants et la Coopération

en matière d’adoption internationale;

− La Convention d’Abuja de 1994 sur l’extradition entre les Etats de l’Afrique de

l’Ouest;

− La Convention n°182 de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail de 1999 sur

l’interdiction des pires formes de travail des Enfants et l’action immédiate en vue

de leur élimination;

− Le Protocole facultatif de 2000 se rapportant à la Convention des Droits des

Enfants (CDE), concernant l’implication d’enfants dans les conflits armées;

− Le Protocole additionnel de 2000 se rapportant à la Convention des Nations Unies

contre la criminalité transfrontalière organisée visant à prévenir, réprimer et punir

la traite des personnes en particulier des femmes et des enfants;

− L’Acte constitutif de l’Union Africaine de 2000;

− L’Accord de coopération d’Accra de 2003 en matière de police criminelle entre les

pays de la Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO);

− L’Accord multilatéral de coopération en matière de lutte contre la traite des

enfants en Afrique de l’Ouest de 2005;

− L’Accord de coopération régionale d’Abuja de 2006 en matière de lutte contre la

traite des personnes en particulier des Femmes et des Enfants en Afrique de

l’Ouest et du Centre;

− L’Accord de coopération bilatérale de 2011 entre la Côte d’Ivoire et le Mali en

matière de lutte contre la traite transfrontalière des Enfants;

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE

− L’Accord de coopération bilatérale de 2013 entre la Côte d’Ivoire et le Burkina

Faso en matière de lutte contre la traite transfrontalière des Enfants; et

− L’Accord de coopération bilatérale de 2016 entre la Côte d’Ivoire et le Ghana de

2016 en matière de lutte contre la traite transfrontalière des Enfants.

b) 22 instruments juridiques nationaux garantissent la protection de l’enfant contre la

traite et le travail des enfants

Il s’agit notamment de:

− La Constitution du 08 novembre 2016, en son article 16, interdit le travail des

Enfants;

− La Loi n°2010-272 du 30 septembre 2010 portant interdiction de la traite et des

pires formes de travail des enfants;

− La Loi n°2015-635 du 17 Septembre 2015 sur l’école obligatoire pour tous les

Enfants de 6 à 16 ans;

− La Loi n°2015-532 du 20 Juillet 2015 portant Code du travail;

− La Loi n°2016-1111 du 08 Décembre 2016 relative à la lutte contre la traite des

personnes;

− Le Décret n°2006-11 du 22 février 2006 portant organisation du Ministère de

l’Intérieur qui crée en son article 31, la Sous-Direction de la Lutte contre le Trafic

d’Enfants et la Délinquance Juvénile;

− Le Décret n°2011-365 du 3 novembre 2011 portant création du Comité

Interministériel de lutte contre la Traite, l’Exploitation et le Travail des Enfants;

− Le Décret n°2011-366 du 3 novembre 2011 portant création du Comité National

de Surveillance des actions de Lutte contre la Traite, l’Exploitation et le Travail des

Enfants;

− Le Décret n°2013-857 du 19 décembre 2013 portant Institution du Parlement des

Enfants de Côte d’Ivoire;

− Le Décret n°2014-290 du 21 Mai 2014 portant modalités d’application de la Loi n°

2010-272 du 30 septembre 2010 portant interdiction de la traite et des pires

formes de travail des Enfants;

− Le Décret n°2014-675 du 5 novembre 2014 portant création, attributions,

organisation et fonctionnement de l’Unité de lutte contre la Criminalité

Transnationale organisée;

− Le Décret n°2017-227 du 13 avril 2017 fixant les attributions, la composition,

l'organisation et le fonctionnement du Comité National de Lutte contre la Traite

des Personnes;

− Le décret N°2018-925 du 12 décembre 2018 fixant les conditions et les modalités

d’assujettissement des personnes économiquement faibles ou démunies au

régime d’assistance médicale de la couverture maladie universelle;

− Le décret N° 2019-759 du 18 septembre 2019 portant création du registre social

unique des ménages pauvres et vulnérables;

− Le Décret N°2019-779 du 25 Septembre 2019 portant création, attributions,

organisation et fonctionnement du Comité Interministériel de Protection de

l’Enfant ;

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− L’Arrêté n°2017-016 MEPS/CAB du 02 juin 2017 déterminant la liste des travaux

légers autorisés aux Enfants dont l’âge est compris entre treize (13) et seize (16)

ans ;

− L’Arrêté n°2017-017 MEPS/CAB du 02 juin 2017 déterminant la liste des travaux

dangereux interdits aux Enfants ;

− L’Arrêté N° 147 /MFFAS/CAB portant création, attributions et organisations des

Groupements d’Enfants et des Comités de Groupements d’Enfants au sein des

communautés.

− L’Arrêté N° 2019-0123 MFFE-CAB du 09 Octobre 2019 déterminant les conditions

d’agrément des établissements associés au service public de la promotion et de la

protection de la femme, de la famille et de l’enfant

− L’Arrêté N°2019-0124 MFFE-CAB du 09 Octobre 2019 portant attributions,

composition et fonctionnement de la commission d’agrément des établissements

associés au service public de la promotion et de la protection de la femme, de la

famille et de l’enfant

− La Circulaire n°003/MJDH/CAB du 04 Juillet 2019 du Ministre de la Justice et des

Droits de l’Homme relative à la répression des auteurs de la traite et des pires

formes de travail des Enfants ; et

− La Circulaire N°006/MJDH/Cab du 11 septembre 2019 du Ministre de la Justice et

des Droits de l’Homme, relative à la répression des auteurs des pires formes de

travail des Enfants.

2.2. Acquis dans le domaine de la prévention du travail des enfants

Les actions entreprises par la Côte d’Ivoire pour prévenir le travail des enfants avaient

pour objectifs de sensibiliser et d’informer les populations sur les dangers du travail des

enfants afin de susciter une prise de conscience nationale et une implication individuelle

et collective dans la lutte contre le phénomène, d’éliminer les facteurs de risque et de

vulnérabilité qui exposent les enfants à la traite et à l’exploitation et d’accroître les

capacités des acteurs nationaux intervenant dans la chaine de remédiation pour une lutte

plus efficace sur le terrain.

c) 100% des coopératives certifiées de producteurs de cacao sont sensibilisées sur

l’interdiction du travail dangereux des enfants

Ce résultats a été obtenu grâce aux vastes campagnes de sensibilisation et de

communication par affichages, insertions presse et mass-médias réalisées par le

Comité National de Surveillance des actions de lutte contre la traite, l’exploitation et

le travail des enfants (CNS) à travers tout le pays, ainsi qu’aux sensibilisations de

proximités dans les communautés productrices de cacao.

Aujourd’hui, les producteurs de cacao qui s’adonnent à cette pratique le font dans les

plantations clandestines de cacao installées illégalement dans certaines forêts

classées où les mécanismes gouvernementaux de prévention et de protection des

enfants n’opèrent pas.

d) Hausse du taux de scolarisation dans la zone cacaoyère de 59% à 85% grâce à la

politique de l’école est obligatoire pour tous les enfants âgés de 6 à 16 ans

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La Loi n°2015-635 du 17 Septembre 2015 fait obligation aux parents dont les enfants

atteignent l’âge de 6 ans de les inscrire dans un établissement scolaire. Les parents

sont tenus de s’assurer de l’assiduité scolaire de leur enfant jusqu’à l’âge de 16 ans.

Pour une application effective de cette loi, l’Etat s’est engagé à construire chaque

année des écoles, des cantines scolaires, des logements décents pour les enseignants,

sur l’ensemble du territoire national afin de permettre à chaque enfant, où qu’il se

trouve, d’avoir accès à une éducation de base gratuite et de qualité. En effet, un

enfant scolarisé est moins exposé aux risques du travail des enfants qu’un enfant non

scolarisé.

A ce titre, le taux de scolarisation des enfants vivant dans des communautés

productrices de cacao est passé de 59% à 85% entre 2008/09 et 2018/19. Cette

augmentation a été stimulée par la construction, la rénovation et l’aménagement

d’écoles maternelles, primaires et secondaires, ainsi que la mise en œuvre

d’opérations spéciales d’enregistrement de naissance qui ont permis en a plus de

700 000 élèves d’écoles primaires dont la naissance n'a pas été déclarée, de recevoir

des jugements supplétifs en 2018-2019. Leur identité légale étant établie, ils peuvent

désormais s’inscrire à l’école secondaire et poursuivre leurs études.

2.3. Acquis dans le domaine de la protection des enfants

Dans le domaine de la protection des enfants, les actions menées avaient pour objectifs

de détecter les cas de traite et d’exploitation d’enfants, de porter secours et assistance à

ces enfants, de les retirer et de leur apporter des services de prise en charges adaptés à

leurs besoins spécifiques.

e) La Côte d’Ivoire dispose de 2 systèmes opérationnels de suivi et de remédiation du

travail des enfants déployés dans la zone cacaoyère

Il s’agit d’un part du SOSTECI (Système d’Observation et de Suivi du Travail des Enfants

en Côte d’Ivoire), mis en œuvre par le Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Protection

Sociale, et d’autre part du SSRTE (Système de Suivi et de Remédiation du Travail des

Enfants), mise en œuvre par l’Industrie du cacao et du chocolat à travers la Fondation

International Cocoa Initiative (ICI).

Ces 2 mécanismes permettent non seulement d’identifier et de faire le référencement

des enfants à risque ou victimes de travail des enfants, mais également de constituer

une base de données nationale sur le phénomène.

Par ailleurs, plus de 20 000 Comités villageois de protection de l’enfant ont été mis en

place à travers toute la zone cacaoyère pour prévenir et assurer une prise en charge

d’urgence des enfants victimes au niveau local.

f) La Côte d’Ivoire dispose de 3 centres d’accueil pour la prise en charge des enfants en

situation de détresse, y compris ceux victimes de traite et d’exploitation

3 Centres d’Accueil ont été construits par la Fondation Children Of Africa, à Soubré ans

l’ouest du pays dans la zone cacaoyère, à Bouaké dans le centre du pays, zone de

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transit de la traite d’enfants, et à Ferkessédougou, dans le Nord du pays, zone

d’entrée de la traite transfrontalière des enfants.

Ces Centres d’accueil permettent d’accroître et d’améliorer l’offre de service de prise

en charge institutionnelle des enfants victimes de traite et d’exploitation.

Ce dispositif institutionnel est renforcé par la ligne téléphonique gratuite n°116 qui

permet aux populations de signaler aux autorités compétentes et de dénoncer les cas

de violation des droits de l’enfant.

g) Le Programme d’Animation Communautaire de Protection des Enfants (ACPE)

adopté en 2016 en Conseil des Ministres est effectif dans la zone cacaoyère

Le Ministère de la Femme, de la Famille et de l’Enfants a institué dans 1150 localités à

travers le pays le programme d’animation communautaire de protection de l’enfant.

Ce programme vise les objectifs globaux suivants:

• Faciliter la prise de conscience, par les membres de la Communauté, des besoins

et des droits de l’enfant et sur les questions de protection de l’enfant au sein des

communautés;

• Mettre à profit les potentialités existantes dans la communauté pour la mise en

place de mécanismes locaux de protection de l’enfant.

Dans ce cadre, 690.000 personnes au sein des communautés, dont 70.000 enfants,

ont été sensibilisées sur les droits et devoirs des enfants, les besoins et la satisfaction

des besoins des enfants, les enfants à risque et les mécanismes communautaires pour

leur protection. 1150 Comités Locaux de Protection ont été mis en place par des

arrêtés préfectoraux. 1150 localités ont bénéficié de matériel pour espace de jeux

pour enfants suite à la mise à disposition de sites appropriés par les communautés.

Plus de 7000 jugements supplétifs ont été octroyés aux enfants dans le cadre du

référencement des cas auprès des services sociaux. 13 écoles communautaires ont

été construites et remise aux communautés dont 09 à San Pedro et 04 à Soubré. 700

travailleurs sociaux, 70 professionnels des médias et 30 membres du corps

préfectoraux des régions de San Pedro et Soubré ont été formés sur les droits de

l’enfant et le travail des enfants. 120 membres des Comités de Développement

Communautaires (CDCOM) et leaders communautaires ont été formés sur la

protection et le travail des enfants. 240 personnes, membres des familles d’accueil

ont été formées sur leur rôle et le droit des enfants et l’éducation par la non-violence.

h) Les enfants victimes de traite et d’exploitation ou d’autres formes de violence sont

régulièrement secourus et pris en charge par les services sociaux de l’Etat et les ONG

nationales

Plus de 27 000 enfants ont été assistés sur la période de 2017 à 2019 par les

Complexes Socio Educatifs du Ministère de la Femme, de la Famille et de l’Enfants,

pour exprimer différents besoins de protection et bénéficier de conseils. Parmi ces

27 000 enfants, 2 400 ont bénéficié d’une prise en charge, médicale, psychologique,

et d’un placement en institution ou en famille d’accueil.

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Au total, de 2012 à 2019, plus de 27 412 enfants vulnérables ou victimes de traite ou

de travail des enfants ont été assistés par les services sociaux de l’Etat et les ONG

locales.

2.4. Acquis au niveau de la répression et de l’application de la loi

Un accent particulier est mis sur la répression des trafiquants à travers le renforcement

des capacités opérationnelles de la police chargée de la lutte contre le travail des enfants,

et la réalisation régulière d’opérations de police et d’enquêtes de police dans la zone

cacaoyère.

i) Les capacités opérationnelles de la Brigade spéciale de la police nationale en charge

de la lutte contre le trafic d’enfants et le travail des enfants ont été renforcées.

Il s’agit de la Sous-direction de la police criminelle chargée de la lutte contre le trafic

d’enfants et la délinquance juvénile. Cette Unité de police a été équipée par le CNS

avec 11 véhicules tout terrain, 20 motos de patrouille, du mobilier de bureau, du

matériel informatique et de communication.

Le Gouvernement a entrepris par ailleurs affecté progressivement 200 policiers

supplémentaires pour augmenter l’effectif de cette brigade. Grâce à ce renforcement

de ses capacités opérationnelles, cette unité de police réalise régulièrement des

opérations de police dans la zone cacaoyère, ainsi que des patrouilles aux frontières

en vue d’intercepter les trafiquants d’enfants et de démanteler les réseaux

clandestins de traite et d’exploitation d’enfants.

Sa dernière opération de police dénommée « BIA 3 » s’est déroulé du 9 au 11 janvier

2020 dans la zone d’Aboisso et Noé et a permis de secourir 137 enfants victimes de la

traite aux fins d’exploitation économique, sexuelle et de la main d’œuvre et d’arrêter

12 trafiquants qui ont été déférés devant les tribunaux. Au total, ce sont 320

trafiquants d’enfants qui ont été condamnés à des peines d’emprisonnement ferme

entre 2012 et 2019.

j) La Côte d’Ivoire a créé et déployé 6 nouvelles brigades de police de lutte contre le

travail des enfants dans 6 départements du pays

Le Ministre de la Sécurité et de la Protection civile a pris un arrêté qui crée 6 antennes

régionales de police de lutte contre le travail des enfants à San Pedro, Soubré, Man,

Korhogo, Bouaké et Bondoukou. Ces 6 antennes ont été équipées en véhicules tout

terrain, en motos de patrouille et en personnel afin qu’elles soient immédiatement

opérationnelles et mènent des actions de prévention et de répression sur le terrain.

L’objectif visé par cette mesure est de parvenir à un maillage plus efficace du

territoire national pour des actions de police de proximité et assurer une présence

régulière et un contrôle permanant de la police dans les zones rurales.

III. Actions prioritaires de la Côte d’Ivoire dans le domaine de la lutte contre le travail des enfants

La Côte d’Ivoire, dans l’objectif de consolider ses acquis et de garantir durablement l’élimination

du travail des enfants dans la chaîne d’approvisionnement du cacao, a lancé deux projets de

grande envergure. Il s’agit d’une part de la mise en place d’un système national unifié de

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traçabilité du cacao d’origine Côte d’Ivoire pour assurer la transparence de la chaine

d’approvisionnement, et d’autre part, de l’élaboration d’une Norme régionale africaine pour un

cacao durable en vue de garantir la certification du cacao aux normes éthiques et

environnementales.

k) Assurer la transparence de la chaîne d’approvisionnement du cacao

La transparence de la chaîne d’approvisionnement du cacao se réalisera à travers la

mise en place d’un système national unifié de traçabilité. Ce projet national est piloté

par le Gouvernement à travers le Conseil du Café-Cacao dans le cadre de l’initiative

cacao et forêt (ICF). Il comporte trois axes d’action essentiels à savoir la conception et

l’implémentation du système, l’amélioration de la cartographie de la chaine

d’approvisionnement avec principalement le recensement des producteurs et enfin, la

mise en place d’un système de suivi-évaluation. Ce projet permettra d’orienter plus

efficacement les actions de lutte contre le travail des enfants.

l) Assurer un contrôle régulier et plus efficace de l’inspection du travail dans les

plantations de cacao

Le contrôle de l’Inspection du travail dans les plantations de cacao sera renforcé par le

recrutement de 150 Agents vérificateurs du travail des enfants qui seront

exclusivement dédiés au contrôle dans les plantations de cacao.

Il convient de rappeler qu’au cours des trois premiers trimestres de l’année 2019, les

services d’Inspection du Travail ont effectué 1548 contrôles des lieux de travail. Ces

contrôles ont été réalisés pour identifier toutes les infractions qui ont été commises

sur les lieux de travail, y compris en matière de travail des enfants dans les plantations

de cacao.

m) Opérationnaliser la Norme régionale africaine pour le cacao durable

La norme régionale africaine pour le cacao durable comprend la norme SRS 1001 qui

renferme les exigences relatives au Système de Management du Producteur en tant

qu’entité, ou du Groupe de Producteurs, de la Coopérative et à la Performance. La

norme SRS 1002 quant à elle renferme les exigences relatives à la Qualité et à la

Traçabilité du Cacao, et la norme SRS 1003 renferme les exigences relatives au

Système de certification du Cacao.

A travers cette norme, la Côte d’Ivoire est résolue à produire du cacao certifié sans

travail des enfants et respectueux des normes éthiques et environnementales.

n) Renforcer le partenariat public-privé et le cadre de redevabilité en matière de lutte

contre le travail des enfants

Le Gouvernement de Côte d’Ivoire et les entreprises leaders du secteur du chocolat et

du cacao ont convenu d’un Cadre d’action conjoint, ambitieux visant à accélérer les

progrès vers une éradication du travail des enfants dans les communautés

productrices de cacao en Côte d’Ivoire. Cette nouvelle collaboration entre le secteur

privé et le secteur public mettra à l’échelle des actions et des investissements allant

de 2020 jusqu’en 2025 qui devront servir à renforcer la mise en œuvre du Plan

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d’Action National 2019-2021 de lutte contre la traite, l’exploitation et le travail des

enfants (PAN), et contribuera à la réalisation de la cible 8.7 des Objectifs de

développement durable (ODD), relatif à l’éradication du travail des enfants sous

toutes ses formes à l’échéance 2025.

IV. Point des investissements réalisés par le Gouvernement en 2019 dans le cadre de la mise en

œuvre du Plan d’Action National 2019-2021 de lutte contre la traite, l’exploitation et le travail

des enfants

En 2019, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du Plan d’Action National 2019-2021 de lutte contre

la traite, l’exploitation et le travail des enfants, le Gouvernement de Côte d’Ivoire a consenti des

investissements importants pour lutter contre le travail des enfants.

Le point de ces investissements au titre de l’année 2019 donne une estimation de plus de 43,4

milliards de FCFA, soit environ $24,05 millions de dollars américains

(USD)

Ces investissements prennent en compte les actions au niveau des programmes sociaux du

Gouvernement, les actions menées par le Comité Interministériel de lutte contre la traite,

l’exploitation et le travail des enfants (CIM), les actions menées par le Conseil du Café-Cacao, et

les actions menées par le CNS.

o) Actions au niveau des programmes sociaux du Gouvernement

En 2019, dans le cadre des programmes sociaux, le Gouvernement a investi 24,9

milliards FCFA, soit plus de $13,7 millions USD. Ces investissements ont été réalisés

principalement dans deux domaines, à savoir l’amélioration des conditions de vie des

populations et la lutte contre la pauvreté.

p) Dans le domaine de l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations

Les investissements ont été réalisés pour la réparation et la réhabilitation de

21 000 pompes hydrauliques villageoises à motricité humaine en milieu rural.

L’objectif visé est d’améliorer l’accès des populations rurales à l’eau potable, en vue

de réduire la prévalence des maladies hydriques et l’exposition des enfants, en

particulier des filles au port et au transport fréquent de l’eau pour la consommation

des familles. En effet, cette acticité de port d’eau dans les villages qui ne disposent

pas de pompes hydrauliques, représente une des causes d’abandon scolaire des filles

en milieu rural.

q) Dans le domaine de la lutte contre la pauvreté

Pour lutter contre la pauvreté, 35 000 ménages indigents ont bénéficié en 2019 du

projet Filets sociaux productifs. Il s’agit d’une sorte de « bourse familiale »

permettant d’octroyer une allocation trimestrielle de 36 000 FCFA, soit environ $20.0

USD, aux ménages les plus pauvres de Côte d'Ivoire.

r) Actions menées par les 13 Ministères membres du CIM

$1 dollar américain = 554 francs CFA

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En 2019, les 13 Ministères membres du CIM, ont collectivement investis 13, 8

milliards FCFA, soit plus de $7,6 millions USD dans la lutte contre le travail des

enfants. Ces investissements portent principalement sur l’éducation, le renforcement

des capacités opérationnelles de l’Inspection du travail et la protection des enfants.

s) Dans le domaine de l’éducation

Dans le domaine de l’éducation, les investissements cumulés des Ministères membres

du CIM ont permis de faire d’importants réalisations, dont:

− La construction de 3077 salles de classes du préscolaire et primaire à travers le

pays;

− La construction de 22 collèges de proximité en milieu rural à travers tout le pays;

− La distribution gratuite de 1 250 000 de Manuels scolaires aux élèves du primaire

sur toute l'étendue du territoire national;

− La distribution de 4 257 600 Kits scolaires du primaire sur l’ensemble du territoire

national; et

− La fourniture de 3 346,378 tonnes de vivres dans 4809 cantines scolaires au

bénéfice de 878 511 élèves.

t) Dans le domaine de l’Inspection du travail

− 25 services de l’Inspection du travail à travers le pays ont été équipés en

véhicules tout terrain pour leur permettre de réaliser plus efficacement des

contrôles sur les lieux de travail y compris dans les plantations de cacao.

− En 2019, les Inspecteurs du travail ont réalisé 2674 contrôles à travers le pays.

u) Dans le domaine de la protection des enfants

En 2019, les services sociaux de l’Etat ont permis à 119 enfants victimes de traite de

rejoindre leur pays d’origine et de retrouver leur famille. Parmi ces enfants, 25 sont

de nationalité Nigériane, 6 du Benin, 54 du Burkina Faso, 3 du Togo, 8 du Mali et 8 du

Ghana.

En plus de ces 119 enfants qui ont été ramenés à leurs familles, le Ministère de la

Femme, de la Famille et de l’Enfants a placé 19 enfants victimes de traite en

Institution de Protection de Remplacement, le temps de retrouver leurs familles

d’origine.

v) Les actions menées par le Conseil du Café-cacao

En 2019, le Conseil du Café-Cacao a investi 3 249 770 023 FCFA, soit plus de $1,8

millions USD dans la lutte contre le travail des enfants dans les régions productrices

de cacao. Ces investissements ont été réalisés dans le domaine de l’éducation, de la

santé, de l’eau potable et de la traçabilité du cacao.

w) Dans le domaine de l’éducation

La scolarisation obligatoire des enfants en Côte d’Ivoire permet de réduire leur

exposition aux risques de travail des enfants. Cette politique du Gouvernement

implique la construction d’écoles pour permettre à tous les enfants âgés de 6 à 16 ans

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où qu’ils se trouvent d’avoir accès à l’éducation. A ce titre en 2019, le Conseil du

Café-Cacao a financé la construction de salles de classe ainsi que des fournitures

scolaires. Il s’agit entre autre de:

− La construction de 42 classes primaires avec bureaux du Directeur pour un coût

de 359 956 086 FCFA, soit plus de $199,415.0 USD.

− La construction de 10 cantines scolaires dans la zone cacaoyère pour un coût de

51 175 740 FCFA, soit plus de $28,351.0 USD.

− La construction de 39 logements d'enseignants dans la zone cacaoyère pour un

coût de 590 617 794 FCFA, soit plus de $327,202.0 USD.

− La distribution de 45 000 kits scolaires aux élèves du primaire pour un cout de

270 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $149,580.0 USD.

− La distribution de 5 000 uniformes scolaires aux élèves des écoles primaires dans

la zone cacaoyère, pour un coût de 35 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $19,390.0 USD.

− La fourniture de 5 000 table-bancs dans les écoles primaires dans la zone

cacaoyère, pour un coût de 200 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $110,800.0 USD.

− La construction de 42 blocs de 6 latrines dans les écoles primaires construites par

le Conseil du café-cacao dans la zone cacaoyère, pour un coût de 54 600 000

FCFA, soit plus de $30,248.0 USD.

x) Dans le domaine de la santé

Dans l’objectif d’améliorer l’accès des populations rurales vivant dans la zone

cacaoyère aux soins de santé, le Conseil du Café-Cacao a construit et équipé 2 centres

de santé dans deux localité de la zone cacaoyère. 2 logements, dont un pour

l'Infirmier et un pour la Sages-femmes ont été également construits pour Permettre

au personnel médical d’être plus proches des populations. Le cout total de ces

investissements est de 101 113 228 FCFA, soit plus de $56,016.0 USD.

Par ailleurs, au titre de l’année 2019, le Conseil du Café-Cacao a octroyé 6 ambulances

aux communautés des zones cacaoyères pour permettre l’évacuation sanitaire des

malades vers les centres hospitaliers urbains. Ces 6 ambulances ont un coût estimé à

180 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $99,720.0 USD.

y) Dans le domaine de l’eau potable

En 2019, le Conseil du Café-Cacao a réalisé 135 forages d'eau potable dans la zone

cacaoyère, pour un coût de 819 078 075 FCFA, soit plus de $453,769.0 USD; 195

pompes hydrauliques à motricité humaine ont été construites et/ou réparées dans la

zone cacaoyère pour un coût de 493 229 100 FCFA, soit plus de $273,248.0 USD.

La construction de ces infrastructures sociales de base a pour objectif d’améliorer les

conditions de vie des populations rurales en vue de leur donner les capacités sociales

pour une protection plus efficace des enfants au sein de la communauté.

z) Dans le domaine de la traçabilité du cacao

La mise en place d’un système national de traçabilité de la chaîne

d’approvisionnement du cacao est en partie motivée par le défi de la transparence de

la chaîne d’approvisionnement. Le processus est en cours et a démarré avec la

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réalisation d’une étude de faisabilité d’un coût de 95 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de

$52,630.0 USD.

Dans cette même logique, une opération de recensement de tous les producteurs de

cacao, ainsi que de leurs plantations de cacao est en cours de réalisation en Côte

d’Ivoire. Cette opération est financée et menée par le Conseil du Café-Cacao.

aa) Actions menées par le CNS

En 2019, le CNS a investi 1 466 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $812,000.0 USD dans la

lutte contre le travail des enfants.

Les investissements du CNS ont été réalisés dans divers domaines, à savoir dans le

domaine de la sensibilisation des populations, dans le domaine du renforcement des

capacités des acteurs, dans le domaine de la protection des enfants et dans le

domaine de la répression des trafiquants d’enfants.

bb) Dans le domaine de la sensibilisation

En 2019, le CNS a lancé la 3

ème

édition de sa vaste campagne de sensibilisation et de

communication par affichages, insertions presse et mass médias sur l’ensemble du

territoire national pour un coût de 150 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $83,100.0 USD.

Cette campagne de communication a pour objectif de sensibiliser d’informer les

populations sur l’interdiction des pires formes de travail des enfants.

En 2019, le CNS a également produit et distribué plus de 8500 supports de

sensibilisation sur les travaux dangereux interdits aux enfants de moins de 18 ans aux

coopératives de producteurs de cacao, pour un coût de 25 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de

$13,850.0 USD. Ce matériel devrait permettre aux coopératives de réaliser des

sensibilisations de proximité dans les communautés dans lesquelles elles

interviennent.

cc) Dans le domaine du renforcement des capacités des acteurs

En mai 2019, le CNS a organisé à Abidjan, un séminaire de formation des

professionnels de la presse, de la communication et des médias, pour l’élaboration

d’une stratégie nationale de communication en matière de lutte contre le travail des

enfants, pour un coût de 15 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $8,310.0 USD.

Ce séminaire avait pour objectif d’élaborer une stratégie nationales de

communication permettant de sensibiliser toutes les populations vivant en Côte

d’Ivoire, qu’il s’agisse des populations urbaines, rurales, où de celles qui vivent

clandestinement dans certaines forêts classées.

dd) Dans le domaine de la protection des enfants

En décembre 2019, le CNS a mis en service le deuxième centre d’accueil pour enfants

à Bouaké, après celui de Soubré. La construction de ce centre d’accueil a été

entièrement financée par la Fondation Children Of Africa pour un coût de

1 000 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $554,000.0 USD.

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Ce centre permet de prendre en charge et de réhabiliter les enfants en détresse, y

compris ceux victimes de la traite et du travail des enfants, à travers l’éducation et la

formation professionnelle.

Par ailleurs, le CNS a contribué à l’assistance et à la prise en charge de 545 enfants

victimes de traite et d’exploitation secourus par les services sociaux de l’Etat et les

ONG locales, pour un appui financier de 10 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $5,540.0 USD.

ee) Dans le domaine de la répression des trafiquants d’enfants

En 2019, le CNS a renforcé les capacités opérationnelles de la Sous-direction de la

police criminelle chargé de la lutte contre le trafic d’enfants et la délinquance juvénile,

à travers l’équipement de cette brigade en 2 véhicules tous-terrains, matériel

informatique et de communication, fournitures et mobilier de bureau, pour un cout

de 200 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $110,800.0 USD.

Grâce à cet appui matériel, la Sous-direction de la police criminelle chargée de la lutte

contre le travail d’enfants et la délinquance juvénile à réaliser des opérations sur le

terrain qui ont permis d’appréhender et de faire condamner à des peines

d’emprisonnement fermes, 27 trafiquants par les tribunaux de justice en 2019.

Le CNS a également soutenu la réalisation d’une opération de police de lutte contre la

traite et le travail des enfants. En effet, en décembre 2019, le CNS a accordé un

financement de 15 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de $8,310.0 USD à la Sous-direction de la

police criminelle chargée de la lutte contre la traite d’enfants et la délinquance

juvénile pour la réalisation d’une opération de police dans la zone cacaoyère. Cette

opération de police dénommée « BIA 3 » s’est déroulé du 9 au 11 janvier 2020 dans la

zone d’Aboisso et Noé et a permis de secourir 137 enfants victimes de la traite aux

fins d’exploitation économique, sexuelle et de la main d’œuvre et d’arrêter 12

trafiquants qui ont été déférés devant les tribunaux.

Conclusion

La Côte d’Ivoire est résolument engagée dans la lutte contre le travail des enfants et ne ménagera aucun

effort pour parvenir progressivement à l’éradication durable et définitive de ce phénomène de la chaîne

d’approvisionnement du cacao.

A cet égard, le gouvernement, avec le soutien de ses partenaires, a régulièrement consentit des

investissements importants pour assurer la protection des enfants contre toutes les formes de violences

et d’exploitations, et promouvoir l’accès des communautés productrices de cacao aux services sociaux

de base.

A ce titre, dans le cadre des activités liées à la mise en œuvre du Protocole de Harkin-Engel, la Côte

d’Ivoire a consenti les investissements suivants:

− 2012-2013: 4 461 993 656 FCFA, soit plus de 2,4 millions de dollars américains;

− 2014-2015: 8 782 188 065 FCFA, soit plus de 4,8 millions de dollars américains;

− 2015-2016: 9 003 673 169 FCFA, soit plus de 4,9 millions de dollars américains;

− 2016 2017: 8 000 000 000 FCFA, soit plus de 4,4 millions de dollars américains; et

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− 2018-2019: 4 585 091 058 FCFA, soit plus de 2,5 millions de dollars américains.

Pour la période allant de 2019 à 2021, la Côte d’Ivoire et ses partenaires ont planifié des activités pour

un financement global de 76 milliards de FCFA soit 127 millions de dollars américains, dont 28 milliards

de FCFA déjà investis au titre du programme social du gouvernement. Cette hausse significative du

budget du Plan d’Action National 2019-2021 répond à la nécessité d’intensifier les efforts et de passer à

l’échelle, de s’attaquer aux causes profondes du travail des enfants ainsi qu’aux nouveaux défis, tels que

la traçabilité de la chaîne d’approvisionnement du cacao, la lutte contre la déforestation et la lutte

contre le travail des enfants dans certaines forêts classées.

A ce titre, en 2019, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du Plan d’Action National 2019-2021 de lutte

contre la traite, l’exploitation et le travail des enfants, le Gouvernement de Côte d’Ivoire a investi plus

de 43,4 milliards de FCFA, soit plus de 24,5 millions de dollars américains

Les efforts consentis par la Côte d’Ivoire lui ont permis de satisfaire aux critères d’éligibilité de pays

pionnier de l’Alliance 8.7 des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD). Il s’agit des pays qui ont

décidé d’intensifier leurs efforts et de servir de modèle en matière de lutte contre le travail des enfants.

L’alliance 8.7 des ODD est une initiative de l’OIT qui rassemble toutes les parties intéressées pour unir

leurs forces en vue d'atteindre la cible 8.7 de l'objectif de développement durable qui a pour priorité

d'éliminer le travail des enfants sous toutes ses formes d'ici à 2025 et d'éradiquer le travail forcé,

l'esclavage moderne et la traite des êtres humains d'ici à 2030.

1 dollar américain = 554 francs CFA

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

INTRODUCTION

In September 2010, the Governments of Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Industry, and USDOL, in collaboration

with NGOs and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) among others, signed the Declaration, which was

witnessed by Senator Tom Harkin, Representative Eliot Engel and the International Labour Organization.

The purpose of signing the Protocol was to negotiate with the parties to reduce the incidence rate of

child labour and to avoid the imminent threat of boycott of cocoa products in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana

by the international market, especially the U.S., due to reported predominance of child labour in

Ghana’s cocoa industry. More disturbing was the issue of trafficking of minors purposely to work on the

cocoa farms under slavery-like conditions. This was reported earlier in 2005 by ILO/IPEC in a pilot survey

to know the extent and nature of the WFCL and forced adult labour in selected cocoa producing

districts.

This Declaration formalized the new Framework, a holistic set of coordinated remediation initiatives

with the following ambitious goals:

• By 2020, the WFCL as defined by ILO Convention 182 in the cocoa sectors of Côte d’Ivoire and

Ghana will be reduced by 70% in aggregate through joint efforts by key stakeholders to provide

and support remediation services for children removed from the WFCL, including education and

vocational training, protective measures to address issues of occupational safety and health

(OSH) related to cocoa production, and livelihood services for the households of children in

cocoa growing communities;

• The establishment and implementation of a credible and transparent sector-wide monitoring

system across cocoa growing regions in the two countries, and

• The promotion of respect for core labor standards.

In order to meet this challenge in a coordinated and transparent manner, the Framework also called for

regular public reports to be issued on progress and lessons learned.

In Ghana, there were already existing national structures and legal frameworks to guide the

implementation process, such as the National Steering Committee on Child Labour (NSSCL) with its

overarching oversight responsibility which monitored NPECLC to develop and implement appropriate

interventions to meet the aspirations and goals of the Harkin-Engel Protocol.

Some of the relevant national and international instruments related to child labour, to support the

realization of the programme included the 1992 Constitution of Ghana, the Children’s Act 1998 (Act

560), the Human Trafficking Act, the Domestic Violence Act 2007 (Act 732), the UN Convention on the

Rights of the Child, ILO Conventions 138 (Minimum Age Convention) and 182 (Worst Forms of Child

Labour), the African Union Charter on the Rights of the Child, the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs), and the Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (FCUBE). Further to these, various

interventions were put in place since the year 2011 to date.

The protocol treaty required countries to conduct nationally representative child labour surveys,

recurring at least every five years. The 2008-2009 field survey conducted by Tulane University was

considered the baseline for the programme. The mid-term review survey was done in the year 2013-

2014 harvest season in cocoa growing areas, with a report made in 2014 by Tulane University. The final

assessment survey conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago in 2018-2019 is yet to be finalized.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

These surveys were to provide comparable data for ongoing assessment of child labor prevalence in the

cocoa growing areas and a commitment to make publicly available the related survey methodologies, all

raw data, and reports based on the findings of the surveys in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire.

In view of the anticipated increase in the incidence of child labour, stakeholders in the cocoa sector

began a conversation to address the gaps and challenges in the child labour elimination process which

has led to an ongoing process of developing a Framework for Action (FFA) by an established public-

private partnership.

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES SINCE 2011

• NSCCL

• CLU, Labour Department

• District Child Protection Committees (DCPCs)

• Community Child Protection Committees (CCPCs)

• Child Labour Desk at all Lead Agencies

Implementing Partners

• Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare (MESW)

• NPECLC

• Metropolitan, Municipal, District Assemblies (MMDAs, Local Government Authority)

• ILO

• COCOBOD

• District Social Welfare Office

• District Labour Office

• Employment Information Bureau

• Ghana Statistical Service

• Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD)

• National Development Planning Commission

• Ministry of Education (MOE)

• Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice (District Office)

• CSOs (Media, NGOs)

• CCPCs

• Community Data Collectors (members of the CCPCs with adequate literacy and numeracy

capacity)

National Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour in Cocoa (NPECLC)

NPECLC established, designed and implemented interventions using the GCLMS to identify children in

Child Labour, those at risk among other preventive interventions to address child labour issues

holistically between the period 2006 and 2015. Some significant achievements were made. However,

the programme became dormant in 2015 due to internal challenges as a result of change of

Government. This compelled the new Sector Ministry to take steps to revamp the programme to

address the gaps and challenges identified during the implementation of the Phase I of the NPA (NPA1,

2009 -2015) and to consider emerging issues so that it could be aligned to the National Plan of Action for

the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour phase II (NPA 2, 2017-2021).

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The CLU already in existence as the secretariat to the NSCCL, was made to coordinate all activities on

child labour in the country including the cocoa sector. A Technical Working Group was constituted by

the Sector Ministry to develop Phase II of NPA2 with CLU as the secretariat and also coordinating the

activities.

Primary goals and objectives:

a. Enhancement of the knowledge base on child labour in the cocoa sub-sector to inform planning,

programme design and implementation, awareness raising and advocacy activities, monitoring

and evaluation of interventions, as well as certification and monitoring under the Harkin-Engel

Protocol.

b. Strengthening of the legal framework for dealing with WFCL in cocoa growing areas, with the

main emphasis on the enforcement of existing laws and regulations;

c. Mobilization of cocoa growing communities, district assemblies, the local cocoa industry and

other key stakeholders to work together to eliminate child labour, with a particular focus on the

WFCL, through awareness raising campaigns, networking and community participation;

d. Development and implementation of interventions for eliminating WFCL in cocoa growing areas,

with priority emphasis on the different stages of the cocoa production process;

e. Promotion of universal basic education and human resource development among cocoa growing

communities;

f. Development and implementation of interventions that reduce the need for child labour in the

cocoa sub-sector; and

g. Development of institutional, technical and organizational capacities at Central, Regional,

District and Community levels to effectively address child labour in the country, with particular

emphasis on WFCL in the cocoa sub-sector.

Through thirteen (13) action programs, various interventions were rolled out in the country to provide

services to children and families towards the achievement of the project's goals. A summary of progress

in the reporting period were as follows:

A. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2011

The Ghana Child Labour Monitoring System was launched in 2010 with the objectives to:

• Obtain a comprehensive information on all children in or at risk of the WFCL;

• Institute timely, adequate, sustainable and appropriate response at all levels to eliminate the

WFCL;

• Secure ownership and mainstream the elimination of the WFCL into national policies and

structures; and

• Support national efforts to meet its obligation under ILO Convention 182.

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Provision was made to run the GCLMS for a year on pilot basis in 2011 with funds from COCOBOD. The

Ghana COCOBOD committed a total of GHC 1,900,000.00 to NPECLC to implement its planned activities.

Programme Target

The GCLMS targeted six (6) districts and sixty (60) communities in Assin North- Assin Fosu Hohoe-

Hohoe, Asante Akyim North- Konongo, Sefwi Wiaso- Wiawso, Dormaa West- Dormaa Ahenkro, and

Suhum Kraboa Coaltar-Suhum.

Beneficiaries

The primary target beneficiaries were children between 5-17 years who are identified in child labour or

at high risk of entering into child labour. All such children in the 60 target communities were possible

beneficiaries.

Data collectors across all the 60 communities and district focal persons had been trained and resourced

with the necessary logistics to implement the GCLMS. The target communities were sensitized in

readiness for the GCLMS roll out. The collaborative support of Ghana Government and all donor

partners were a critical motivation for the success story of the GCLMS.

ILO Projects

Under the ILO CCP, PPP and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (ECOWAS I & II)

programmes, the GCLMS was also used to identify children in child labour, at risk and in the WFCL

targeting 4 districts (Wassa Amenfi West District in Western Region; Birim South and Suhum Kraboa

Coaltar Districts in Eastern Region and Twifo-Heman-Lower Denkyira District in the Central Region). The

projects’ work at the district level resulted in education and infrastructure improvements in 8

communities. District Education Offices agreed to incorporate child labor into extra-curricular activities

to do advocacy against child labor.

The National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) and a sub-committee of the National Steering

Committee (NSC) developed and launched an awareness raising campaign. Through radio broadcasts

and durbars, the campaign had, in particular, enhanced the knowledge base of the NCCE staff on child

labor and its worst forms, especially in the cocoa sector, and enabled them to play their role in

preventing child labor and increasing school enrolment and retention.

Livelihood programs were carried out in collaboration with social partners, such as the General

Agricultural Workers Union (GAWU) to ameliorate OSH. A manual for agents of change in cocoa

communities in Ghana was developed by GAWU on the elimination of hazardous child labor and OSH

risks.

Outputs

• The number of households benefiting from awareness raising campaigns, capacity-building and

other services through the CLMS and CAP process were 1200 households;

• The number of children withdrawn or prevented from child labor as a result of the CLMS and

CAP activity were 2000 children; and

• The number of children engaged in or at risk of entering child labor provided with social or

educational services were 1000 children.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

B. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2012

NPECLC’s Activities in 2012

Economic Livelihoods

NPECLC looked at improving the livelihoods of cocoa households through the additional livelihood

scheme. The target were women who normally are not farm owners but only accompany their

husbands to the farms.

Education on Child Labour through Sensitization and Awareness Raising Campaigns

NPECLC embarked on sensitization and awareness raising campaigns in the farming communities to

bring the farmers to the realization of the menace of child labour on the children.

Law Enforcement

Law enforcement agencies including police, immigration, customs, fire service, etc. were sensitized on

the need to help strengthen the laws that protect children by enforcing its implementation on the

citizenry.

Capacity Building for Institutions on Child Labour

All relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies including CSOs and NGOs and the media (print and

electronic) were trained on the concepts of child labour and the need to combat it.

Labour Saving Techniques to Improve Farming

NPECLC’s objective was to reduce much human involvement by introducing labour saving tools. In

collaboration with the Cocoa Research Institute, a pruner was developed and piloted to be revised

before mass production for use by farmers.

NPECLC, through the National Partners Forum (NPF) organized three (3) times yearly, effectively

coordinated the efforts of key partners which allowed for the sharing of best practices and approaches

towards the elimination of child labour. This resulted in partners’ submission of quarterly reports to the

NPECLC on the elimination child labour in the cocoa sector.

Major activities that took place in 2012 were concentrated on the following:

• Development and implementation of interventions for eliminating WFCL in cocoa growing areas,

with priority emphasis on the different stages of the cocoa production process;

• Promotion of universal basic education and human resource development among cocoa growing

communities;

• Development and implementation of interventions that reduce the need for child labour in the

cocoa sub-sector; and

• Development of institutional, technical and organizational capacities at central, regional, district

and community levels to effectively address child labour in the country, with particular emphasis

on WFCL in the cocoa sub-sector.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

Good practices

• The encouragement of communities to develop CAPs led to more communities initiating self-

help projects.

• The involvement of the community, promoted community ownership of all programmes.

• Information sharing with partners helped to consolidate all partner-base interventions who

reported on activities periodically.

C. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT IN 2013

In 2013, NPECLC completed the pilot phase of the GCLMS in five (5) cocoa growing districts and twenty-

five (25) cocoa growing communities. NPECLC convened a partners meeting to discuss the results of this

pilot phase and finalized a report on the piloting of the GCLMS.

Under the Ghana’s NPA1, the GCLMS

had been designed to harmonize previous CLMS initiatives in the country by establishing one central

CLMS.

Prior to initiating the pilot phase, the Government of Ghana established a sub-committee of the

NSCCL to oversee the implementation of the GCLMS framework and strategy.

The GCLMS was successfully implemented in 5 out of the planned 6 districts and covered 5 communities

per district. The actual data collection exercise lasted about 6 months, and a total of 3,512 households

were registered. A total of 12,499 individuals were registered in the 3,512 households. The distribution

indicates that 46% of the total number of persons registered was children who are aged between 5 and

17 years. There were more female children than male children in households in most of the districts.

Quick summary of major findings (A GCLMS report is available for further details.)

• Total number of households registered: 3,512

• Total number of persons registered (within 3,512): 12,499

• Total number of children (5-17 years) registered (out of 12,499): 5,741

• Total number of children at risk/suspected child labourers: 2,949

• Total number of children not at risk/suspected child labourers: 2,792 21

• Number of children at risk/child labour-monitored (out of 2,949): 561

• Child labourers-general (out of 561): 419

• Children not in child labour (out of 561):142

• WFCL (hazardous) (out of 419): 299

• WFCL (unconditional) (out of 419):

• Child labour (non-hazardous) (out of 419): 120

• Total children referred for support (470+2,388): 2,858

At the community level, implementation of the GCLMS was guided by the DCPCs, made up of technical

and implementation teams. The DCPCs played the oversight role on community data collectors and

established CCPCs.

Community sensitization was conducted in all thirty (30) selected communities. Prior to the start of the

pilot, NPECLC pre-tested data collection tools and carried out training on the GCLMS at the national,

district, and community levels. NPECLC also developed a database for the GCLMS and trained district

focal persons and data entry staff to use the software. NPECLC’s efforts to roll-out and implement the

GCLMS also benefited from the support of projects funded by Ferrero, Mars, Mondelēz, and USDOL.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

D. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT IN 2014

In 2014, the piloted GCLMS which identified two thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight children

(2,858), supported 1,811 out of 2,858 children, and assessed the needs of the 1,047 remaining children

to be supported by the end of the year. Tools I & II were merged following recommendations by the

pilot to make it less expensive and less cumbersome and also to save time. NPECLC was re-launched to

renew the activities of the Programme to continue from where it left off after the GCLMS was

successfully piloted in 2012. A GCLMS trainers' manual was developed for the use by all Implementing

Partners.

Collaboration

NPECLC collaborated with ILO projects that were running at the time to implement the GCLMS began in

sixty-two (62) communities in six (6) districts. Over four thousand, three hundred children (4,300)

children were identified, monitored and given support. Parents of beneficiary children were also

provided with additional livelihood support ventures and petty trading opportunities to enhance their

economic situation.

Also, NPECLC in collaboration with the Ghana Investment Fund for Electronic Communication (GIFEC)

established ICT centers in nine selected communities with one hundred (100) computers donated by

GIFEC.

The Industry-funded projects aligned with the Framework also had notable accomplishments during the

year. Mars created child protection committees (CPCs) and developed Community Development Plans

in fifty-seven (57) communities. Fererro established community learning centers at local schools.

Mondelez Cocoa Life supported families with livelihood programmes to improve on their standard of

living and constructed school blocks in communities among others.

Tulane conducted a nationally representative child labor surveys during the 2013-2014 harvest season

in partnership with local researchers from the ENSEA in Côte d'Ivoire and the Institute of Statistical,

Social and Economic Research (ISSER) of the University of Ghana, and in consultation with the

Governments of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Tulane's activities during the review period focused primarily

on the completion of the survey questionnaires, data collection, and data analysis. During December

2014, Tulane presented its preliminary findings at consultative meetings held in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana

and received feedback from stakeholders. Tulane subsequently took additional steps to address the

feedback provided during these meetings, as well as to address issues related to data collection

identified during further checks of the survey data.

Awareness Raising and Social Mobilization

The project continued to raise awareness of CCPCs, community members, and beneficiaries on child

labor and education by using videos, t-shirts, posters, information vans, community radios programs,

and drama/role play by SCREAM clubs and community members. Parents, teachers, community leaders

and children now appreciate the importance of education and the negative consequences of child labor

on the child.

The project supported a media launch at the International Press Centre with journalists, government

dignitaries, and social partners in attendance. It also supported various activities to mark the World Day

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

Against Child Labour across all target districts. Support included district/community soccer matches, art

and quiz competitions, and drama skits.

The project instituted a 'Red Card to Child Labour' campaign using soccer in all target districts as a yearly

Event.

With GNAT and Education International, the project trained teachers in modern methods of teaching as

well as in their roles and responsibilities in the elimination and monitoring of child labor. Three (3)

districts throughout the life of the project benefitted from these trainings.

Targeted national and sub-national level partners were mobilized to continue social mobilization

activities after the close of project. Partners included the National Commission for Education,

Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, the Ghana Education Services (GES), the

Ministries of Labour and Social Welfare, Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES) of the

Ministry of food and Agriculture (MoFA), National Board for Small Scale Industry (NBSSI), Community

Development and Cooperative Departments, Social Partners (GAWU, Ghana Employers’ Association

(GEA) and Ghana National Association of Teachers (GNAT), DCPCs, CCPCs, Chiefs, teachers, parents, and

the forty-one (41) SCREAM Clubs set up by the Project in collaboration with GES.

E. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT IN 2015

COCOBOD initiated three key interventions to complement the Government of Ghana’s efforts at

reducing WFCL in cocoa during the 2014-2015 season. The interventions were essential backstops to

reinforce the foundation established through the sensitization campaigns and helped elicit farmer

cooperation to implement programs designed to address the main triggers of child labor.

The projects’ main goals included:

• Continuous sensitization and education on the WFCL which was a major part of the curriculum

of COCOBOD Extension Manual. This manual was used for training Extension staff as well as

sensitizing farmers at the community level on the worst from of child labor.

• Providing basic school infrastructure, including kindergarten, in deprived cocoa communities to

help enhance basic education delivery.

• Motivating the youth to appreciate the economic benefits of cocoa and develop professional

careers in cocoa farming to improve their livelihoods.

COCOBOD Child Education Support Program: Project Summary

A principal focus of COCOBOD’s child education support program was to provide basic school

infrastructure in deprived cocoa communities where children commute long distances to access the

nearest schools. Siting of schools in deprived cocoa communities stimulated interest and encouraged

children to remain in the classrooms while parents attended to their cocoa farms. The direct

beneficiaries of the program included children/wards of cocoa farmers and local residents.

COCOBOD completed the site selection, obtained authorization from the local authority in beneficiary

communities, and secured approval from the Public Procurement Authority to award the contracts for

Phase I. As part of its commitment towards eliminating the WFCL, COCOBOD committed funds annually

towards building more schools to expand the infrastructure base in some selected cocoa deprived

communities in Ghana.

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F. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016

COCOBOD continued to fund the construction of primary schools’ and cocoa roads network

improvements in 2016. The projects constituted COCOBOD’s contribution to complement the

Government of Ghana’s efforts at improving livelihoods in cocoa communities and reducing WFCL in

cocoa. The interventions aimed at improving child access to schools particularly in deprived

communities and enhanced farmer access to markets to sell other farm produce.

Construction of seven (7) of the approved 14 school buildings commenced during the year 2015-2016 in

some of the communities and the buildings were in various stages of completion.

Public education in cocoa communities about WFCL through extension farmer contacts and farmer

rallies intensified. Child labour education at farmer’s meetings had been a part of the cocoa extension

curriculum. Providing basic schools infrastructure, including kindergarten, in deprived communities and

motivating the youth to appreciate the economic benefits of cocoa remained essential socioeconomic

goals. COCOBOD engaged the youth to develop professional careers in cocoa farming to improve their

livelihoods.

Starting with 2,000 young men and women in 2014, the Youth-In-Cocoa program membership rose to

14,000 young farmers actively cultivating 17,000 hectares of land in 2015. The membership at the end

of the 2015-2016 year was 46,091, made up of 33,546 males and 17,906 females, with 138,307.28

hectares under cultivation.

The child education support program aimed at providing a conducive learning environment that can

sustain the interest of children to attend and remain in the classroom. The program was an additional

support to cocoa farmers, their families, and local dwellers by offering:

• Fee-free basic education to develop academic competencies in children and create

opportunities for children who lack access to schools within reasonable distance;

• Schools attendance in deprived cocoa communities increased, and help prevent child idleness

and vulnerability to engage in worst forms of child labour;

• Avenues for farmers with toddlers to enroll them in schools so that the farmers can concentrate

on the farm work to increase productivity;

• Conducive learning environments and office accommodations for head teachers to promote

effective supervision of teaching and learning; and

• Portable water for the schools and communities to ease the burden of children travelling long

distances for water interrupting school attendance.

G. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2017

Report of the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6, and national policy objectives and strategies for

child development under the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA) II, 2014-2017

were consistent with the Child and Family Welfare Policy and the National Employment Policy, as well as

international frameworks such as the Regional Action Plan (RAP) on child labour and the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDG).

Findings according to the 2008-2009 Tulane University survey indicated that the population of children

in the cocoa sector was 2,160,877, out of which 947, 777 were involved in economic activities classified

as child labour. This represented 43.9%. Furthermore, in 2013-2014 out of the population of 2,236,124

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children, some 918,543, representing 41.1%, were involved in child labour within the cocoa production

process based on which the NPECLC II goal was framed as below:

The overall goal of the proposed second phase of NPECLC II was to reduce the WFCL in cocoa production

sub-sector to a minimum of ≤ 20% by 2020.

Though the second phase of the NPECLC could not be operationalized, issues on child labour were

generally addressed by the CLU, and COCOBOD dealt specifically with the cocoa sector.

The Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations’s (MELR) NSCCL/CLU continued to provide the overall

coordination of all child labour intervention, including coordination of resource mobilization activities

within the framework of NPA2, 2017 – 2021. The NSCCL and its Sub-Committees responsible for direct

action played the supervisory role to provide the necessary focus for the interventions of the child

labour elimination process.

Monitoring

In line with the NSCCL’s role to monitor and periodically review and evaluate the implementation of

child labour projects/programmes, ICI supported the NSCCL and its Secretariat to carry out a monitoring

exercise in seven (7) project districts, of which three (3) were in the cocoa sector: Adansi South, Assin

South and Birim South in the cocoa sector in Ghana. The aim was to ascertain the impact of child

labour interventions in the afore-mentioned districts with the view to strategizing for future project

planning and development to improve on performance with the lessons learnt from the project

experience as a guide. These districts included three cocoa growing districts.

Overall Objective

• Observe and verify the impact, progress of implementation of programmes and

sustainability/ownership by the MMDAs.

• Monitor and coordinate the progress made or otherwise of child labour intervention projects

undertaken by implementing agencies in the various communities and districts with the aim to

restore the dignity of the victims, protect the rights of all children and ensure value for money.

Specific Objectives

• Obtain field information on quality of support given to beneficiaries during project

implementation.

• Verify the impact and status of support to beneficiary children and parents.

• Verify the level of ownership and the possibility of sustainability.

• Assess the impact of the intervention by private sector and NGOs/Civil Society.

• Identify the challenges that will come up during the monitoring.

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The team found out that bill boards, baking/soap centers, and corn mill machines that were

constructed during the ILO CCP project, 2011 - 2014, were still visible and functioning.

Farmer groups and parents of beneficiary children in ICI project districts interact with the monitoring team.

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Findings of the Monitoring Exercise

1. Generally it was observed that child labour is reducing because sensitization by Implementing

Agencies had gone down well.

2. Child protection structures at the local levels are a clear signal of sustainability if they are

sufficiently funded to play their roles.

3. There was a positive correlation between the School Feeding Programme and high rate of

enrollment.

4. There was a positive correlation between the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP)

and high rate of enrollment.

Recommendations Made During the Monitoring

1. There is the need for Government to scale-up the School Feeding Programme and the LEAP

support in child labour endemic communities.

2. There is the need for stakeholders to push for the success of the ongoing free Senior High School

(SHS) and the operation vanguard programmes to continue.

3. MMDAs should be encouraged to provide counterpart funding by supporting the DCPCs to play

their roles well to facilitate sustainability.

4. New innovations introduced and implemented by the Adansi North District Assembly should be

replicated in other districts to reduce child labour.

5. Implementing agencies (IAs) should make sure that MMDAs are involves in the project’s

implementation and not only the focal persons.

6. IAs should submit copies of their reports to MMDAs.

7. Sustainability and exit plans should be drawn and accepted by both the IAs and MMDAs.

8. The challenges faced by farmers and parents in the marketing of their produce should be

addressed to avoid frustration.

9. Government should take steps to provide basic amenities such as health facilities, boreholes and

schools to facilitate quick and timely access by children.

Summary of Activities by COCOBOD

COCOBOD was in the forefront of providing a conducive learning environment that can sustain the

interest of children to attend and remain in the classroom. The programme was an additional support

to cocoa farmers, their families, and local dwellers. It included:

• Fee-free basic education to develop academic competences in children and create opportunities

for children who lack access to schools within a reasonable distance;

• Schools provided in deprived cocoa communities increased school attendance, and helped

prevent child idleness and vulnerability to engage in the WFCL;

• Avenues for farmers with toddlers to enroll them in schools so that the farmers can concentrate

on the farm work to increase productivity;

• Conducive learning environments and office accommodations for head teachers to promote

effective supervision of teaching and learning; and,

• Portable water for the schools and communities to ease the burden of children travelling long

distances for water interrupting school attendance.

COCOBOD was optimistic that its program of support for basic education is consistent with

Government’s policy to offer Ghanaian children fee-free education up to senior secondary level. Fee-

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free education will provide an equal opportunity for all children to access quality basic education to

complete high school.

Some of the key activities of the Youth-In-Cocoa program included:

• Assisting the young cocoa farmers to achieve and sustain farm productivity at 1000kg/hector;

• Training the young farmers, currently numbering 52,472 and later additions, to become the next

generation of cocoa farmers capable of delivering a sustainable supply of cocoa; and

• Using the Youth-In-Cocoa initiative to fix the existing gap in cocoa sector labour supply and

address the menace of the WFCL in cocoa.

First Ladies Conference

The Conference of the First Ladies of West Africa and the Sahel on the Theme ''Child Protection: What is

the contribution of the first Ladies in the fight against child abuse, child trafficking, exploitation and

child labour in West Africa and the Sahel'' was held in Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire from 14 to 18 October

2017.

The meeting witnessed the participation of the First Ladies, Ministers and Experts from Benin, Burkina

Faso, Cape-Verde, Côte d'lvoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania,

Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra-Leone, Chad and Togo. Representatives and Experts of Organizations of

the United Nations System and Development Partners also took part in this high-level meeting.

The overall objective of the conference was to encourage the involvement of the First Ladies in the

Protection of Children, and particularly in the fight against child abuse, child trafficking and child labour.

The conference discussed the role of the First Ladies in the fight against child abuse, child trafficking,

exploitation and child labour in West Africa and the Sahel. These were developed into a declaration and

signed by all the First Ladies present at the conference.

First Ladies of West Africa and the Sahel

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Global Conference

Ghana participated in the IV Global Conference on the Sustained Eradication of Child Labour that was

hosted by Argentina, with technical assistance from the ILO, from 14

to 16

November, 2017 in Buenos

Aires to provide an opportunity for governments, social partners and civil society to reflect on the

progress made by various countries since the last global conference and to discuss ways to step up

global efforts against child labour. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls

for the elimination of child labour by 2025 (Target 8.7).

The Conference also sought to within the framework of the SDGs, address different topics related to

child labour, forced labour and youth employment with the aim of identifying different scenarios and

conditions leading, in addition to the elimination of child labour by 2025 and to the elimination of forced

labour by 2030 in line with target 8.7.

The main outcome of the conference was the adoption of the Buenos Aires Declaration and pledges by

various countries to achieve the elimination of the WFCL in line with the SDGs. The declaration and the

pledges were to guide nations, worker’s and employer’s organizations and civil society in the

implementation of actions against child labour and forced labour.

Issues presented by the Minister for Employment and Labour Relations of Ghana

The Minister in answering the question on what the main drivers of child labour in the rural economy

was presented the following:

• Two thirds of Africa’s population live and work in rural areas, which occupy huge land surfaces.

Agriculture represents 65% of jobs in Sub-Saharan Africa, mostly in the rural areas.

• Rural areas have been undervalued by governments, international development lenders and

policy advisers.

• Per capita food production has barely grown over the last 5 decades.

• Agriculture represents only 17% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP.

• Rural Economies productivity is low and even declining.

• Over 60% of rural people live in extreme poverty.

• Many flee to the cities creating high rates of unemployed informal workforce.

• It’s largely informal (about 90%).

• It’s basically agrarian and uniquely the backbone of the economy.

• There is limited access to credit facilities.

• It’s basically without social protection.

• There are high Decent Work deficits.

• There is a high prevalence of child labour.

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Minister for Employment and Labour Relations of Ghana presenting

at IV Global Conference

H. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2018

The NPA2 for Ghana was approved by the Cabinet under the leadership of the Minister of Employment

and Labour Relations in February 2018. The time frame for the implementation of NPA2 is from 2017 to

2021.

The NPA2 underscores the government’s commitment to pursue the elimination of the WFCL and

consolidates the gains made under NPA1 by reinforcing the linkages between the various child

development policies and provides a vehicle for the continued enforcement of relevant laws. The

implementation of this NPA2 is driven by the Government, with the support of other stakeholders such

as Government Agencies, the Social Partners, CSOs, including the Media, NGOs and Religious Groups,

the private sector (industry) and development partners.

The MELR, through the NSCCL, is responsible for the overall coordination and supervision of the NPA2.

The CLU of the Labour Department will work closely with all partners in all sectors, and provide technical

support to the various partners to ensure an effective and coordinated implementation of the

interventions.

A successful implementation of NPA2 would spur the country towards achieving the SDGs, particularly

Target 8.7 on child labour elimination, for which there is a global engagement “Alliance 8.7.”

To start its implementation, NPA2 was launched at Okonam, a suburb of Suhum Municipality. The

choice of the venue was informed by the fact that Parents and residents of the place had been well

sensitized to send their children to school through series of programmes on anti-child labour

programmes that had been organized there and thus had reduced the incidence rate of child labour to

the barest minimum in the community.

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1. Development of an implementation plan for the roll out of NPA2:

The NPA2 is a cross-sectoral intervention strategy designed to guide institutional actions for the

elimination of child labour, particularly the worst forms. A road map for the roll out of the plan

was one of the first things necessary to direct the implementation of NPA2.

The purpose of the implementation plan was as outlined below:

1. The implementation plan is the generic road map detailing steps or actions needed to

translate intentions or objectives into measurable outcomes.

2. It sets the programme of work.

3. It precedes annualized work plans of agencies.

4. It sets out clear responsibilities and areas of collaboration.

5. It provides the frame of reference and facilitates monitoring and evaluation.

2. National Launch of NPA2

The development of the NPA2 was structured to consolidate the gains made under NPA1 to

replicate the good practices and lessons learnt over the years. The NPA2 was launched and

presented to sensitize the general public to be aware of the strategy. After the launch, copies

were made and disseminated to partners.

Minister of Gender, Children and Social Protection, Dep. Minister of Employment and Labour Relations, the Child

Labour Ambassador and other Dignitaries launching the NPA2.

Other documents developed were the Child Labour Free Zone (CLFZ) assessment tool. A

National Stakeholders’ Dialogue was organized in Kumasi on the creation of CLFZs for

participants to make inputs into the zero draft criteria for the assessment of communities

towards CLFZs developed by the Technical Working Group. The exercise is ongoing.

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Stakeholders’ consultation on CLFZ in Ghana

3. The Celebration of The World Day Against Child Labour 2018

The 2018 WDACL was marked under the global theme “GENERATION SAFE AND HEALTHY.”

Ghana domesticated it to reflect the prevailing conditions in the country and thus rephrased it

to read: “RESIST CHILD LABOUR!! IMPROVE THE SAFETY AND HEALTH OF YOUNG WORKERS

TOWARDS ACHIEVING SDG GOAL 8.”

The event was to create awareness and sensitize the populace on the harmful effects of child

labour on the child, the family, the community and the nation at large. It added the nation’s

voice to the global movement that sought to improve the safety and health of young workers to

end child labour. The event helped to mobilize support for the implementation of NPA2 from all

stakeholders in the fight against child.

Public awareness and strengthening social protection,

advocacy for improved policy programming and

implementation of child development interventions through

commemoration of the WDACL in trafficking and in fishing

communities in Cape Coast, Central Region.

A total number of adults and

children sensitized on child

labour issues during the

commemorations of WDACL

was about 29,961 at the

national and local levels.

Dignitaries at the World Day Against Child Labour 2018

This was preceeded by a media lunch in Accra and a school quiz competition among selected

schools in the Central Region.

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4. Monitoring

The NSCCL mandated to coordinate all child labour interventions in the country periodically

monitors interventions and projects being implemented by partners in the fight against child

labour. From the 26th August to 1st September, 2018, some members of the NSCCL carried out

a monitoring exercise on the “Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for

Youth in Ghana’s Cocoa-Growing Communities (MOCA) project.” The exercise was carried out in

4 districts -- Atwima Mponua and Atwima Nwabiagya in the Ashanti Region and Sefwi Wiawso

and Wasa Amenfi West in the Western Region.

MOCA was a four-year (2015-2019) USDOL-funded project that sought to make substantial

progress towards reducing the incidence of child and hazardous labour in Ghana. Winrock

International and its implementing partner, Community Development Consult Network

(CODESULT), in collaboration with Ghanaian government Ministries and Departments and

players in the cocoa industry implemented the project in two regions of Ghana, Ashanti and

Western.

The project was implemented in 40 communities; 10 communities per district with the following

objectives:

• Increase in prioritization of child labor by community and external stakeholders;

• Increase acceptable work opportunities among beneficiary youth 15-17 years of age;

• Increase knowledge and skills of beneficiary youth to improve employability; and

• Increase income in beneficiary households.

Findings on Monitoring

• All communities visited had developed and had in place approved CAPs to address child

labour and hazardous child labour in their respective communities and the

implementation of the CAPs was supported by the MOCA in-kind grants in line with the

project design.

• MOCA organized district level quarterly stakeholders’ meetings to share progress of the

project implementation and solicit for their buy-in.

• CAP Committees, CCPCs, teachers and other community leadership have been trained

on child labour, hazardous child labour, OSH, RM, advocacy, lobbying, etc. to equip

them with the necessary skills to support the communities in the project

implementation.

• Skills trainings through COVET and Model Farm Schools (MFS) were on-going in all

communities visited using Master Craft Persons (MCPs).

• Alternative livelihoods/income generating activities have been introduced to HH

women beneficiaries in the communities.

• Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) groups have been formed and running in

the communities to provide access to income for group members.

Implementation Challenges and Recommendations

Some implementation challenges identified which needed urgent attention to ensure that the

full benefit of the project was realized were as follows:

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• It was discovered that there were delays in the supply of training kits and consumables

to the MCPs for the training and this was a common challenge in all the communities. It

was therefore recommended to the MOCA Team to commence the procurement

process well ahead of time and even deliver all materials to the MCPs before the

training commences.

• Another challenge that came out was that the six (6) month duration was short for the

training and even worse as the training kits and consumables were delayed. It came to

light that almost all the beneficiaries who have passed in the first phase communities

were either still with their MCPs or moved to other MCPs to continue their training. It

was recommended to the MOCA Team to discuss with the financiers and experts in the

various trade areas for possibility of revising the training curricula and the training

duration for better outcomes.

5. Review of the GCLMS

In 2010, Ghana instituted the GCLMS as a means of monitoring child labour issues in the

country. The GCLMS is a holistic and dynamic process for reducing the WFCL and other forms.

It demanded the establishment of national, regional, district and community structures to serve

as an interface for the protection and identification of victims of child labour, as well as delivery

of services to identified vulnerable households and children at all levels.

The GCLMS was piloted by the government in six (6) districts in 25 communities under NPECLC.

The final pilot report identified some challenges and made some recommendations for a review

to include the tools and the processes. Since then, both international and national organizations

have used either the same or other methods, or a mixture, in their respective project areas to

address child labour in the country and have identified some issues that need urgent redress.

The review of the GCLMS was therefore imperative due to various reasons arising out of the

pilot and implementation (challenges and changing approaches) of tackling child labour.

Consequently, action 1.1.7.1 of NPA2 required the MELR to review the GCLMS and to harmonize

it with all other monitoring and remediation systems being used by both public and private

sector actors, with the view to making the system responsive to national needs, as well as the

institutional objectives, to ensure the full utilization of the system by all stakeholders to protect

children from all forms of child labour and abuse.

6. Establishing CLFZ in Ghana Towards Achieving Target 8.7 of the SDGs

The CLFZ concept is based on provisions in the NPA2 (2017-2021) towards achieving Target 8.7

of the global SDGs. The NPA2 notes the possibility of having some communities where child

labour interventions have made significant impact and believes CLFZs may not be far-fetched.

However, to achieve this, Ghana started the process of developing Protocols and Guidelines to

facilitate the assessment of the CLFZs in 2018.

7. Development of Protocols and Guidelines for creating CLFZs

The MELR, with support from Action against Child Exploitation (ACE), have collaborated to

develop the protocols and guidelines for assessing CLFZ in Ghana. There has been series of

consultations with stakeholders at different levels to make inputs into the development of the

manual.

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The Government would have the sole mandate and be accountable to the declaration of any

area in Ghana as a CLFZ. All other stakeholders act as collaborating partners, without the right

to by themselves declare any area in the country as a CLFZ.

The purpose for establishing CLFZs is to strengthen government effort to uphold the

constitutional provision on the fundamental Rights of Children in Ghana to be protected from

work that constitutes a threat to their health, education, and development. It is also to enhance

national efforts to achieve the SDGs, especially relevant targets under Goals 5, 8, 10 and 16.

8. Activities of COCOBOD

CHILD LABOUR

PROGRAMMES

UNDERTAKEN BY

COCOBOD (CHED) IN

2018 PROGRAMME

ACTIVITY

REGION

NUMBER OF

PARTICIPANTS

NUMBER OF

COMMUNITIES

January – December

2018

Sensitization and

awareness

raising

rallies, group

meetings, and

home visits

Western South, Western

North, Ashanti, Brong

Ahafo, Eastern, Volta,

and Central

333,059

14,019

July 2018

International

conference

Participated in the 8th

Annual Meeting of the

CLCCG

Abidjan-Côte

d’Ivoire

October 2018

Stakeholders

meeting

Participation in NORC

(University of Chicago)/

Kanter Public review of

Child Labour

questionnaire for survey

Accra-Greater

Accra

November 2018

Stakeholders

meeting

Participated in a

national stakeholder

dialogue on the creation

of CLFZs in Ghana

Kumasi, Ash.

9. OTHER PARTNERS CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS THE ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR (Ministry

of Gender, Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Chieftaincy, Ghana Education Service,

ICI, World Vision Ghana, International Needs Ghana, Challenging Heights and others)

Number

Activity

Target Group

Number of Beneficiaries

Capacity Building on:

• Concepts of child labour

• Best farmer practices

• Law enforcement

• Operationalization of shelters

and the 4 Ps

• CCPC

• Child Dignity Clubs

• Farmer Business

Schools

• Border Security

• National Service

Personnel

11,459

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• Child labour/ Trafficking

strategy for fishing sector

• Child labor and trafficking

issues, standard operational

procedures and referral

mechanism

• Community savings and loans

• Understanding market

strategies, financial literacy,

crop farming and livestock

rearing

• Facilitators and

School Management

Committee

• Enumerators and

Supervisors

Sensitization and awareness

reation

Parents, school children and

ommunity members

108,388

Community engagement

Community members

16,930

Media activities

Media personnel at the various

levels

50,000

Identification of child victims

Child victims

2,933

Withdrawal/Rescue

Child victims

876

Reintegration/Rehabilitation

Withdrawn/rescued children

571

Prosecutions/Sanctions

Perpetrators

I. SUMMARY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2019

1. NSCCL MEETINGS

The Ministry in its coordination role through the CLU of the Labour Department organized four

NSCCL meetings in 2019. These meetings discussed among other things the following:

• Discussed the CLU’s performance for 2018 and its Work Plan for 2019;

• Discussed reports of member agencies and organizations on their 2018 performance and

proposed activities for 2019. Institutions that shared their reports included the ICI, ILO,

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), International

Organisation for Migration (IOM), Ministries, Social Partners, National Development

Planning Commission (NDPC), and Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice

(CHRAJ);

• Discussed reports by and validated work plans of the three Sub-Committees on their

activities for the 2020 financial year;

• Validated and approved the draft Protocols and Guidelines for the establishment of CLFZ;

• Discussed a presentation by Child Rights International on the implementation of the GCLMS

in the cocoa sector;

• Discussed and approved the revised the Reporting Template for partners to present their

annual reports; and

• Discussed of the three sub-committees of the NSCCL.

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2. COMMEMORATION OF THE 2019 WDACL

The 2019 WDACL was commemorated in Ghana under the theme, “CONSOLIDATING EFFORTS:

CHILDREN MUST WORK ON DREAMS NOT IN FIELDS.” The overall objective for the

commemoration was to sensitize the general public towards the reduction of the incidence rate

of child labour in all forms in the country by 10% by 2025 in line with provisions of the SDG 8.7.

The Specific Objectives were:

• To add the nation’s voice to the global movement by drawing attention of the media to take

up the challenge and announce to the Ghanaian populace, the pending event on the theme

with a media launch.

• To involve children in the campaign against child labour by organizing quiz competition

among cluster of schools in the communities.

• To create awareness and sensitize the general populace on the harmful effect of child labour

through the involvement of the communities.

Activities that marked the commemoration included:

a. Media launch: The purpose of this activity was to engage the media on the theme for the

celebration sensitise and charge them to sensitise the general public on the day, its purpose

and activities to mark the day.

b. Discussions on TV, radio and print media: Aside the media launch, selected members of the

NSC and other partners discusses the day and its relevance and activities on various media

platforms.

c. Quiz competition for school children: As part of creating awareness among children

themselves and sensitising them, a quiz competition was organised for selected basic

schools in the Effiduasi Sekyere East District in the Ashanti Regions. The questions bordered

on concepts, national and international regulations, consequences on child labour, as well as

roles and responsibilities of parents and children and other partners in the fight against child

labour.

d. National Durbar: The occasion was climaxed with a durbar in the Nkwakwanua community

(cocoa community) in the Effiduasi Sekyere East District.

Participants at 2019 WDACL Media Launch and contestants at the school quiz

Outputs of 2019 WDACL

About 30 media houses were sensitized on the issues of child labour and the theme for the

celebration to help them report appropriately. Almost all the media house made stories on

child labour and the theme with six media house inviting the NSCCL for discussions at the

National level and several others at the local level.

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There was a statement of the floor of Parliament to sensitize the house and to get them to buy-

in to facilitate their approval for allocation of funds for child labour activities.

The entire community of about 3,000 people were mobilized and sensitized on child labour

issues.

The 2019 WDACL event was sponsored by Government of Ghana through the MELR, COCOBOD,

ILO, WCF, ICI, Mondelez Cocoa Life International (Right to Play), Child Rights International,

World Vision International, Verite, and the Ghana National Association of Teachers.

3. DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING CLFZS

Issue I.4.1 of the NPA2 specifically required the development of Protocols and Guideline (P&G)

for the establishment of CLFZs as per point four of the expected outcomes under Strategic

Objective 1 of the NPA2.

Accordingly, a series of consultative meetings by the MELR through the CLU, Labour Department

informed the government to set up a team under the Sub-Committee on Policy Planning,

Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of the NSCCL with technical support from ILO,

GAWU of the Trade Unions Congress, Ghana and ACE (with funding from ACE) to develop the

Protocol and Guidelines manual for establishing CLFZs.

The main objective was to strengthen government’s effort to uphold the constitutional provision

on the fundamental Right of Children in Ghana to be protected from work that constitutes a

threat to their health, education and development. To enhance national gains towards

achieving the SDGs, especially relevant Targets under Goals 5, 8, 10, and 16.

The P&G was developed, validated and approved by the NSC; it was launched at Kwabenakwa in

the Atwima mponuah District of the Ashanti Region. Again, with support from ACE, 2,000 copies

of the document were printed, and a dissemination workshop was organized where all partners

were brought on board and the document presented to them.

Validation of the CLFZ Protocols and Guidelines

Launch of CLFZ Protocols and Guidelines

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4. THE REVIEW OF THE GCLMS

The GCLMS was established and piloted under the implementation of the NPECLC. The review

of the pilot of NPECLC identified some challenges that needed redress to ensure effectiveness of

the system. This was identified as one of the key actions to in the NPA2. The Ministry, through

the CLU, began processes to review GCLMS in 2019. The objective of the review was to facilitate

the harmonization of systems, produce cost effective and efficient tools for data collection and

analyses for the country.

Issues considered under the review process were as follows:

• The standardization and linkages of the GCLMS to the Common Targeting Mechanism

operated by the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection;

• Funding processes for implementation of GCLMS;

• Balancing the data management and the administrative component;

• The use of the Ghana National Household Registry’s (GNHR) Community Register as the

basis for compilation of Community Registers, which is the basic tool for the identification of

child labourers in the communities or any other tools for identifying the children.

• The need to use the Social Service Sub-Committee in place of the DCPCs, since the DCPCs

are not backed by law.

• The Regional Coordination Councils (RCC) involvement in the child labour elimination

process (should not only receive reports from the Districts) since they play a very crucial role

under NPA2.

• The use of volunteers from the CCPCs for the compilation of Community Registers in places

not yet covered by the GNHR.

• The use of the Integrated Area Based Approach.

The present state of the review:

The Sub-Committee responsible for the review of the GCLMS has made valuable inputs, pending

the presentation to the NSCCL for validation and approval. The software of the system is also

being upgraded.

5. TRAINING OF LABOUR INSPECTORS ON EFFECTIVE INSPECTIONS IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR

It was observed that due to some challenges faced by Labour Inspectors over the years,

establishment inspections conducted by Inspectors have concentrated on the formal sector

only. This made it impossible for them to identify child labour issues, which are mostly

prevalent in the informal sector. Some of the challenges include inadequate resources, lack of

mobility, inadequate capacity and skills etc. As a result and with financial support from UNICEF,

a training was organized for selected Labour Inspectors on how to increase inspections in the

informal sector.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

Labour Inspectors/Officers at training workshop and participants in the field inspecting

the informal sector during training

Specific objectives of the training were:

• To build the capacity of Labour Inspectors and encourage them to carry out inspections in

the informal sector.

• To brief Labour Officers on NPA2 as a tool to help them enter into the informal sector as a

mandatory role.

• Introduce Labour Officers to procedures to follow on how to enter the informal sector to

identify child labour cases and address them accordingly.

• Assist Labour Officers to make informed decisions about what to do about the emerging

social protection issues and take appropriate action.

• Recognize the need to document and report appropriately to the Headquarters after

inspection exercises.

After the training, 20 Labour Officers/Inspectors were supported financially to carry out child

labour specific inspections in the cocoa, mining and fishing sectors in the Ashanti, Western and

Volta regions of the country. About 160 inspections were conducted, and 33 children were

identified to be in child labour. So far, 10 of them have been referred to the Department of

Social Welfare in the Western Region.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF A STRATEGY FOR CELEBRITY MEDIA CAMPAIGN ON CHILD LABOUR

The Ministry, in its efforts to intensify awareness raising, sensitisation and advocacy on child

labour, resolved to engage celebrities/public personalities in its awareness raising activities

dubbed the “Media Campaign on Child Labour.” A task force was set up to team up with the

Sub-Committee on Resource Mobilization, Advocacy to develop a campaign strategy for the

Media Campaign that would spread out throughout the year.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

The strategy was developed and discussed with the Minister who made his inputs, and some

celebrities were contacted and video shots on their views on child labour have been taken. This

will go through the various social media platforms to educate the general public. A lot more

celebrities and some public personalities had also indicated their interest and readiness to talk

about child labour; however, due to COVID 19, we have not been able to make physical contacts

for more video shots.

7. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

The cocoa sector and its stakeholders (government, COCOBOD, cocoa and chocolate companies,

UNICEF, and ILO) recognized the need to intensify efforts in eliminating child labour in the

country, especially after the Harkin-Engel Protocol lapses. Accordingly, two workshops were

organized in September and October, 2019, with support from ICI under the auspices of the

MELR to deliberate on the gabs in the fight against child labour and what needs to be done.

During the workshops, stakeholders committed firmly to establish a new Public-Private

Partnership dubbed “Children First in Cocoa” to contribute and mobilize resources, knowledge

and necessary partnerships and actions aimed at improving the lives of children living in cocoa-

growing regions of Ghana, with the aim of eliminating child labour by 2025 SDG deadline.

At the workshops, stakeholders agreed to issue a statement of intent (SOI) and accompany it

with a FFA. Four main pinllars were identified as crucial elements for the FFA: adequate

standard of living, child protection, quality education, and health. As a result, a National

Working Group was constituted to draft a statement of intent for the FFA that will define

priority actions and other matters that may be necessary.

8. TRAFFICKING - HUMAN TRAFFICKING SECRETARIAT – Ministry of Gender, Children and Social

Protection (MOGCSP)

The Human Trafficking Secretariat in 2019 intensified its advocacy through community dialogues

and trainings. The implementation of the Human Trafficking National Plan of Action led to a

comprehensive and coordinated approach leading to a number of achievements.

Twenty-eight [28] community engagements and durbars were organized reaching over 5,600

community members, chiefs and opinion leaders on issues of child trafficking, child abuse, child

exploitation and gender-based violence. The World Day against Human Trafficking was

commemorated and communities sensitized on the dangers associated with child labor.

Government released an amount of ¢1,000,000 into the Human Trafficking Fund to improve the

fight against human trafficking.

To improve coordination, the Human Trafficking Management Board met as expected to ensure

issues of trafficking and child exploitation are tackled including the exploitation of children on

the Volta Lake. This helped in a monitoring exercise to communities along the Volta Lake to

increase awareness raising campaigns and sensitization on the dangers associated with child

exploitation.

The Human Trafficking Secretariat has staff strength of 16, including a clinical psychologist,

shelter manageresses, and administrative and support staff.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

The Secretariat works closely with the law enforcement agencies, Attorney Generals Department,

Ministries, department and agencies, and MMDAs. This is done at the national, regional and

district level structures of such institutions.

The Human Trafficking Secretariat coordinates all issues to prevent, protect, prosecute and

partner to end human trafficking in Ghana.

Due to the efforts made in the fight against human trafficking in terms of rescue, rehabilitation,

reintegration, prosecutions and increased advocacy in terms of prevention efforts Ghana is on a

tier two rating on the US DOL tier ranking report.

Victims of Human Trafficking from 2017 to 2019

Year

Total

Victims

Type of Victim

Sex of Victims

Type of

Exploitation

Nationality

Adult

Child

Males

Females

Labour

Sex

Ghanaian

Other

Nationality

2017

583

219

364

237

346

542

539

2018

332

252

203

129

283

269

2019

611

411

200

197

414

112

276

335

The Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP)

LEAP is government of Ghana’s cash transfer programme. The programme seeks to reduce

vulnerability among the extreme poor in thereby limited the chances engaging their children in

labour as a coping strategy for the economic hardship. In 2019, 407,620 households benefited

from the LEAP. This is a nationwide programme but not limited to cocoa growing areas only.

Education

All-inclusive education policies

The Government has over the past decade embarked on programmes in the education sector

that seeks to not get all children of school going age into school. These measures include the

underlisted aim at operationalising the FCUBE Policy, which is a Constitutional right of every

Ghanaian child:

• Capitation Grant (increased from GH₵4.50 to GH₵9.00 in the 2017/2018 Academic Year).

• School Feeding Programme covering about 50% of all public basic schools (from basic one to

basic 6).

• Payment of examination fees for Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) candidates.

• Free Uniforms and Exercise Books to selected schools and pupils.

• Free SHS for all qualified children. Since the introduction of the policy in the 2017/2018

academic year, about 270,000 students who hitherto would not have attended SHS.

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

COCOBOD CHILD-EDUCATION SUPPORT /

ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMME

Crop Year

Number of

Students/Children

Type of

Interventions

Geographical

Location of

Interventions

Locations of

Interventions

in Cocoa

Growing Areas

Total

Expenditure

(US$)

2016/17

5,500.00

SCHOLARSHIP

All 7 cocoa growing regions and

districts (10 political regions)

1,781,079.21

2017/18

1,800.00

SCHOLARSHIP

531,869.07

2018/19

3,000.00

SCHOLARSHIP

672,046.87

TOTAL

2,984,995.15

COCOA PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT PROGRGAMMES

(MASS SPRAYING)

Crop Year

Number of

Adult

Labourers

Areas of

Coverage

(ha)

Areas of

Coverage in

Cocoa

Growing

Areas (ha)

Volumes of

Chemicals for

Mass Spraying

(litres)

Total

Expenditure

(US$)

2009/10

53,242

2,185,255.00

2,097,036.00

191,402.50

2010/11

54,563

2,122,824.00

2,115,939.00

8,459,473.50

2011/12

55,844

2,212,200.00

1,959,289.00

10,797,667.97

2012/13

56,991

2,494,273.00

2,080,183.00

6,546,625.04

2013/14

56,991

1,407,010.31

736,992.00

6,132,125.39

2014/15

56,991

1,703,862.60

892,824.00

4,361,314.94

2015/16

56,991

2,898,691.68

1,239,562.00

5,154,713.41

2016/17

58,791

2,575,805.00

1,114,716.00

4,666,625.00

2017/18

58,791

2,073,881.68

1,086,714.00

14,950,355.56

2018/19

58,791

2,100,171.76

2,200,980.00

8,307,622.45

TOTAL

567,986

15,524,235.00

69,567,925.76

Source:

CODAPEC

Unit

REPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

CONCLUSION

As stated in the NPA, “The Government of Ghana considers the elimination of the Worst Forms of Child

Labour a priority for the enhancement of the living standards of its people and for sustainable

development.” Article 28(2) of the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana provides that “every child

has the right to be protected from engaging in work that constitutes a threat to his/her health, education

or development.” For this reason, the government is determined to eliminate the WFCL and allow every

child born in Ghana to benefit from its free education scheme.

REPORT FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

In September 2010, as a signatory to the Declaration, the USDOL voluntarily committed $10 million to combat

child labor in the production of cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Since that time, USDOL has funded six

projects, under the Declaration and its accompanying Framework, focused on addressing child labor in cocoa

production in these two countries, totaling $24.4 million. USDOL has also funded an additional five projects,

which included components addressing child labor in cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, totaling $17

million. USDOL has three projects currently active.

The USDOL-funded projects have embodied the spirit and intent of the Declaration and Framework, working

closely with governments, companies, trade unions, and communities to address child labor in cocoa growing

areas. Among their accomplishments, the USDOL-funded projects have provided educational services to more

than 26,000 children engaged in or at risk of child labor in cocoa and livelihood services to approximately 8,200

of their households. These projects have also worked closely with the Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana,

assisting in the adoption of laws, policies, and national action plans on child labor at the national level; the

inclusion of budget lines on child labor elimination at the district level; and the development and piloting of

government-run CLMS. In addition, USDOL has funded projects that have implemented two nationally-

representative surveys in the cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, raised awareness on child labor in

cocoa growing communities, and empowered communities to address child labor locally through the

development and implementation of CAPs. USDOL-funded projects have also assisted companies in developing

codes of conduct and training government officials, company representatives, trade unionists, and other civil

society stakeholders on how to identify forced labor in the cocoa sector.

Projects under Declaration focused on cocoa sector

Project Name

Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing

Communities in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana through

an Integrated Area Based Approach (Cocoa

Communities Project, CCP)

Funding Partner

USDOL, Bureau of International Labor Affairs

(ILAB)

Implementing Partner(s) ILO

Funding Amount USD $10 Million

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire / Ghana

Period of Implementation December 2010 – March 2015

Summary

In 2010, USDOL voluntarily committed $10 million over four years to the ILO to implement the regional CCP

project. This project sought to contribute to the national initiatives to combat the WFCL in cocoa producing

areas in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The CCP had five immediate objectives that underpinned the overall strategy

to combat the WFCL in the cocoa sector:

• Increase the understanding of child labor and develop and implement action plans to eliminate child

labor in project communities;

• Improve access to relevant quality education, including appropriate complementary or alternative

opportunities for boys and girls who are out of school;

• Enhance sustainable livelihoods for families in project communities;

• Increase national capacity to deploy an appropriate CLMS framework to measure progress towards the

elimination of child labor through and integrated area based approach; and

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• Increase the technical and institutional capacity of ILO constituents and partner organizations to

contribute to the implementation of National Plans of Action and interventions to combat child labor in

cocoa growing communities.

The CCP project withdrew or prevented 5,403 children from engaging in hazardous and exploitative labor in the

cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana by providing education and/or vocational skills training to them.

Some 2,200 families in cocoa growing areas also received livelihood services. In addition, the project worked

with cocoa growing communities to develop CAPs to sustainably reduce child labor and assisted the

Government of Côte d’Ivoire in developing and piloting its child labor moitoring system – le Système

d’Observation et de Suivi du Travail des enfants en Côte d’Ivoire (SOSTECI).

Lessons Learned and Good Practices

• It is beneficial to budget time and resources for colaboration with communities, partners, and other

stakeholders at the initial stages of project formulation and implementation. It is better to spend time

planning the project with the partners than relying on ad hoc planning and simply introducing the

project to target districts and communities.

• Linking awareness raising with social mobilization yields attitudinal change and responsible behavior.

Coupling awareness raising with CAPs is necessary to yield real action against child labor.

• Promoting the incorporation of CAPs into district/municipal planning processes is important for

sustainability. A good practice was to encourage District Assemblies and Prefectures to mainstream

CAPs into district level operations.

• Improving the quality of education improves access and outcomes of schooling.

• Community members should be treated as partners and not just as beneficiaries.

• The criteria for benefiting from the project needs to be made clear: a beneficiary is a child who is

engaged in child labor or at risk of falling into child labor, or his/her family/caregiver. Care must be

taken to ensure that project beneficiaries meet this qualification.

• Child participation in the implementation of the CCP project has shown results in the target areas and

was effective in dealing with child labor. Children actively participated in awareness raising and social

mobilization activities using various media.

• Capacity building is much more effective when it is practical and field-oriented, rather than through

repeated trainings or workshops.

• Changes in government administration can affect project delivery downstream.

Project Name

Survey Research on Child Labor in West African

Cocoa-Growing Areas

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) Tulane University

Funding Amount USD $1.9 Million

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire / Ghana

Period of Implementation September 2012 – December 2016

REPORT FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Summary

In 2012, USDOL awarded a grant to Tulane University’s Payson Center for International Development to conduct

research on the prevalence of child labor in cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The Tulane project

had two main objectives:

• Improve information to assess progress towards reducing the WFCL by 70 percent in the aggregate in

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana; and

• Assist in increasing the capacity of the national statistical offices of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana to collect

nationally-representative data on the WFCL in agricultural production in cocoa growing areas.

The Tulane project aimed to develop an aggregate, representative estimate of children working in cocoa in both

countries to measure progress in significantly reducing the WFCL in the cocoa sector. The project first

developed population estimates for the prevalence of children working in the WFCL in agriculture, including the

cocoa sector, in the cocoa growing areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana based on data from Tulane University’s

survey in 2008–2009. Tulane then conducted research activities, collecting nationally representative survey

data on child labor in the cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana during the 2013–2014 harvest season.

The project published its survey report, which assessed the prevalence of, and measured changes in, estimates

of working children, children in child labor, and children in hazardous work in the West African cocoa sector

between the 2008–2009 and the 2013–2014 cocoa harvest seasons.

Figures in Tulane’s report, 2013/14 Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa Growing Areas,

indicated that in 2013-2014, 2.26 million children were working in cocoa production, 2.12 million children were

working in child labor in cocoa production, and 2.03 million children were working in hazardous work in cocoa

production in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana combined. The percentages of children in agricultural households in each

of these categories also rose between the two survey years: 19 percent for children working in cocoa, 16

percent for child laborers in cocoa, and 13 percent for children in hazardous work in cocoa.

Tulane’s report also determined that access to education had improved from the 2008–2009 harvest season

with more children working in cocoa production attending school in both countries. In Côte d’Ivoire, 71 percent

of children working in cocoa production attended school in 2013–2014, compared with just 59 percent in 2008–

2009; in Ghana, 96 percent attended school in 2013–2014 compared with 91 percent in 2008–2009.

The

percentage of children in school in all agricultural households in the cocoa growing areas also increased in both

countries.

In addition to conducting survey research, the Tulane project developed and provided training and other

capacity building support to national survey bodies in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana in order to promote their ability

to carry out similar surveys in the future. The project also worked with government officials to develop

comprehensive manuals on survey design for the cocoa sector, as well as detailed methodologies and tools for

data collection and analysis. Capacity building efforts culminated in a detailed sustainability paper, Child Labor

and Data Collection in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana: A Plan for Sustainability, addressing questions associated with

future collection of child labor data as well as the sustainability of training and other project activities.

Tulane University, Payson Center for International Development. 2013/14 Survey Research on Child Labor in West African

Cocoa Growing Areas. p. 44. July 30, 2015. Available at

https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/research_file_attachment/Tulane%20University%20-

%20Survey%20Research%20Cocoa%20Sector%20-%2030%20July%202015.pdf.

Id., p. 79.

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Lessons Learned and Best Practices

The implementation of the Tulane project underscored the importance of engagement and direct interaction

with government stakeholders to move project activities and overall objectives forward. Stakeholder

involvement and support is essential to building relationships and gaining local acceptance. As part of this

process, time in country and face-to-face interactions are critical to effectively engaging local government

groups and other local stakeholders.

Published Report

For more information on Tulane’s findings, see 2013/14 Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa

Growing Areas.

Project Name Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa (ECLIC)

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) The International Cocoa Initiative (ICI)

Funding Amount USD $4.5 Million

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire

Period of Implementation November 2015 – November 2019

Summary

In 2015, USDOL provided $4.5 million to the ICI to implement the four-year ECLIC project in Côte d’Ivoire. The

ECLIC project’s primary objective was to reduce child labor in 50 cocoa growing communities in Côte d’Ivoire.

The project had three strategic objectives:

• Objective 1: 50 cocoa-growing communities have developed and implemented CAPs to address child

labor at the community level.

• Objective 2: Cocoa-growing communities are aware of and understand key issues related to child labor.

• Objective 3: Children engaged in or at high risk of child labor have access to educational opportunities.

ECLIC worked to attain its primary objective by increasing community mobilization in the fight against child

labor, increasing the income of households with children engaged in or at risk of child labor, and improving

access to quality education opportunities for children engaged in or at risk of child labor.

The project resulted in a significant increase in the number of children receiving education and vocational

training services in the target communities. In particular, ECLIC facilitated the direct provision of education

services to 4,621 children engaged in or at high risk of entering child labor. In addition, a total of 1,547

households received livelihoods services in order to augment household income. Of those households, 63

percent reported a perceived increase in income as a result of provision of livelihood services. ECLIC also

succeeded in empowering communities through community action planning and the creation of CCPCs. The

project supported 50 community-level committees to develop and implement CAPs, visit households and farms

to collect data on child laborers and those at risk, and refer child protection cases to the appropriate authorities.

By the end of the project, 32 CCPCs had obtained official recognition from the prefectural authorities, and

REPORT FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

applications were filed for the remainder, thereby institutionalizing a sustainable community mobilization

against WFCL in cocoa.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

The ECLIC project generated several lessons learned.

• The project ran into implementation difficulties due to its geographical scope being widely dispersed,

with difficult-to-access localities. The communities could have been supported more efficiently and

effectively if they were closer together.

• The ECLIC project highlighted a need for careful consideration of the challenges of working in

encampments, including integrated analyses of each specific encampment. Encampments are informal

settlements adjacent to cocoa growing sites, which lack basic social, health, and other services. Such

encampments may also be in or very near to protected forest areas where the inhabitants grow cocoa

illegally. About two-thirds of the project communities were in areas labeled as encampments; two

project-supported encampments were fully located within a protected forest, while one additional

community was partially located within the boundaries of the classified forest. A study conducted by

the project reported that the appropriate programming varied greatly according to the individual

situation in each encampment. Much depended on the level of deforestation, distance and road

quality, size of the encampment community, and other factors.

• Ensuring that CCPCs are directly anchored in functioning local social protection, child protection, and

national CLMS is key to ensuring sustainability.

The project also exhibited several promising practices. Among them, the project demonstrated the importance

of flexibility to find solutions to changing implementing environments at the community and national levels.

Secondly, the project demonstrated the importance of persistence when seeking to raise awareness about child

labor, especially in cases where efforts encountered initial resistance. Involving traditional leaders, CCPCs, field

staff, and senior project staff proved useful in this regard. Such efforts are particularly effective when

accompanied by the allocation of visible resources to support communities in meeting their needs.

Project Name

Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting

Opportunities for Youth (MOCA)

Funding Partner USDOL, Bureau of International Labor Affairs

Implementing Partner(s) Winrock International

Funding Amount USD $4.5 Million

Target Country(ies) Ghana

Period of Implementation November 2015 – November 2019

Summary

In 2015, USDOL awarded $4.5 million to Winrock International to implement the MOCA project in Ghana. The

MOCA project’s primary objective was to address child labor in cocoa-growing areas of Ghana. The project had

four strategic objectives:

REPORT FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

• Objective 1: Cocoa-growing communities design and implement CAPs to address child labor at

community level.

• Objective 2: At-risk youth possess skills and education directly related to labor market needs.

• Objective 3: Youth of legal working age transition to acceptable work.

• Objective 4: Households are provided with livelihood services and OSH training.

The MOCA project sought to reduce incidences of child and hazardous labor in 40 cocoa growing communities

through increasing engagement on child labor issues by community and external stakeholders; increasing

acceptable, non-hazardous work opportunities among beneficiary youth 15-17 years of age; improving the

employability of youth through increased knowledge, attitudes, and skills; and increasing income in beneficiary

households.

MOCA succeeded in facilitating the development of CAPs by grassroots CAP Committees. MOCA provided in-

kind grants of up to $10,000 to each community to implement its CAP to address child labor. The CAP

Committees played the leading role in consulting community members, orchestrating the investment of in-kind

grants, and carrying out community sensitization activities. MOCA grants were utilized to achieve a range of

priority community needs, such as for school desks, school computer labs, mechanized water boreholes, grain

mills, and implementing community sensitization and awareness sessions.

MOCA provided education services to 2,806 youth in six-month community-based vocational education and

training (CVET) and agriculture-based vocational training, delivered by local skilled MCPs and MFS facilitators.

By the end of the project, 66 percent of youth trained were participating in formal jobs, internships, or

apprenticeships, or were in self-employment.

Among the most successful and sustainable interventions of the MOCA project was the women’s VSLA model

implemented by Winrock in the communities. The VSLAs brought economic empowerment to 1,970 women

from project-supported households and other community members as well. The VSLAs created savings and

income sources for their members to defray education and business costs, resulting in the women’s ability to

diversity their livelihoods including into cocoa seedling production and a range of non-agricultural activities.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

The project generated several lessons learned. One lesson learned by the project is the importance of offering a

more diverse range of vocational skills for youth geared toward both existing and emerging market demands.

Another lesson learned is that vocational training interventions should be sensitive to societal issues concerning

gender in order to find creative solutions to increase gender equity among beneficiaries of trainings. In

addition, the project demonstrated that the CVET model for youth delivered by local MCPs is viable provided

that MCPs are provided with training fees and intensive support for quality control.

An important promising practice of the MOCA project was the VSLA model, which was widely viewed as an

effective vehicle for women’s economic resilience and empowerment. Another promising practice was MOCA’s

close engagement with district level governments, which improved the quality of technical support and helped

to sustain interventions.

REPORT FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Project Name

Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in

Cocoa Growing Areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana

(Cocoa Research)

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) NORC at the University of Chicago

Funding Amount USD $3.5 Million

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana

Period of Implementation December 2015 – November 2021 (Active)

Summary

The 2010 Framework called for the implementation of nationally representative child labor surveys every five

years to assess progress in addressing child labor in the sector.

In fiscal year 2015, ILAB provided funding to NORC at the University of Chicago to conduct a survey on child

labor prevalence in the cocoa-growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The results of this survey, which took

place during the cocoa harvest of 2018–2019, will be used to assess progress toward meeting a target of

reducing by 70 percent the WFCL in cocoa production across both countries. Progress toward this goal will be

assessed against the results of a baseline survey conducted in 2008–2009.

In addition to the survey, NORC will assess the relative effectiveness of efforts to reduce child labor in cocoa

production and develop a data visualization/mapping tool to inform future efforts to address the problem.

Specifically, this six-year project will produce the following outputs:

• Mapping/Analytical Platform: The project will identify and collect geographical and program information

relating to interventions that have taken place since the signing of the Declaration to address child labor in

cocoa-growing areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, and present this information in an interactive, web-based

platform.

• Assessment of effectiveness: The project will evaluate the relative effectiveness of interventions to address

child labor in the cocoa sectors of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, and progress towards achievement of the goals

and targets of the Declaration and Framework. The assessment will be based on (1) information and data

collected and catalogued in the mapping platform, (2) qualitative data collected via interviews and focus

group discussions in cocoa-growing areas, and (3) quantitative data from nationally representative surveys

of child labor in the two countries (2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2013–2014, and 2018–2019).

• Sectorally-representative survey: The project conducted a survey of child labor in cocoa-growing areas of

Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana during the 2018–2019 harvest seasons. It will develop population estimates for the

prevalence of working children, child labor, and the WFCL (using hazardous labor as a proxy for the WFCL).

The project will use the estimates to measure percentage changes in the prevalence compared to previous

estimates.

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Summary of Activities

• Collected geographical and program information relating to interventions that have taken place since the

signing of the Declaration to address child labor in cocoa growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, and

presented this information in an interactive, web-based platform.

• Concluded the main quantitative data collection (survey) of child labor in cocoa-growing areas of Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana during the 2018–2019 harvest season in March/April 2019. The survey results will be

used to develop population estimates for the prevalence of working children, child labor, and the WFCL.

• Conducted assessment of the relative effectiveness of these interventions based on (1) information and

data collected and catalogued in the mapping platform, (2) qualitative data collected via interviews and

focus group discussions, and (3) quantitative data from the national representative survey of child labor in

the two countries.

• Completed the draft report, “Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa Production in Cocoa

Growing Areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana” (the Report), in January 2020. The report consists of two parts:

(1) quantitative survey findings and (2) NORC’s assessment of the relative effectiveness of efforts funded by

public and private sector actors to prevent and reduce child labor in the cocoa sector.

• Hosted consultation workshops in July 2019 (Accra and Abidjan), January 2020 (Abidjan), and May 2020

(virtual) with CLCCG members and technical experts to review preliminary survey findings and the draft

report.

Next Steps

• In July 2020, to address concerns raised by the Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana on research

methodologies and survey results, USDOL offered to support an independent review by an external Experts

Group (EG) to review key methodological issues. The ILO is serving as the custodian to the EG process and

has coordinated the review process.

• Following the conclusion of the EG’s work, NORC will be expected to take the EG’s assessment and

recommendations into consideration in finalizing its Report.

Project Name

Adwuma Pa: Empowering Women and Girls in

Supply Chains

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) CARE

Funding Amount USD $5 Million

Target Country(ies) Ghana

Period of Implementation November 2018 – November 2022 (Active)

Summary

In 2018, ILAB awarded $5 million to CARE to implement the Adwuma Pa project to reduce the risk of child labor,

forced labor, and other violations of labor rights for vulnerable women and girls working within Ghana’s cocoa

supply chain. Adwuma Pa has two outcomes:

• Outcome 1: Improved economic participation of women and girls vulnerable to child labor, forced labor,

and other violations of labor rights within the cocoa supply chain in Ghana.

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• Outcome 2: Improved business practices by private sector actors to protect against child labor, forced

labor, and other violations of labor rights for vulnerable women and girls working within the cocoa

supply chain in Ghana.

The project targets 5,000 vulnerable women and adolescent girls (2,500 women and 2,500 girls aged 15 to17) in

80 cocoa-producing communities across four districts in Ghana and is working with men and boys within the

cocoa-growing communities to facilitate a change in local behavioral norms against women’s economic

engagement.

In order to achieve its objectives, key activities of the project include increasing women and girls’ understanding

of their labor rights; enhancing technical and business skills; and increasing opportunities for advancement

through peer and business networking. The Adwuma Pa project is also designing a labor monitoring and

mitigation system to protect against child labor and forced labor and elevating community recognition for

protecting against child labor and forced labor in a national awareness-raising media campaign. In addition, the

project is conducting Gender, Equity, and Diversity (GED) training for private sector actors.

The project has made progress toward achieving its goals. Upon successful entry and mobilization of all 80

communities, the project facilitated the formation and training of grassroots Community Development

Committees (CDCs) in order to spearhead project implementation in their respective communities and promote

sustainable community development interventions. The project has also conducted an analysis of existing

structures affecting vulnerable women and girls within the cocoa supply chain in Ghana, reviewing OLAM

Ghana’s Suppliers Code, Code of Conduct, Child Labor Policy, and Fair Employment Policy to assess their clauses

concerning child labor, forced labor, discrimination, and sexual harassment in the workplace. Finally, the project

has begun engagement with District and Municipal Gender and Child Protection Committees.

Next Steps

The outbreak of the pandemic in Ghana has resulted in the suspension of all public gatherings, meetings, and

workshops in Ghana. This means that until such restrictions on public activities are lifted, all community and

field-related activities have been stalled.

Projects including a component Supporting Declaration

Project Name

Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in

West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional

Cooperation Through ECOWAS (ECOWAS I and II)

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) ILO

Funding Amount (Côte d’Ivoire & Ghana)

USD $7.4 Million (ECOWAS I)

USD $2.2 Million (ECOWAS II)

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire / Ghana

Period of Implementation

September 2009 – April 2014 (ECOWAS I)

December 2010 – April 2014 (ECOWAS II)

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Summary

In 2009, USDOL awarded $7.95 million to the ILO to implement the West Africa Regional ECOWAS I project in

Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria, and in 2010, USDOL granted the ILO an additional $5 million to implement a

second phase of the project (ECOWAS II), adding Benin. Approximately $7.4 million of the ECOWAS I funding

went towards work in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, as did approximately $2.2 million of ECOWAS II funding. The

purpose of the two projects was to support national efforts to eliminate the WFCL and to mobilize sub-regional

policy makers to improve cooperation to eliminate the WFCL among all 15 member States of the Economic

Community of West African States (ECOWAS). For the purposes of this report, only project achievements in

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana will be discussed.

Some 13,362 children were withdrawn or prevented from engaging in WFCL in the cocoa sector in the two

countries under ECOWAS I and II. These projects also provided livelihood services to 2,500 families with

children at risk of WFCL, implementing referral, reintegration, and rehabilitation services for both targeted

children and their families. One example of livelihood support activities under ECOWAS II was the transfer of

corn mills to eight communities as a means of generating income.

ECOWAS I and II worked with the Government of Ghana to monitor and remediate cases of child labor through

the GCLMS with the assistance of CCPCs. Remediation included the expansion of the government school

feeding program, independent registration of children in the National Health Insurance Scheme, and increased

coverage of the LEAP program, which included a government sponsored one-year post-basic training in

vocational skills for young people. In Côte d’Ivoire, ECOWAS I and II assisted the government in piloting its CLMS

(SOSTECI) in five districts.

ECOWAS I also succeeded in facilitating progress by the governments on child labor issues. In Ghana, the

project assisted district authorities in mainstreaming action against child labor into their local government plans,

budgets, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks. ECOWAS I also provided technical support and advocacy

for the adoption in October 2010 of a National Plan of Action in order to generate a framework of the country’s

NSCCL, the ratification of ILO Convention 138 by the Ghanaian parliament in 2011, and the passage of the

Commission on Human Rights. In addition, the ECOWAS I project also provided technical assistance to the

Government of Côte d’Ivoire for the adoption into law of the prohibition of child trafficking and WFCL in

September 2010 and the revision of the List of Hazardous Work in January 2012. The projects also had an

important impact on the national culture regarding child labor issues by successfully raising awareness in the

two countries on the fight against child labor.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

The ECOWAS I and II projects demonstrated several good practices in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, which should be

considered for replicability and scalability.

• Community ownership of solutions to child labor is critical. Adoption and implementation of CAPs increased

community involvement and ownership, allowing them to mobilize their own resources and other support

to implement actions for the development of their communities.

• CCPCs are effective in sustaining action against child labor at the local level, by contributing to the

identification, monitoring, and prevention and withdrawal of children from child labor, and necessary

remediation efforts for these children.

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• It is important to work with local government authorities to promote inclusion of funding for child labor

elimination activities in local budgets.

• Linking child labor to government labor force surveys is an emerging best practice for data collection.

• Signing and rolling out codes of conduct for the elimination of child labor by employers and workers’

organizations in the cocoa sector are effective strategies to ensure accountability of social partners in

addressing the WFCL.

• The establishment of women’s cooperatives in some project communities allowed mothers to make

provisions for the costs associated with their children’s education and keep them in school.

• The establishment of sharecroppers’ unions allowed social dialogue between producers and their adult

workers, the improvement of working conditions, and better compliance with international labor

standards. (Côte d’Ivoire)

ECOWAS I and II also generated some important lessons learned.

• The Ministries of Education in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana need to ensure adequate school facilities and teachers

for the number of children of school-going age and expand school-feeding programs. Special attention

should also be given to attendance and retention of children in school, not just enrollment.

• The data-collection component of GCLMS would be more effective if managed at the district level rather than

the national level. (Ghana)

• Grassroots efforts to withdraw children from the WFCL need to be encouraged at the community level

for the purposes of sustainability and scalability without continuous external support.

• It is important to generate linkages with domestic CSOs, such as cooperatives and trade unions, in order

to improve project sustainability as local CSOs are capable of carrying on the work of combating the

WFCL even in the absence of donor funding.

• Effective efforts to withdraw children from child labor requires a breadth of development actions in

resource-challenged environments. In the case of ECOWAS I, project services had to expand over time

to include important psycho-social services to children, services toward procuring birth certificates for

children who lacked paperwork, and the tracing and contacting of families.

• More income-generating activities should be established in communities so as to enable them to sustain their

initiatives against child labor.

• Children of legal working age need access to training opportunities, including on occupational safety and

health (OSH).

Project Name

Country Level Engagement and Assistance to

Reduce (CLEAR) Child Labor

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) ILO

Funding Amount (Côte d’Ivoire Component) USD $221,239

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire

Period of Implementation (Côte d’Ivoire

Component)

March 2016 – January 2019

Summary

In 2013, USDOL awarded $7.7 million to the ILO for a global project to build the capacity of governments to

reduce child labor in at least 10 countries. In 2015, the CLEAR project initiated operations in Côte d’Ivoire with a

budget of $221,239.

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The overall objective of the CLEAR project was to increase the capacity of target countries to reduce child labor

through improved legal or regulatory instruments, law enforcement, and policy; implementation of National

Action Plans on child labor; and implementation and/or integration of child labor into national and local policies

and social programs. In Côte d’Ivoire, the focus was on enhancing the capacity of the government to implement

the country’s CLMS (SOSTECI) and ensure its sustainability. In order to achieve this objective, CLEAR utilized

good practices and lessons learned from the ECOWAS I and II and CCP projects, existing assessments of SOSTECI

and other CLMS operating in the country, and new information collected from key national stakeholders.

In Côte d’Ivoire, the SOSTECI was refined and piloted with success. The process included revising procedures

and tools, implementing the tools in three communities, and developing a sustainable public and private

(partnership) funding mechanism. The public-private sector collaboration demonstrated its effectiveness in two

key ways: (1) by strengthening the collaboration of the cocoa enterprises within the multi-sectoral CLMS and (2)

by supporting sustainable funding of the CLMS. In particular, the project supported dialogue between the

government and the cocoa private sector in order to produce a coordination framework for funding the SOSTECI

model across the country.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

The public-private partnership proved to be a promising emergent practice. By assisting public-private sector

collaboration to create a sustainable funding framework for child labor monitoring, the funding mechanism

represents an innovation in Côte d’Ivoire, which could be applicable to public-private sector cost-sharing

elsewhere in the world.

Project Name

Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy

Workers: SafeYouth@Work (SY@W)

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) ILO

Funding Amount (Côte d’Ivoire Component) USD $221,092

Target Country(ies) Côte d’Ivoire

Period of Implementation (Côte d’Ivoire

Component)

April 2018 – June 2019

Summary

In 2014, USDOL funded the ILO to implement the $11.4 million, global SY@W project. SY@W aims to promote

the safety and health of young workers on the job, with a particular focus on those aged 15 to 24, who are more

vulnerable to occupational injuries and disease, and who as they join the workforce may be positioned to

contribute to a sustainable and prevention-focused OSH culture. In 2017, SY@W began providing limited

services in Côte d’Ivoire, but it was not until 2018 that Côte d’Ivoire was officially added to the project as a

participating country, with a funding amount of $221,092 and a focus on child labor in the cocoa sector.

In Côte d’Ivoire, SY@W assisted the Government of C

ôte d’Ivoire in developing the National Action Plan against

Child Labor (NAPACL) 2019–2021, which was officially endorsed by the government in May 2019. The NAPACL

has a component on OSH and calls for strategic actions to promote and enhance the use of OSH in the fight

against child labor. Specifically, SY@W applied Work Improvement in Neighborhood Development (WIND)

methodology to develop community-driven solutions to OSH hazards and risks, thereby sidestepping challenges

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to the national OSH system to address hazards in the agriculture sector. The SY@W project also supported

trainings for community development and self-help groups and cooperatives on OSH issues related to the cocoa

sector in order to strengthen the capacity of Côte d’Ivoire to enforce and comply with national labor laws and

regulations.

The community-driven initiatives supported by the project achieved gains. In the three beneficiary communities

in Mbatto District, 20 trainers were trained through the program and continue to engage in training activities

with local households. As a result of this engagement, some cocoa producers have adopted new equipment to

scrape cocoa beans without using machetes and knives. Furthermore, several cocoa producing households

implemented improved their income through the creation of various income-generation activities, such as the

production and sale of attieke (a well-liked local food) and the production of a cocoa bio fertilizer.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

An important lesson learned through the project was that global projects with centralized management

structures require country-level autonomy to make timely decisions regarding implementation and

expenditures. To improve efficiency and performance, it is important to decentralize, to the extent possible,

decision-making and provide autonomy to country-level teams.

A positive emergent practice was the project’s establishment of committees consisting of key stakeholders,

including government officials, trade unions, employer organizations, universities, and NGOs. The committees

met regularly to discuss progress in work plan implementation, identifying challenges, and developing solutions.

Project Name

Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of

Adults and Children in Ghana (Forced Labor

Indicators Project, FLIP)

Funding Partner USDOL, ILAB

Implementing Partner(s) Verité

Funding Amount USD $2 Million

Target Country(ies) Ghana

Period of Implementation December 2017 – May 2021 (Active)

Summary

In 2018, USDOL awarded $2 million to Verité to improve the capacity of government, employers, civil society,

and workers in Ghana to use the ILO indicators on forced labor to understand and address forced labor and

labor trafficking in the cocoa, gold, and palm oil supply chains. The FLIP project promotes the ILO framework as

a shared analytic framework for law enforcement, private sector due diligence monitors, social service actors,

and CSOs. The project has three Outcomes:

• Outcome 1: Improved understanding of indicators of forced labor, including indicators of labor

trafficking.

• Outcome 2: Improved monitoring of working conditions by labor stakeholders to identify indicators and

address incidents of forced labor and labor trafficking.

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• Outcome 3: Strengthened capacity of the labor inspectorate to address forced labor and labor

trafficking.

The FLIP project has made progress toward improving stakeholders’ understanding of forced labor indicators

within the three supply chains, training participants on both national and international legal frameworks around

forced labor and how to identify indicators of forced labor and labor trafficking. As of the mid-term evaluation,

23 institutions were participating in a consultation process with the project. Three institutions had developed

documented strategies for adopting a forced labor indicators approach, and a significant majority of

respondents demonstrated medium to high familiarity with forced labor indicators.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

FLIP has generated an important promising practice regarding building the knowledge base on forced labor in

the country. Using a participatory training approach that utilizes specific issues and cases from the Ghanaian

context has enabled stakeholders to have a greater understanding of forced labor and forced labor indicators.

Next Steps

• Stakeholders will align their labor monitoring systems with the forced labor indicators approach.

• Labor Inspectorate staff will be taught the knowledge and skills needed to monitor for forced labor

indicators.

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

2010-2019 Child Labor Cocoa Coordinating Group

Report by the Global Chocolate and Cocoa Industry

The

World Cocoa Foundation (WCF), serving as spokes organization for the global chocolate and cocoa

industry in the CLCCG, is pleased to submit its final report in support of the original 2001 Harkin-Engel Protocol

and the 2010 Framework of Action to reduce WFCL in the cocoa growing regions of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

WCF wishes to thank our CLCCG principals partners – ILAB at the USDOL, the National Oversight Committee and

the Interministerial Committee in Côte d’Ivoire, the Ministry of Labor and Employment Relations in Ghana and

the Ghana Agricultural Workers Union, and the offices of U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (ret.) and U.S. Congressman

Eliot Engel – for their commitment to working in partnership through the past 20 years. WCF also gratefully

acknowledges the technical support provided to industry throughout the years of the CLCCG process by the ICI.

We thank in particular Congressman Eliot Engel for his dedication to the well-being of children in West Africa

over the lifetime of the Harkin-Engel Protocol.

This overview report contains the following sections:

I. Introduction: Our Commitment

II. Chocolate and Cocoa Industry Activities and Results 2010-2019

III. ICI 2010-2019 Activities and Results

IV. Future Commitments

V. Conclusion

I. Introduction: Our Commitment

Child labor remains a persistent challenge in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, despite coordinated, high-profile efforts

and significant financial investments by the governments, industry, cocoa-growing communities, and

development partners.

Targets to reduce child labor were set without fully understanding the complexity and scale of a challenge

heavily associated with poverty in rural Africa. Government and company programs to reduce child labor are

nevertheless making a difference.

A study funded by the U.S. Department of Labor under the auspices of the Harkin-Engel Framework reports that

the more than 60 percent increase in total cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana over the past 10 years

did not bring a similar surge in child labor. Government and company programs led to a reduction in child labor.

Recent analysis by the independent research organization NORC at the University of Chicago and the ICI have

shown that hazardous child labor has been reduced by one-third in communities where company programs are

operating – and by one-half among those child laborers specifically identified by company due diligence

measures.

In research commissioned by WCF, NORC recommended that a package of company measures addressing child

labor be expanded to more communities: “… efforts to combat child labor and hazardous child labor in

respective supply chains should be increased given current successes,” said the study, entitled Assessment of

Effectiveness of Cocoa Industry Interventions in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa Growing Areas of Côte d’Ivoire

and Ghana.

Industry is already ramping up its investments to fight child labor in recognition of our long-held conviction that

child labor has no place in the cocoa supply chain. These investments support the implementation of the strong

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national action plans recently developed in partnership with a wide range of stakeholders, including industry,

multilateral organizations such as UNICEF and the ILO and civil society, by the governments of Côte d’Ivoire and

Ghana to eliminate child labor.

In 2019, industry invested $65 million in a wide range of social development activities to address child labor in

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, covering child protection, education, community development, birth registrations,

income diversification for vulnerable households, and other child protection and child survival-focused activities

that address the root causes of child labor – about five-times higher than what was spent per year in 2001-18.

Companies are working on a more transformative approach to make sure today’s generation of children are

protected from labor on cocoa farms. Success will require more ambitious partnerships and collaboration.

II. Chocolate & Cocoa Industry Activities and Results

As stated in the Framework, the objectives involved joint efforts in the following areas:

• Provision of education and vocational training services to children as a means to remove children from, or

prevent them from entering, the WFCL.

• Application of protective measures to remove workplace hazards from cocoa farming to allow children of

legal working age to work under safe conditions.

• Promotion of livelihood services for the households of children working in the cocoa sector.

• Establishment and implementation of a sector-wide CLMS.

What is obvious, with hindsight, is that the reduction goal underestimated the challenge.

The challenge is more complex than was understood in 2001 or 2010 because the roots of child labor are deeply

anchored in persistent poverty that is widespread in rural farming communities across West Africa. Most cocoa

farmers live in poverty and cannot afford to hire laborers on their farms. Instead, their children do the work.

Until the COVID-19 crisis hit in early 2020, poverty was steadily declining around the world and was increasingly

concentrated in Africa. Within Africa, poverty is increasingly concentrated in rural areas. This is where cocoa is

grown.

Cocoa and chocolate companies have partnered with the governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, worked with

civil society organizations, and invested in a package of measures to fight child labor, including child protection

and awareness-raising programs, schools, and women’s livelihood support programs.

These company-funded programs have achieved major successes in reducing child labor. We know this because

data obtained through independent research shows that the programs reduced the likelihood of a family having

a child in child labor by 23 percentage points in Côte d’Ivoire and by 13 percentage points in Ghana. When

measuring the impact on hazardous child labor, the same research found that company programs lowered the

likelihood by 26 percentage points in Côte d’Ivoire and by 16 percentage points in Ghana.

Industry supply chain-based child labor monitoring and remediation programs currently cover about 20 percent

of households in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Industry plans to raise this to 100 percent by 2025.

Industry Funded Projects under the Framework of Action 2010 to 2014

Between 2010 and 2014, WCF and eight companies including ADM, Barry Callebaut, Cargill, Ferrero, The

Hershey Company; Mars Incorporated, Mondelēz International and Nestlé committed $10.053 million towards

Framework activities. These projects raised awareness about the dangers of child labor and the benefits of

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education. They helped children obtain birth certificates so they could attend school, provided school uniforms

and school kits, and covered the costs of enrollment fees. Industry funded projects built and furnished

classrooms, bore holes for water pumps, installed solar panels for electricity, and built canteens, teacher

lodging, and latrines. In other communities, to promote sustainability, projects involved in school construction

worked with local school management committees (SMCs), training them to mobilize community resources,

oversee construction of school infrastructure, and manage the upkeep of community schools.

ILO-IPEC Public-Private Partnership, “Combating Child Labor in Cocoa Growing Communities in Ghana and

Côte d’Ivoire” 2010-2014: $2 million

The $2 million project supported the International Labor Organization’s International Programme on the

Elimination of Child Labor (ILO-IPEC) to develop and expand community-based CLMS; strengthened the capacity

of government, social partners, and cocoa farmers to combat hazardous child labor in cocoa growing

communities and enhanced the role of tripartite national child labor steering committees. This public-private

partnership ended in December 2014.

The Cocoa Link Project; The Hershey Company: $600,000

The CocoaLink Project used innovative mobile technology to deliver agricultural and social information to rural

cocoa farmers in Ghana, providing an interactive platform which also enabled farmers to ask questions and

provide and receive real-time feedback.

Mondelez International, Inc.: $1.548 million

Mondelez’s Cocoa Life initiative used a holistic approach to support rural cocoa communities through the

improvement of the livelihoods of cocoa farmers and the reduction of child labor in farming families in Ghana.

By working to increase the incomes of households with at risk children and increasing educational access for

children in those farming families, the program furthered the goals of the Harkin-Engel Framework. Mondelez's

Cocoa Life Ambassadors program educated children on child labor issues through a youth mentorship program,

school reading clubs, and summer camps.

Nestlé Cocoa Plan: $1.5 million

The Nestlé Cocoa Plan Schools Project financed the construction or refurbishment of up to 40 schools with a

total of 120 classrooms in 40 communities in Côte d’Ivoire. The project included a number of support services

for the schools and communities, including a baseline educational assessment in each community that included

the incidence of child labor. Nestlé enhanced teaching effectiveness through training in pedagogy and

classroom management. Nestlé built 17 primary schools in Côte d'Ivoire and established school vegetable

gardens to serve as a source of revenue for items such as school repairs, equipment needs, and stipends for

volunteer teachers.

Barry Callebaut The Quality Partner Program Rural Schools & Community Learning Centers Project: $300,000

The Barry Callebaut program supported construction of a primary school in two cocoa growing communities in

Côte d’Ivoire. The project included construction of teacher housing, the drilling of a bore hole and water pump

on school premises, and the installation of solar panels for the school and teacher housing.

The Ferrero Cocoa Community Commitment: $1.142 million

Ferrero worked in conjunction with NPECLC to leverage existing non-governmental organization resources in the

field to expand a GCLMS to 162 communities. Additionally, village resource centers were built in eight

communities.

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A second Ferrero project established village resource centers and provided computers and internet connectivity

to help children develop information technology skills. Ferrero established community learning centers at local

schools.

Mars Incorporated: $2,713 million

The Mars programs were coordinated under the Mars Vision for Change Program, a holistic activity that

supported thriving rural cocoa communities in Côte d’Ivoire through the improvement of the livelihoods of

cocoa farmers and the reduction of child labor in farming families through raising awareness on child labor,

building community capacity, and working to increase the incomes of households with at risk children. Mars

created CPCs and developed community development plans in 57 communities.

ICI donation: $250,000

The eight companies provided $250,000 to help the ICI expand its work in new cocoa growing communities in

both Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

Industry Projects outside the auspices of the Framework of Action

In addition to projects funded as part of the Framework of Action commitment, industry supported a U.S.

Agency for International Development (USAID) public private partnership project and also established a

community development grant.

ECHOES 2007-2014

The Empowering Cocoa Households with Opportunities & Education (ECHOES) Alliance was a public-private

partnership between USAID and WCF cocoa and chocolate companies. ECHOES strengthened cocoa-growing

communities by expanding opportunities for youth and young adults through relevant educational programming

in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

ECHOES was among the first programs to integrate community capacity building, livelihoods, literacy, and basic

education activities as a way of strengthening the capacity of rural youth in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The

program built local educational capacity while simultaneously offering viable options for local economic

engagement. During its lifetime, the $10.5 million ECHOES grant managed to leverage $4.8 million in private

sector contributions to promote basic education and livelihoods skill development in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

Major accomplishments include the following:

• 189 SMC members were trained to manage WCF ECHOES activities and raise awareness of the WFCL.

• Eight (8) Women’s Groups were organized in Côte d’Ivoire.

• 36 schools were built in 36 communities in Côte d’Ivoire.

• Four (4) preschool classrooms and maternal resource centers were built in Côte d’Ivoire.

• 339 Ivorian community leaders (292 men and 47 women) were trained on minimal construction norms

and participated in school construction processes.

• 21 literacy centers were set up in Côte d’Ivoire and 15 adult literacy classes were set up in Ghana.

• 17 Agriculture Clubs were formed, and 32 School Demonstration Farms were set up in Côte d’Ivoire and

Ghana.

• 1,779 pupils participated in agriculture training in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

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Cocoa Community Development Fund 2012-2014

The WCF Cocoa Community Development Fund (CCDF) supported cocoa communities in Cote d’Ivoire by funding

community-identified projects and scientific research where WCF and WCF member-supported programs were

based. CCDF was made available through a $1 million private gift that was expanded via contributions from

WCF member companies over a two-year period. The CCDF provided grants in two areas that address root

causes of child labor:

• Community Challenge Grants: Community Challenge Grants provided small infrastructure and service

provision around community identified needs to address gaps that hindered livelihoods and education

development. Grant activities were based on community action plans and/or assessments.

• Cocoa Family Scholarships: Cocoa Family Scholarships expanded business opportunities for women in

Côte d’Ivoire. The scholarships were used to simultaneously support youth education and increase

retention probability from the primary to the secondary level while enhancing the mother’s income-

generation potential. Women scholars were selected based on a set of criteria so that the grant was

used to invest in an existing business while supporting children’s education and schooling. Scholars

were linked with a mentor to provide one-on-one guidance and training about basic business skills.

Industry-Funded Projects 2015-2019

CocoaAction

In May 2014, ten industry partners committed to support WCF’s CocoaAction program, an initiative to

coordinate the cocoa sustainability efforts of the industry. As part of its community development activities,

CocoaAction called on participating companies to support child labor monitoring, remediation, primary

education, and vocational training. The program sought to align its support for child labor reduction efforts with

community development plans and other programs supported by governments and donors.

Barry Callebaut; Blommer; Cargill; ECOM; Ferrero; The Hershey Company; Mars, Incorporated; Mondelēz

International; Nestlé and Olam supported the umbrella program whose goal was to train on good agricultural

practices and deliver improved planting material and fertilizer and empower communities through education,

child labor monitoring, and women’s empowerment.

Under a Community Development Package, WCF sought to implement activities to decrease the number of

children participating in hazardous child labor; increase the number of women in leadership positions in farmer

organizations and increase the percentage of school-age children regularly attending school.

CocoaAction community development activities covered three interrelated areas: child protection, education,

and women’s empowerment for a holistic approach to community development. The CocoaAction core

interventions related to child protection were:

• Raise awareness in community on child labor

• Form and/or train CPCs or other community-based structure or person

• Build and operationalize CLMRS

CocoaAction companies pledged to empower 1,200 communities through community development

interventions in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana by 2020.

In addition to the CocoaAction participants listed above, WCF members Cemoi, Ecom, Meiji, Morinaga,

Tachibana and Touton conducted activities in support of women’s empowerment and/or child protection.

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CocoaAction Community Development Data

By 2019, CocoaAction companies had completed 1,306 community needs assessments surpassing

CocoaAction’s target of 1,200 communities. Within those CocoaAction communities, elements of the

community development package were implemented in cooperation with the communities, local governments,

and civil society organizations through community action plans.

In communities in Côte d’Ivoire, the number of schools with equipment, infrastructure, and school materials

interventions have more than doubled in 2019, and also increased in Ghana. In both countries, support to their

SMCs has gone up, more than doubling in Ghana and increasing as well in Côte d’Ivoire. The percentage of

women involved in community organization structures has decreased slightly from the levels seen in 2018,

which had increased dramatically from 2017, especially in Côte d’Ivoire.

Community Development Details

Within the CocoaAction communities, the number of schools supported overall has increased from 196 in 2018

to 357 schools supported in 2019. While in 2018 the number of schools supported with teaching materials went

down, in 2019 the number of schools supported with teaching materials went up dramatically to 100 schools.

The number of schools supported with construction or rehabilitation, school feeding programs, school uniforms,

and “other” types of support have all increased in 2019 from those supported in 2018. Overall, the total

numbers of schools supported has continued to increase, along with support at all levels from larger

interventions such as school construction and rehabilitation to smaller interventions such as school uniforms.

The number of women in CocoaAction communities participating in Income Generating Activities activities

decreased slightly in 2019 from those participating in 2018, although the number of women reporting an

increase in income has increased. In 2019, a total of 14,114 women participated in IGA activities while in 2018 a

total of 14,929 women participated in IGA activities. However, in 2019 a total of 9,669 women reported

increased income as opposed to 6,872 in 2018. This reflects a continuation in focus in 2019 on women’s

empowerment activities, with 34% of women participating in community organizations / governance structures

in Côte d’Ivoire and 29% of women participating in community organizations / governance structures in Ghana.

WCF acknowledges that CocoaAction has not been able to collate and measure the numerous interventions and

progress made by so many individual companies, many of which are highlighted below.

Industry Social Development Interventions 2010-2020

USAID – Industry VSLA Project $2 million

Since April 2019, WCF members Barry Callebaut, Blommer, Cargill, Hershey, Mars, Mondelez, Nestle and Olam

have been partnering with USAID in support of VSLAs in Côte d’Ivoire. VSLAs are community-based women's

associations/organizations with an average of 20 members each. VSLA members regularly contribute to a

savings fund based on an unanimously agreed amount and, from the funds saved, grant each other loans,

contributing to improved access to income. The repayment of the loans is made with an interest rate that

increases the amount available in the fund. The partnership includes the creation of 101 new VSLAs consisting

of 2,507 members (2,190 female). Also, 32 mature VSLAs were linked to formal financial institutions between

October 2019 and March 2020. It is expected that 20,850 participants in an estimated 934 VSLAs in Côte

d’Ivoire will benefit from the program.

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

Projects Supporting Education, Child Protection, Child Survival and Living Income

In late 2019, fifteen chocolate and cocoa companies reported to WCF on a range of company social

development interventions from 2010-2019 in the areas of education; child protection, child survival and living

income support. Highlights include:

Education

School materials have been distributed to 19,888 children in Ghana and 61,044 children in Côte d’Ivoire.

Child Protection

145,540 households in Ghana and 168,572 households in Côte d’Ivoire were recipients of targeted child labor

and child protection awareness raising activities.

179,037 households in Ghana and 146,806 households in Côte d’Ivoire participated in supply chain-based CLMS.

163,525 individuals in Ghana and 61,109 individuals in Côte d’Ivoire received Gender & Women’s Empowerment

services.

Child Survival

883 communities in Ghana and 609 communities in Côte d’Ivoire benefited from Clean Water & Sanitation

projects.

559 communities in Ghana and 353 communities in Côte d’Ivoire participated in School Nutrition programs.

Living Income

56,894 households in Ghana and 35,105 households in Côte d’Ivoire received financial literacy training.

39,816 individuals in Ghana and 31,224 individuals in Côte d’Ivoire participated in Income Generating Activities.

Not every company measures progress in the same way. Therefore, where possible we have included links to

individual company programs to further an understanding of the breadth of the commitment of chocolate and

cocoa industry members.

Barry Callebaut: Forever Chocolate

aims to eradicate child labor from its cocoa supply chain through a

combination of cocoa farmer poverty alleviation, access to quality education and awareness raising. Goal: By

2025 eliminate child labor from the company’s supply chain.

Blommer Chocolate Company: Sustainable Origins

programs reach from West Africa to the Americas and

Indonesia. To date, 80,000 farmers participated in its sustainability programs. Per a 2012 commitment,

Blommer continues to provide solutions to its customers to enable them to achieve their sustainability goals as

well as Blommer’s own goals.

Cargill: The Cargill Cocoa Promise

the company’s commitment is to identify, prevent and end child labor in its

supply chain by 2025. This begins with ensuring that children are protected from the WFCL and their

consequences, as defined by the ILO. The challenges are complex: child labor is directly linked to rural poverty

and, in poor farming communities, children’s contribution on farms is often seen as a necessity. Cargill’s CLMRS

is at the center of a holistic approach to ending child labor.

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

Cémoi: Transparence Cacao Cémoi’s commitment to quality begins at the foundation: with its ingredients.

Alongside the company’s pursuit of the finest quality cacao products, Cémoi is also committed to sustainability

at every stage of its supply chain, and to creating prosperity and opportunity for farmers and their communities.

Ferrero: Ferrero is committed to supporting and improving cocoa farming sustainability through the

implementation of the Ferrero Farming Values Cocoa Program

. The program’s approach is based on three key

pillars: Certification, Institutional Engagement and Project Partnerships. Ferrero has committed to source 100%

certified cocoa beans by the end of 2020.

The Hershey Company: Hershey’s Cocoa for Good

strategy outlines the company’s plan for sustainable cocoa.

Hershey is investing half a billion dollars by 2030 to nourish children, elevate youth, build prosperous

communities, and preserve natural ecosystems. Through a comprehensive life skills and financial education

program, the company is enabling young people to become agents of change in their own neighborhoods.

Participants develop their own income-generating activities through training, coaching, and establishing savings

groups, which ultimately helps change their perception towards farming and working in cocoa supply.

Lindt & Sprüngli: The Lindt & Sprüngli Farming Program

with its farming program, Lindt & Sprüngli is committed

to improving the challenging living and working conditions of the farmers in Ghana and in all the countries

where the program has been introduced.

Mondelez: Cocoa Life’s

approach to eliminating child labor is three-pronged: it focuses on prevention,

monitoring and remediation, with a heavy emphasis on addressing the root causes of child labor.

Mars Wrigley: Sustainable in a Generation

protecting children and empowering women and communities are

pivotal to a thriving cocoa supply chain. Mars’ Strategic Approach to Protecting Children in Cocoa Farming

Communities sets out to identify, prevent and mitigate human rights issues — with a focus on child and forced

labor in its extended cocoa supply chain — through comprehensive human rights due diligence processes as well

as community-based investments that help tackle the root causes of these complex issues. Mars Wrigley is

backing up its Cocoa for Generations strategy with an investment of more than $1 billion over the next 10 years.

Morinaga: One Chocolate One Smile

this is a project that provides assistance in improving the educational

environments for children in cocoa producing countries using chocolate sales. The company’s partners, Plan

International Japan and ACE - Japan, used the donation money to improve the school and hygiene environment,

provide technology guidance to farmers, and to raise awareness of authority for children through education in

support areas.

Nestlé: Nestlé Cocoa Plan

real change cannot be brought about by one organization or company working in

isolation. Collaboration is needed. The partnership between Nestlé and the ICI is changing the way that the

cocoa industry tackles the issue of child labor. In 2012 Nestlé became the first company in the industry to

establish a comprehensive supply chain approach to child labor – the CLMRS.

Olam Group: Cocoa Compass

. Olam Cocoa has committed to set up dedicated CLMRS across 100 percent of its

direct sourcing areas. Olam:

• established 1,638 birth certificates for children who were at the risk of not being admitted to secondary

school as a result of lacking such documents.

• set up over 111 VSLAs that have saved nearly $155,000 in total and granted loans of a total value of

$63,482 and plans to set up another 165 in 2020.

• established CPCs in 33 areas that promote awareness of children’s needs.

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

In 2018/2019 the company identified 7,059 cases of child labor in the sustainability programs it runs with its

branded partners. 5,060 (72 percent) of cases have now either benefited or are currently benefiting from

remediation.

Touton

: The company’s first sustainability programs date back to the 1990s, when the company began working

on projects to increase cocoa farmers’ livelihoods around its own Société Agricole de l’Ouest plantation in Côte

d’Ivoire. Touton’s cocoa beans are now traceable all along the supply chain, from the origin to the consumer

allowing segregation of conventional and certified beans as well as better monitoring and understanding of the

communities of farmers with which Touton works.

III. ICI 2015-2019 Activities and Results

The ICI, established under the Protocol, works with the industry, governments, NGOs, and other development

partners to improve the lives of children in cocoa-growing communities and eliminate child labor. It supports

the acceleration and scale-up of child-centered community development and responsible supply-chain

management.

ICI’s 2015-2020 strategy has so far directly benefited 329,000 children, 232 communities and 194 farming

cooperatives.

Child Labor Monitoring and Remediation Systems

A core part of ICI’s 2015-20 strategy consists of working with the cocoa sector to embed responsible risk-

management within supply chains through CLMRS. These systems prevent, identify, monitor, and remediate

child labor cases and were developed and adapted for the cocoa sector by ICI in 2012. They are now being

implemented across the cocoa supply chain in West and Central Africa, protecting children and supporting

human rights due diligence. ICI estimates that these systems cover 15% of the cocoa supply chain in Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana.

Last year, working with eight partners, ICI’s CLMRS were active in 194 cooperatives, covering over

168,757 farmers across Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Cameroon. Since 2015, along with its partners, ICI has

positively impacted the lives of 215,746 children in cocoa communities through these systems.

ICI’s CLMRS – which blend monitoring, awareness raising, remediation and prevention activities – are estimated

to identify at least 60% of child labor cases in farmers’ cooperatives and can result in a reduction of hazardous

child labor by as much as 49% among those children. This demonstrates that CLMRS are having an important

impact.

But through experience ICI has also learned that the situation in cocoa communities is highly fluid. Among

children who stop working, around 23% may return to carrying out hazardous tasks at some point. This

underscores the necessity for continual monitoring of households, particularly to guard against relapse and to

ensure that harder to reach cases receive ongoing support. Repeated follow-up visits allow vulnerable

households where children continue to face the risk of child labor, to receive further targeted remediation.

Through the ongoing discussions to develop a new transformative multistakeholder partnership to address child

labor from 2020 onwards, some of ICI’s partners in the chocolate and cocoa industry have committed to expand

CLMRS to cover their entire supply chain. Such steps are necessary if the sector is to make greater progress in

reducing child labor. ICI is continuing to innovate and test adaptations to further increase the effectiveness of

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

such systems and reduce the costs of implementation, creating conducive conditions for the CLMRS to be

scaled up.

CLMRS Statistics

Supporting empowered communities to increase child protection and reduce child labor

Community development has been integral to ICI’s strategic approach for the past five years. Between 2015

and 2018, with the financial support of its members, ICI assisted 75 cocoa-growing communities in Côte d’Ivoire

and Ghana using ICI’s community development aapproach to create a more protective and enabling

environment for children. In 2019 the foundation commissioned an external evaluation and conducted

additional analysis to understand how effective the approach has been in reducing child labor and promoting

children’s rights.

Aanalysis of the impact of ICI’s community development program shows a significant reduction of child labor

over the course of the project by an average of 17% across 46 communities in Côte d’Ivoire, although the

reduction observed in Ghana was not statistically significant. The number of days and hours during which

children carried out hazardous tasks also fell in both countries. The external evaluation also showed significant

impacts in terms of improved access to quality education and community empowerment, when compared to

unassisted communities.

Key to ICI’s success were the CCPCs that were set up or strengthened within the assisted communities. These

groups supported the development of Community Action Plans and forged vital connections with local

government. Consequently, they were able to make their voices heard, receive visits from local government

officials, and lobby for further support. CPCs remained active in all the communities throughout ICI’s three-year

program.

In tandem, communities mobilized more funds than comparison communities to pursue specific development

projects and invest in children’s education. Throughout the project, community financial and in-kind

contributions to the implementation of their Action Plans more than doubled, from 15% to 33%, highlighting

increased ownership of the development process.

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

Access to quality education also increased in the 75 communities. Schools were constructed or renovated,

canteens were built, enabling school meal programs to be put in place, teachers’ accommodations were

erected, and school latrines were built to make school environments fit for learning. These actions saw

enrollment levels rise by 13%, increasing children’s time in the classroom and opportunities for formal learning.

Women also became empowered through a combination of literacy and numeracy classes, income-generating

activities, and savings groups. This meant that women’s autonomy, household incomes and self-esteem all

improved in assisted communities. The external evaluation revealed that these activities were valued highly by

community members.

Over the three-year period, ICI’s community development program has been shown to be effective in reducing

child labor. Assisted communities were empowered to put in place locally-managed child protection systems

and conduct numerous activities that contribute to their community’s overall development.

ICI’s impact on assisted communities (compared to control communities with no intervention)

In Côte d’Ivoire:

• Significant decrease in hazardous child

labour prevalence (by 17%)

• Significant increase in school enrolment (by

23%)

• Significant decrease in average number of

hours worked per day (by 26%)

• No significant decrease in average number

of days on which a child works per week

In Ghana:

• No statistically significant effect on

hazardous child labour prevalence

(although trend suggests a decrease)

• No statistically significant effect on school

enrolment (already high)

• Significant decrease in average number of

days on which a child works per week (by

35%)

Last year, ICI delved further into the link between education quality and child labor. This research found a

strong correlation between higher quality education and lower prevalence of child labor.

The study, covering 258 cocoa-growing communities, examined school access, infrastructure, services, and

school management. Several of these factors were associated with lower rates of child labor, including the

presence of school meal programs in Ghana, having trained SMCs in Côte d’Ivoire, and, in both countries, the

existence of school toilets.

On their own, most of these factors did not have a statistically significant association with child labor. But

combined, the link between child labor and quality education became stronger. Collecting these factors

together into a Quality Education Index, the communities with the highest quality of education score saw child

labor prevalence at 10%, or 66% lower than in the communities with the lowest quality of education score.

While quality education can positively impact a child’s development, livelihood and future prospects, there is

much less evidence about the causal link between education interventions and child labor. Many children

successfully combine school and work. This suggests that while activities to improve access to quality education

may play an important role, they are unlikely to address child labor on their own.

ICI has shared its findings on education and child labor with the cocoa sector and is using what it has learned in

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. ICI is also working to fill the existing knowledge gaps. ICI continues to support ongoing

research to identify which strategies are most effective in cocoa-growing communities, including through

ongoing pilot innovation projects. One of these pilots is examining the impact of several different interventions

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE & COCOA INDUSTRY

related to quality education: training on child protection, new teaching methodologies, renovation of

classrooms, construction of school toilets, and school playgrounds.

IV. Future Commitments

Child labor has no place in the cocoa supply chain. Governments, industry, civil society, and cocoa-growing

communities now need a more transformative approach. This approach will scale up existing programs, recruit

more allies and organizations to the cause, and accelerate initiatives that fight poverty as the root cause of child

labor in cocoa.

Companies and the governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana now know more about what works – and are

scaling up these efforts for impact.

To protect children, companies are working with the governments to increase the coverage of

Child Labor

Monitoring & Remediation Systems to 100% by 2025 from about 20% in 2019 in cocoa-growing communities in

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

To ensure access to quality education, companies are investing $25 million by 2025 in a new education fund in

Côte d’Ivoire, led by the Jacobs Foundation, and developed in close consultation with government and industry

that will reach 5 million children.

To help raise farmers out of poverty, companies have implemented the new Living Income Differential pricing

policy of Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana in 2020/21 that will provide an estimated $1.2 billion in additional revenues

for cocoa farmers on top of official market prices.

To boost household incomes and yields, companies will reach 100% coverage by 2025 of all farmers in their

direct supply chain with training, coaching, or farm development plans on good agricultural practices.

Companies are already ramping up their investments to fight child labor. This supports the implementation of

the strong national action plans recently approved by Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana to eliminate child labor. In 2019,

companies invested $65 million in a wide range of social development activities to address child labor, covering

child protection, education, community development, income diversification for vulnerable households, and

other child survival activities – about five times higher than what was spent a year in 2001-18.

Companies are working on a more transformative approach that includes more ambitious partnerships and

collaboration. Companies alone cannot solve the problem – we are committed to launching a new public-

private partnership with the producing and consuming governments, UN agencies, farmer groups, and civil

society organization to tackle the root causes of child labor, which is heavily associated with poverty. Only by

taking this more direct and comprehensive approach can we ensure today’s generation of children reach their

full potential and have a chance at the bright future they deserve.

V. Conclusions

Ending child labor is a challenge for all stakeholders in the cocoa supply chain. In partnership with producing

governments, cocoa consuming countries, international development partners, civil society organizations, and

other stakeholders, the global chocolate and cocoa industry is committed to support and implement long-term

solutions that will help safeguard children in the cocoa-growing communities of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

APPENDIX 1: DECLARATION

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK

Framework of Action to Support Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol

The following is a Framework of Action for efforts aimed at a significant reduction in the worst forms of child

labor in cocoa producing areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The Framework is intended to support the further

implementation and realization of the goals of the Harkin-Engel Protocol.

1. Purpose: The overarching goal of the Framework is:

By 2020, the worst forms of child labor as defined by ILO Convention 182 in the cocoa sectors of Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana will be reduced by 70 percent in aggregate through joint efforts by key stakeholders

to provide and support remediation services for children removed from the worst forms of child labor,

including education and vocational training, protective measures to address issues of occupational safety

and health related to cocoa production, and livelihood services for the households of children in cocoa

growing communities; the establishment and implementation of a credible and transparent sector-wide

monitoring system across cocoa growing regions in the two countries; and the promotion of respect for

core labor standards.

To reach this overarching goal, the Framework will support the development of thriving cocoa

communities fostering safe, healthy, and productive environments for children and families through

coordinated support for new or expanded initiatives in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana in the following areas:

a. Removal of children from the worst forms of child labor, including hazardous labor, in cocoa growing

areas and provision of appropriate remediation services, including education or vocational training;

or in the case of children/youth of legal working age, removal of workplace hazards and other steps

necessary to bring labor conditions into conformity with national laws and international labor

standards;

b. Prevention of children’s involvement in the worst forms of child labor, including through increased

access to schooling and vocational training and improvement in the quality and relevance of

education;

c. Promotion of sustainable livelihoods for the households of children in cocoa growing areas;

d. Establishment and implementation of community-based CLMS in cocoa growing areas, linked to the

provision of remediation for children identified as engaged in the worst forms of child labor; and

For the purpose of this document, remediation services are defined as removing children from hazardous or exploitative labor through the

provision of direct services. This includes education and livelihood services, protective measures to address issues of occupational safety and

health related to cocoa production, and social protection services for trafficking victims. Education services may take the form of formal or

non-formal education and vocational training. Livelihood services improve the ability of the family to care for the child and protect the child

from the WFCL. By providing protective measures to address issues of occupational safety and health related to cocoa production, youth of

legal working age who are engaged in hazardous labor could be withdrawn by transitioning them into safe, acceptable work that is in

conformity with both national laws and international labor standards. Children who are victims of trafficking may need to receive social

protection services, including rehabilitation and repatriation services.

For the purpose of this document, livelihood is defined as a means of living and the capabilities, assets, and activities required for it. A

livelihood encompasses income, as well as social institutions, gender relations, and property rights required to support and sustain a certain

standard of living. It also includes access to and benefits derived from social and public services provided by the state, such as education,

health services, and other infrastructure. In turn, sustainable livelihood programs seek to create long-lasting solutions to poverty by

empowering their target population and addressing their overall well-being. (http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADR399.pdf)

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK

e. Continuation of nationally representative child labor surveys, recurring at least every 5 years.

Nationally representative baseline data is established as the most recent data coming out of the

2008-2009 Tulane field surveys. The next nationally representative surveys in both countries will be

in the field during the 2013-2014 harvest season, with a report made in 2014, and again in the field

in 2018-2019, with a report in 2019. These surveys will provide comparable data for ongoing

assessment of child labor prevalence in cocoa growing areas and a commitment to make publicly

available the related survey methodologies, all raw data, and reports based on the findings of such

surveys. In addition to such nationally representative surveys, efforts should also be made to

incorporate a child labor component into existing national household surveys to support efforts to

combat the worst forms of child labor nationally in each country.

2. Key Stakeholders: Stakeholders under this Framework are defined as follows:

a. Cocoa growing communities: This group includes children in cocoa growing areas and the

households of these children where efforts to promote sustainable livelihoods will address root

causes of child labor.

b. Producer Governments: This group includes the national, district, and local government agencies of

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

c. International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry: This group includes companies participating in this

Framework which are engaged in the growing of cocoa, processing of cocoa, and/or production and

sale of its derivative products.

d. Foreign Donors: This group includes the U.S. Government (the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S.

Department of State, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and key Congressional

Offices—Senator Tom Harkin and Representative Eliot Engel). Other donor entities, such as the

European Union and other international donors, are encouraged to fund projects that will support

the goals of this Framework.

e. Social Partners and Civil Society: This group includes employer and worker organizations, NGOs,

and community-based organizations in both Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, as well the international

counterparts of these groups.

f. Implementing Organizations (including International Organizations and other NGOs): This group

includes among others, the ILO-IPEC, the ICI, the WCF, and other organizations possessing expertise

related to the initiatives under this Framework and whose projects or other inputs are integrated

and supportive of achievement of the Framework’s goals.

3. Financial Partners: The key stakeholders defined above include a subset of partners, including the U.S.

Government and the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry, that have committed to provide new

financial support for new or expanded interventions to achieve a significant and sustainable reduction in

the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa sector of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and whose actions are

supportive of achievement of this Framework’s goals. This subset also includes the Governments of

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, who will transparently communicate their financial and human resource

commitments under this Framework to the CLCCG and its Principals. (See Section 6.)

It is further noted that the group of financial partners may be expanded over the life of the Framework

to include other partners, such as other private sector entities, NGOs or international organizations. In

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK

order to ensure that new initiatives are supportive of the Framework’s goals, proposals for new partners

and their programs will be subject to review by the CLCCG and its Principals.

4. Roles, Responsibilities and Commitments under this Framework: This framework considers the roles,

responsibilities and contributions of financial partners as noted below:

a. Producer Governments: The Producer Governments play critical roles in planning, implementing

and monitoring progress toward achievement of their respective national plans that are the

foundation for reducing the worst forms of child labor. The Producer Governments must ensure

coherence between project efforts under this Framework and the national plans for the purposes of

national and local ownership and sustainability. Producer Governments also will ensure adequate

human, financial, and organizational (e.g., decision making and internal advocacy) resource capacity

in appropriate government agencies, as well as working in partnership with financial partners and

other key stakeholders, to provide the following services:

o Data collection and monitoring at the community and national level through supporting a

nation-wide, community-based CLMS and by developing, funding and conducting nationally

representative surveys as described in this Framework;

o Remediation for the children removed from the worst forms of child labor through the provision

of education, vocational training, and by increased support for programs to improve livelihoods

for the households of children in cocoa growing communities;

o Prevention of other children from involvement in the worst forms of child labor in cocoa

growing communities through the provision of education, vocational training, and increased

support for programs to improve livelihoods for the households of children in cocoa growing

communities;

o Development of physical and social infrastructure, including roads, wells and schools in cocoa

growing areas; and

o Enforcement of laws intended to protect children from the worst forms of child labor.

b. International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry: The Harkin-Engel Protocol and accompanying Joint

Statements of 2005 and 2008 serve as a commitment by the representatives of the International

Chocolate and Cocoa Industry to carry out the industry’s responsibilities to ensure that cocoa beans

and their derivative products are grown and processed in a manner compliant with internationally-

recognized standards on child labor. Specifically, in the Joint Statement of 2008, the International

Chocolate and Cocoa Industry committed itself to “continue to support efforts to eliminate the

worst forms of child labor and forced adult labor on cocoa farms and to help cocoa farmers, their

families and communities by continuing to work with the national governments to ensure that the

certification process, including remediation and verification are fully implemented.” It is further

noted in the Joint Statement of 2008 that the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry will work

with the governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana to have a sector-wide certification process “fully

in place across each country’s cocoa growing sector.”

Within this Framework of Action, the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry, in partnership

with financial partners and other key stakeholders, will:

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK

o Continue to support data collection and monitoring at the community and national level

through a credible community-based CLMS.

o Through relevant local institutions and stakeholders, support the provision of appropriate

remediation services for children based on the CLMS data, national survey data, and other

credible sources of information, with the goal of protecting children from the worst forms of

child labor in the cocoa growing areas of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire.

o Provide sustainable livelihoods for the households of children in cocoa growing communities in

order to protect children from the worst forms of child labor and ensure thriving cocoa

communities.

o Provide technical advice to assist in the refinement and implementation of the ILO-IPEC project

referenced as: “Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities through an Integrated

Area Based Approach.”

o Strive to ensure their cocoa supply chains use safe and responsible labor practices, including

combating the worst forms of child labor. Individual companies will inform their employees who

buy or sell cocoa and its derivative products of the relevant ILO Conventions, the International

Cocoa Agreement, relevant labor legislation in the two countries, the Harkin-Engel Protocol and

the Framework of Action.

Reflecting their commitment to the production of cocoa and its derivative products without the

involvement of the worst forms of child labor, and as an immediate pledge, the International

Chocolate and Cocoa Industry is committing $7 million to further the goals of the Harkin-Engel

Protocol and the Framework of Action, of which $2 million will support an ILO-IPEC Public-Private

Partnership and $5 million that includes the expansion of significant current industry work on cocoa

which has demonstrated the value of partnerships of this nature. This funding will be spread out

over a five-year period, and the amount and timing of outlays will be discussed during CLCCG

consultations. The Industry is making a further pledge to explore the possibility of committing an

additional $3 million for remediation activities that further these goals.

c. U.S. Department of Labor: The U.S. Department of Labor will play an active role as a donor

supporting projects that reduce the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa sector in West Africa,

committing $10 million in 2010 for a new, multi-year program to be implemented by ILO-IPEC that

supports the efforts described in this Framework. The U.S. Department of Labor will continue to

report on progress being made to address the goals of the Harkin-Engel Protocol and the goals and

objectives of this Framework, with a specific emphasis on the progress made by the ILO in the

program noted here. As a donor, the U.S. Department of Labor will have substantial involvement in

the design and development of the project and will work in partnership with financial partners and

other key stakeholders.

5. Benefits: By promoting improved coordination and more integrated planning, implementation, and

assessment of interventions, this Framework offers a number of important benefits:

a. For cocoa growing communities, this approach can lead to thriving cocoa communities fostering

safe, healthy, and productive environments for children and families.

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK

b. For Producer Governments, the approach helps to focus and coordinate assistance on meeting

national goals related to the elimination of the worst forms of child labor, provision of universal

basic education, poverty reduction, and employment creation. National capacity will be built in data

collection, including nationally representative surveys; monitoring, including CLMS; impact

assessment; and remediation.

c. For Financial Partners, the Framework offers a coordinated approach that will help maximize impact

in target areas. Moreover, by demonstrating an effective model of cooperation, the Framework can

serve as a platform for attracting increased funding from other donors, including other chocolate

and cocoa companies, other manufacturers who purchase or use cocoa, chocolate and their

derivative ingredients, and other international agencies with an interest in tackling the worst forms

of child labor.

d. For the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry, the Framework provides an integrated

approach to enable the sustainable supply of cocoa in a manner consistent with the commitments

made under the Harkin-Engel Protocol.

e. For social partners and civil society, the Framework provides opportunities for the involvement of

social partners and civil society in dialogue on how best to support sustainable change.

f. For all stakeholders, the Framework provides mechanisms for promoting greater transparency and

accountability for all parties.

6. Governance: In order to meet the objectives of this Framework, the participants will operate within a

well designed and articulated structure of governance.

a. Within the context of governance, it is noted that there is a significant difference between “key

stakeholders” (those with an interest in the issue) and “financial partners” (those assuming a direct

responsibility for the management and ultimate success of the Framework of Action). The

development of governance structures will include mechanisms for stakeholders to be informed of

and to comment on the governance structures, while reserving direct and strategic decision making

to the financial partners.

b. The CLCCG will serve as the initial coordination and steering group for the implementation of this

Framework. The CLCCG is currently composed of (1) Principals representing the U.S. Department of

Labor, the Harkin and Engel offices, the Governments of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, and the

International Chocolate and Cocoa industry and (2) a larger working group of representatives from

these organizations. It is envisaged that the CLCCG could be

7. Monitoring of Progress: Progress under the Framework will be monitored as follows:

a. The nationally-representative surveys on child labor in cocoa will provide standardized information

about the situation of the worst forms of child labor in cocoa in each country and be used to

measure progress on reducing the number of children in the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa

sectors of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

b. The CLCCG, in consultation with technical experts, will discuss and come to agreement on a

monitoring and evaluation design for use by all participants in this Framework.

APPENDIX 2: FRAMEWORK

c. The CLCCG, in consultation with technical experts, will discuss and come to agreement on a set of

common indicators that clearly track interim progress towards the goal of a 70 percent reduction in

the worst forms of child labor in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, and other key parameters that will be

reported on a regular basis.

d. In the periods between the national surveys, information from the CLMS will provide ongoing

information on the child labor situation in specific communities.

e. Individual projects launched under the Framework will measure progress towards the specific goals

of the project, report on an appropriate subset of common indicators, and include transparent

impact evaluations. Where feasible, the integration of randomized control trials or other rigorous

evaluation methods will be used to identify interventions that are both effective and cost efficient

so that they may be promoted for future replication and scaling-up.

f. A series of milestones, or performance goals, will be developed to assess the progress being made

to significantly reduce the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa sector of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

The benchmarks will be unique for each country and will be based on the commitments of specific

action on an annual basis.

g. A process evaluation of the Framework itself will be conducted two years after implementation of

the Framework begins, and an annual review will be carried out every twelve months subsequently.

8. Timeline to Launch the Framework

a. A Meeting of Principals will be held on September 13 to issue a Declaration of Joint Action, including

this Framework, and a joint public and media announcement will be made.

b. The Principals will deposit copies of key national plans (in the case of the Governments of Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana), identify Framework points of contact, and agree on a schedule of meetings (the

next to be held by December 31, 2010) to begin implementing this Framework.

c. Meetings of the CLCCG will be held in Washington, DC and in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana on a rotating

basis. These meetings will be organized around concrete agendas to address program design,

financing, governance, and other matters necessary to fully implement this Framework.

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

By-laws for Governance

of the Child Labor Cocoa Coordinating Group (CLCCG)

October 24, 2011

I. Purpose of the CLCCG

Recalling that the Framework of Action to Support Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol is

working to achieve the overarching goal:

By 2020, the worst forms of child labor as defined by ILO Convention 182 in the cocoa sectors of Côte

d’Ivoire and Ghana will be reduced by 70 percent in aggregate through joint efforts by key stakeholders

to provide and support remediation services for children removed from the worst forms of child labor,

including education and vocational training, protective measures to address issues of occupational safety

and health related to cocoa production, and livelihood services for the households of children in cocoa

growing communities; the establishment and implementation of a credible and transparent sector-wide

monitoring system across cocoa growing regions in the two countries; and the promotion of respect for

core labor standards.

And that in order to reach this overarching goal, the Framework will support the development of thriving

cocoa communities fostering safe, healthy, and productive environments for children and families

through coordinated support for new or expanded initiatives in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.

The purpose of the CLCCG is to support the effective implementation of the Framework of Action and

the Joint Declaration to Support Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol in Ghana.

II. Areas of Activity and Responsibility

The CLCCG, with input from the Ivorian and Ghanaian NSCs on Child Labor and technical experts as

appropriate, is responsible for the following:

1. Assessing areas of need for additional action, taking into consideration the following priority factors:

a. The nature, extent and geographical location of the WFCL in cocoa growing areas;

b. Past, current and planned efforts to combat the WFCL, to promote education and training

opportunities and sustainable livelihoods for households, and to establish and implement

child labor monitoring systems in both countries; and

c. Existing gaps in current interventions or programming as identified through consultation

of CLCCG members and other implementing institutions.

2. Assessing and prioritizing new investments to address these areas of need.

3. Determining, based on an established criteria,

whether funding for new or increases to existing

activities or programs in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, as proposed by the International Chocolate and

Cocoa Industry (Industry) shall be assessed:

See Attachment 1: Criteria for Assessing whether New Programming Should Count Toward Industry Commitment.

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

a. As new resources committed by Industry under the Declaration signed on September 13,

2010;

b. As supportive of the overall goals or certain elements of the Framework, but not part of

Industry’s commitment of new resources under the Declaration signed on September 13,

2010; or

c. As not related to the overall Framework and therefore not part of Industry’s monetary

commitment under the Framework.

4. Encouraging and contributing to coordination across projects that come under the Framework,

ensuring that projects under the Framework are linked to relevant national plans; and fostering

coordination, to the extent possible, with projects that fall outside of the Framework but also have

the potential to contribute towards the achievements of its goal. The CLCCG may develop a

coordination mechanism to facilitate this effort.

5. Establishing credible milestones for measuring commitment and progress toward the achievement

of the overarching goal of the Declaration and its accompanying Framework. The benchmarks will

be unique for each country and will be based on the commitments of specific action on an annual

basis.

6. Establishing in consultation with technical experts, including the ILO, a common set of indicators.

These indicators will enable the CLCCG to both monitor specific types of interventions and track

interim progress towards the Framework’s overarching goal. This will include indicators for at least

the following types of interventions:

a. Remediation services for children under the age of 18 years withdrawn from the Worst

Forms of Child Labor (as defined under ILO 182);

b. Sustainable education and training services provided to children under the age of 18

years as a means of preventing their involvement in the Worst Forms of Child Labor;

c. Efforts that raise awareness or provide ongoing sensitization, including for communities,

on the WFCL;

d. Efforts to promote the development, implementation, and sustainability of the Child

Labor Monitoring Systems in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana;

e. Supporting efforts to address workplace hazards and improve workplace safety in a

sustainable manner; and

f. Sustainable livelihood services provided to households of children under the age of 18

years with the intent of supporting the withdrawal or prevention of children from

involvement in the WFCL. Such livelihood services may include support for improvement

in household income, provision of social protection services, or improvement of

community infrastructure that either reduces reliance on the labor of children or

supports a potential opportunity for increased income of the aforementioned

households.

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

7. Monitoring progress being made toward achieving milestones.

8. Monitoring and assessing the effectiveness and impact of programs implemented under the

Framework to combat the WFCL. The CLCCG will review progress reports from projects included

under the Framework and may provide feedback as appropriate.

9. Convening an annual briefing to inform representatives of civil society and other key stakeholders

about the status of efforts under the Framework.

III. CLCCG Membership

1. The membership of the CLCCG shall serve without remuneration, fees or honorariums.

2. The CLCCG shall consist of the two types of Members: Principals and Working Group Members. The

CLCCG shall also recognize Key Stakeholders. (See Section III, 2, C)

a. The Principals of the CLCCG shall consist of the Minister responsible for Labor for the

Governments of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, and, at a minimum, the following entities:

1. The Secretary of Labor for the U.S. Department of Labor;

2. Senator Tom Harkin;

3. Congressman Eliot Engel; and

4. A representative of the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry.

b. A Principal may designate a representative to act on their behalf, including for decision-making

purposes.

c. Working Group Members shall conduct the day-to-day business of the CLCCG, engaging in

discussions that lead to decisions by the Principals. Working Group Members shall be made up

of representatives of Financial Partners as defined within the Framework. Each Working Group

entity may include up to 7 members in its delegation, consisting of those parties necessary for it

to consistently and effectively engage in the day-to-day business of the CLCCG, with the

membership of each delegation determined by its Principal.

3. Point of Contact: Each of the aforementioned CLCCG entities shall designate a Point of Contact (POC)

for efforts under the Framework. If any entity changes its designated POC, it must send the name

and contact information to the Secretariat. See Section IV(3).

a. The POC will be available to coordinate with the Secretariat on matters related to the CLCCG, the

Declaration and the Framework.

b. The POC will update the Principals and other CLCCG Working Group Members on relevant

initiatives and maintain official records of relevant CLCCG documents, including notes of

previous meetings and shared foundation documents, including the national plans of action

against the worst forms of child labor.

c. In order to inform the CLCCG’s discussion of areas outlined in Section II(1), the POC shall be

responsible for conveying pertinent information and assessments to the CLCCG.

4. Decisions concerning the inclusion of additional entities on CLCCG must be approved by a

consensus of the Principals of the CLCCG as outlined in section 2.a. above. In order to consider a

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

motion to expand the CLCCG, the entity offering a new organization for membership must provide

the name and relevant background information about the proposed new entity(s) to each Principal

of the CLCCG at least 30 calendar days prior to a scheduled meeting. All Principals of the CLCCG

must have the opportunity to provide their feedback on the proposal before consensus can be

reached.

IV. Structure of the CLCCG

1. Meetings of the CLCCG will be chaired by a representative of the host government when the

meeting takes place in Côte d’Ivoire or Ghana. Other meetings will be chaired on a rotating basis by

the other Principals of the CLCCG or as otherwise determined by the members.

2. The host for a given meeting shall be responsible for providing interpretation services as needed and

a venue for the meeting. Each entity of the CLCCG is responsible for its own expenses, such as

travel, accommodation and per diem, if applicable.

3. The CLCCG may also decide to select one of the Financial Partners to serve as a Secretariat to

facilitate operations and regular meetings. The Secretariat would serve a term of one year, unless

extended by an agreement reached through consensus of the Principals and have the following

responsibilities:

a. The Secretariat shall work with the Chair to facilitate a given meeting, including reviewing

summary notes from the preceding meeting, reviewing the meeting agenda, monitoring time

and movement of the group through a given agenda.

b. In the absence of the Chair, the Principals may appoint from among the membership a person to

assume duties of the chair.

c. The Secretariat shall be responsible for developing and maintaining summary notes of the

meetings and distributing copies of summary notes to CLCCG members.

d. The Secretariat shall seek input from members to determine the date, time and agenda for

meetings.

V. Meetings

1. CLCCG Working Group Members shall hold regular meetings, in person or via video conference or

teleconference, on at least a quarterly basis.

2. Meetings where attendance in person is preferred will be hosted on a rotating basis in the United

States, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana or in another mutually agreed upon location.

3. Special meetings or teleconference calls of either the Principals or the Working Group Members may

be held at any time as determined necessary by the Principals or the Working Group Members.

4. The Secretariat shall distribute meeting agendas at least 10 calendar days prior to a scheduled

quarterly meeting or 3 calendar days prior to interim meetings should such meetings be determined

as necessary by the members. Issues which require decisions will be clearly noted in the agenda.

5. Translations and maintenance of documents are the responsibility of each entity. The function of

maintaining relevant records is the role of the POC for each entity.

6. For meetings of the principals or working group that make decisions regarding CLCCG Areas of

Activity and Responsibility (Section II) in either Côte d’Ivoire or Ghana, a representative of that

government at the appropriate level must be present.

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

VI. Committees and Technical Meetings

1. The Principals of the CLCCG may appoint standing and ad hoc committees as needed and include

outside experts as warranted. The role of such committees and ad hoc experts shall be advisory in

nature and shall not be a constraint or a mandate on the Principals of the CLCCG.

2. The Principals and/or Working Group Members of the CLCCG may request meetings on technical

matters that include outside experts. Principals of the CLCCG will seek to reach consensus on such

meeting requests, with clarity on meeting objectives. In the case that consensus can not be reached

at least 2/3s of Principals must agree for a meeting to be held. Such meetings shall be organized and

may include outside experts to discuss methods for evaluation of project interventions which may

include discussions of emerging methodologies or assessing impact on hard-to-reach populations.

VII. Decision-making

1. The CLCCG will endeavor to be a consensus-based group. In the event that a consensus on a

particular issue cannot be reached within the allotted time scheduled for discussions on the matter,

a vote may be called for.

2. If a vote is called for, the following will apply:

a. Passage of a motion requires a 2/3 vote of the Principals of the CLCCG.

b. Any Principal of the CLCCG who is unable to attend a meeting in person or participate in a

conference call may designate another Principal of the CLCCG to serve as their proxy. To do

so, they need to inform the Secretariat and all other Principals of the CLCCG prior to the

meeting. Given that all entities will have 10 calendar days notice of an issue coming before

the CLCCG for consideration at a quarterly meeting or 3 calendar days notice prior to interim

meetings, it is the responsibility of each entity to ensure that they can attend meetings or

designate a proxy. If the appropriate notice has been given and a Principal fails to attend a

meeting or designate a proxy, the group may choose to consider an issue in the absence of

the Principal.

c. Determinations by the CLCCG on whether to consider individual investments or proposed

investments in programming as part of the new resources committed by the International

Chocolate and Cocoa Industry under the Declaration must be based on a decision of the

Principals as described for in this section.

VIII. Conflict of Interest

Any member of the CLCCG who has a financial, personal, or official interest in, or conflict (or

appearance of a conflict) with any matter pending before the CLCCG, of such nature that it prevents or

may prevent that member from acting on the matter in an impartial manner, must offer to voluntarily

excuse him/herself and refrain from participating in the discussion and voting on said item.

IX. Confidential Treatment of Business Proprietary Information

CLCCG Principals and Working Group Members must comply with applicable national laws governing

the release of confidential information. The CLCCG will establish procedures to protect the

confidentiality of any business proprietary information presented or discussed during the course of its

activities. CLCCG members shall not retain copies of business proprietary information that they may

have reviewed, nor disclose proprietary information to any person. Notwithstanding the foregoing

sentence, CLCCG Principals and Working Group members may discuss such information with their

immediate project team, provided that the project team adheres to the same restrictions concerning

proprietary information.

X. Communications

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

The CLCCG will establish communication procedures regarding the public dissemination of information

related to the work of the CLCCG, including, but not limited to, criteria utilized in program evaluation,

statements regarding progress toward agreed upon milestones, distribution of meeting summaries and

decisions taken by the CLCCG.

XI. Amendments

These by-laws may be amended by a consensus of the Principals of the CLCCG at any meeting (in

person or via telephone/teleconference), provided that each Principal of the CLCCG is present and is

provided a copy of the proposed amendment(s) at least 10 calendar days prior to said meeting.

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

ATTACHMENT 1

Criteria for Assessing whether New Programming Should Count Toward Industry Commitment

Funding committed to the ILO-IPEC Program, as specified in the Framework of Action which accompanies the

signed Declaration, is considered to be within the Framework and does not require further review described in

this section. Notwithstanding, the ILO-IPEC Program should provide its final project document to the CLCCG,

indicating how it will promote a coordinated strategy for combating the WFCL in cocoa growing areas.

Before any determination may be made by the CLCCG on whether to consider individual company investments in

company specific projects or investments made by companies in support of relevant Trade Association or

Foundation programming as part of the new resources committed to by the International Chocolate and Cocoa

Industry under the Declaration, the following criteria must be met:

1. As a general principle, given funding commitments must not have been undertaken prior to

the signing of the Declaration on September 13, 2010. However, each company working

within the Framework of Action will be given the opportunity to discuss specific

circumstances of programming that were planned after discussion began on the Concept

Paper issued by USDOL in June 2010. A company must have notified the CLCCG of its intent

to bring it forward such a proposal by December 31, 2010. The CLCCG will review such

projects intended to be implemented under the Framework and issue a determination on

whether such projects meet the timing exception.

2. The funding must represent an increase in industry’s overall commitment for a given

program; and

3. The funding must represent an increase in a given company’s commitment over the previous

calendar year’s baseline funding of the identified program.

Once the factors above have been confirmed, the CLCCG shall use the following questions to help guide their

determination as to whether an individual investment or proposed investment in programming will be

considered part of the new resources committed to by the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry under the

Declaration:

1. Would a proposed new program or a proposed new investment in an ongoing program support the goals

outlined in the Framework, including promoting a coordinated strategy for combating the WFCL in cocoa

growing areas? This should be demonstrated by addressing at least the following for one or more of the

identified categories:

a. For livelihood, education, and social protection projects: Would the given program target the

withdrawal from, or prevention of, children in the WFCL?

b. For livelihood, education, and social protection projects: Would the program target households

of working children or children at risk of the WFCL?

c. For livelihood, education, and social protection projects: Would the program direct resources to

remediation for households of children withdrawn from the WFCL, including as a result of CLMS

referral efforts?

APPENDIX 3: BY-LAWS

d. For capacity building projects: Would the program work with the relevant Government agencies

and ILO to promote implementation of the CLMS in cocoa-growing areas?

e. Would the program direct resources to raise awareness or provide sensitization on the worst

forms of child labor, including for social partners?

f. For infrastructure projects: Would the program direct resources for infrastructure

improvements, which would improve the situation of children so as to promote access to

schooling or otherwise contribute to the reduction of the worst forms of child labor?

g. For education projects: Would the program assess impact on children in terms of educational

participation and work status?

h. For livelihood projects: Would the program assess impact on children’s households in terms of

income and sustainable livelihoods?

2. Would a given program target specific gaps in current services and support relevant national plans in the

country where the interventions would take place?

3. Would a given program prioritize target areas to consider one or all of the following:

a. based on areas of greatest need for remediation of children in WFCL? (For example, areas

selected based on the results of surveys or information collected by the GCLMS or child

protection committees.)

b. based on support national plans that will contribute to a reduction of the WFCL in cocoa growing

areas?

c. in a way that supports the coordinated approach to combating the WFCL in cocoa growing areas

outlined in the Framework?

4. Would a given program be sustainable?

5. Would the project promote and sustain good practices linked to reducing the worst forms of child labor,

including by the assessment of impact and the scaling-up of efforts?

6. Would a given program seek to coordinate with other efforts under the Framework (including the

relevant IPEC projects: (1) Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in West Africa and Strengthening

Sub-Regional Cooperation through ECOWAS; (2) Towards Child Labour Free Cocoa Growing Communities

through an Integrated Area Based Approach; and (3) the designated Industry-IPEC Private-Public

Partnership Program) in order to leverage resources and enhance short term and long term impact of

these efforts?

7. Would a given program be willing to work with the CLCCG to incorporate common indicators into its

monitoring, evaluation and reporting framework?

8. Would a given program make available to the CLCCG and the public information, on funds allocated for

the project, project target areas, regular progress reports, updates on funding expenditures, and

evaluation reports?