Interventions for Vicarious Trauma – ABC’s: Awareness, Balance, and
Connection (ACA)
Individual Level:
▪ Monitor yourself – eat well, rest, and exercise
▪ Self-care – seek balance, engage in outside activities
▪ Set professional and personal boundaries
▪ Take advantage of professional development opportunities
▪ Utilize viable, evidence-based treatments for vicarious trauma/secondary traumatic stress
that focus on changes in cognitive processes
Organizational/Social Level:
▪ Reduce system causes of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout such
as workload and exposure to challenging cases
▪ Provide critical incidents debriefing
▪ Work with area Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) to identify areas of improvement
such as in-service trainings on self-care or counseling
▪ Provide sabbaticals, professional education, community service, and public speaking
opportunities
▪ Provide a Psychologist Peer Advocate – a specially-trained therapist to assist with cognitive
changes resulting from vicarious trauma
Further Reading and References
▪
American Counseling Association (n.d.). Fact Sheet #9: Vicarious trauma. Downloaded 4/20/16
http://www.wendtcenter.org
Chamberlain, J., and Miller, M. K. (2008). Stress in the courtroom: Call for research. Psychiatry,
Psychology, and Law, 15, 237-250.
Edelwich, J., and Brodsky, A. (1980). Burnout: States of disillusionment in the helping professions.
NY: Human Resources Press.
Figley, C. R. (1982). Traumatization and comfort: Close relationships may be hazardous to your
health. Keynote presentation, Lubbock TX.
Figley, C. R. (1996). Compassion fatigue as a secondary traumatic stress disorder: An overview. In
Figley, C. R. (Ed.), Compassion fatigue. NY: Brunner/Mazel.
Folette, V. M., Polusny, M. M., and Milbeck, K. (1994). Mental health and law enforcement
professioals: Tauma history, psychological symptoms, and impact of providing services to child
sexual abuse survivors. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25, 275-282.
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 159-165.
Jaffe, P. G., Crooks, C. V., Dunford-Jackson, B. L., and Town, M. (2003). Vicarious trauma in
judges: The personal challenge of dispensing justice. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, Fall, 1-9.
Maslach, C. (1982). Understanding burnout: Definitional issues in analyzing a complex phenomenon.
In W. S. Paine (Ed.), Job stress and burnout: Research, theory and intervention perspectives.
Beverly Hills CA: Sage, Inc.