Designation: F2388 − 15 F2388 − 16
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use
1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing tables
identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involved collapse,
falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.
In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts to
minimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from changing tables, (2) failure of structural
or mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure. This
specification also contains requirements for warnings and instructional materials directed to parents or
caregivers.
1. Scope
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promote
the safe use of baby changing tables and other changing products such as contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that
are sold separately for use on furniture products other than changing tables.
1.2 This specification covers products sold for domestic use for children up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).
1.3 Changing tables and other changing products sold separately, such as contoured changing pads and add-on changing units
shall meet all applicable performance and labeling requirements.
1.4 No changing table, contoured changing pad, or add-on changing unit produced after the approval date of this specification
shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all applicable requirements
contained herein, before, and after all testing.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion in Section
7 of this specification. This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to
use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
2.2 Federal Regulations:
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16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:
1
This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18
on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015July 1, 2016. Published May 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
F2388 – 09.F2388 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/F2388-15.10.1520/F2388-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Washington, D.C. 20207, website: www.cpsc.gov.
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for
Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age Which
Present Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 add-on changing unit, n—a rigid addition to or separate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture that provides
a changing surface or barriers, or both, to prevent the infant from rolling off the product when a diaper is being changed.
3.1.2 barrier, n—any component of the contoured changing pad, add-on changing unit, or changing table intended to prevent
a child from rolling or falling off the changing surface.
3.1.3 changing pad, n—a flat or contoured pad specifically designed for the purpose of changing the diaper of a child with a
body weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface. The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.
3.1.4 changing surface, n—the surface that is in direct contact with the child when the changing table, changing pad, or add-on
changing unit is in the manufacturer’s recommended use position.
3.1.5 changing table, n—an elevated, freestanding structure generally designed to support and retain a child with a body weight
of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal position for the purpose of allowing a caregiver to change the child’s diaper. Changing tables
may convert from or to other items of furniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, hutch, bookshelf, or play yard, may
have pull-out or drop-down changing surfaces, and may provide storage for diapers and diaper products.
3.1.6 conspicuous, adj—label that, when the changing table, changing pad, or add-on changing unit is in a manufacturer’s
recommended use position, is visible to a person standing in front of the table in a position normally associated with the task of
changing a child’s diaper.
3.1.7 contoured changing pad, n—a changing pad designed for use on an elevated surface which incorporates barriers to prevent
a child from rolling off the changing surface.
3.1.8 double action release mechanism, n—a release mechanism that requires either two consecutive actions, the first of which
must be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action locking mechanisms that must
be activated simultaneously to fully release.
3.1.9 manufacturer’s recommended use position(s), n—any position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptable
configuration for the use of the product as a diaper changer by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This
specifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not
recommended.
3.1.10 non-paper label, n—any label (material such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools, or
tears leaving a sharp defined edge.
3.1.11 paper label, n—any label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.
3.1.12 self-folding steps, n—steps which must be held open by an adult caregiver that, when released, fold away and latch
automatically into their normally closed position.
3.1.13 support surface, n—a surface to which a changing pad or add-on changing unit may be mounted according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
4. Calibration and Standardization
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, which may be covered with
1
⁄
8
-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,
unless test instructs differently.
4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completely assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions,
including any pad supplied by the manufacturer or pad the manufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changing table.
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.
4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room with ambient temperature of 73 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 1 h prior
to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.
4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.
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5. General Requirements
5.1 Sharp Points and Edges—There shall be no hazardous sharp points or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16
CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this specification.
5.2 Small Parts—There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to
this specification.
5.3 Surface Coatings—The paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.
5.4 Wood Parts—Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.
5.5 Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)
thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are
between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited in
depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see
Fig. 1). The product shall be evaluated
in all manufacturer’s use positions.
5.6 Changing tables or add-on changing units intended to be attached to a non-full-size crib/play yard shall conform to the
requirements of this specification and Consumer Safety Specification
F406 when attached in the manufacturer’s recommended use
position.
5.7 Toys—Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with a changing table, contoured changing pad, or an add-on
changing unit, as well as their means of attachment, must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification
F963.
FIG. 1 Opening Examples
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6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Protective Components—If a child can grasp protective components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as
caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.
(1.00-mm) gap between the protective component and its adjacent parent component, such protective component shall not be
removed when tested in accordance with
7.1.
6.2 Structural Integrity—When tested in accordance with 7.2, there shall be no breakage of the unit, nor shall it fail to conform
with any other requirements in this specification before and after all testing.
NOTE 1—Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt from this requirement.
FIG. 2 Tension Test Clamp
FIG. 3 Stability Test
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6.3 Stability—When tested in accordance with 7.3, the unit shall not tip over.
NOTE 2—Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt from this requirement.
6.4 Barriers:
6.4.1 Each changing table, contoured changing pad, or add-on changing unit shall include barriers as an integral part of the
product.
6.4.2 For changing tables with a flat changing surface, barriers shall be provided around all sides of the changing surface.
6.4.3 Changing tables and add-on changing units with a contoured changing pad and contoured changing pads sold separately
shall have barriers on the two opposing long sides.
6.4.4 When tested in accordance with
7.4, barriers shall prevent the test cylinder from falling from the changing surface and
shall not break or fail to conform with the requirements of Section 5.
FIG. 4 Barrier Retention Test
FIG. 5 Torso Probe
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6.5 Retention of Contoured Changing Pads and Add-on Changing Units—This requirement applies to contoured changing pads
and other add-on changing units sold with or independent of a changing table.
NOTE 3—Non-full-size cribs/play yards are exempt from this requirement, as they must comply with the retention and opening/entrapment requirements
specified in Consumer Safety Specification
F406, “Entrapment in Attachments” Section.
6.5.1 When tested in accordance with
7.4, a contoured changing pad or add-on changing unit shall not shift or slide more than
1 in. (25 mm) in any direction from its original position.
6.5.1.1 If tabs or straps are provided to secure the contoured changing pad, when tested in accordance with
7.4, the pad shall
not shift or slide more than 1 in. (25 mm) in a direction opposite from the edge containing attachment tabs or straps.
6.6 Entrapment in Enclosed Openings—When tested in accordance with
7.5, there shall be no completely bounded openings
(openings surrounded by a boundary on all sides) anywhere in the structure of a changing table that isare accessible to the occupant
or a child around the base of the unit and that permitspermit the free passage of the torso probe shown in Fig. 5 unless they also
permit the free passage of the 9.0-in. (229-mm) diameter probe shown in Fig. 6. Exempt from this requirement are self-folding
steps when in their open position.
6.7 Entrapment by Shelves—When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.6, any shelf above 4.3 in. (109 mm) from the
floor that, because its movement may expose an opening that could entrap a child’s head, shall not permit the entire passage of
the small head probe shown in
Fig. 7 through the exposed opening. Excluded from this requirement are pullout drawers and shelves
enclosed within a cabinet equipped with a door(s).
FIG. 6 Large Head Probe
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