Microsoft Word - Getting Started with SQLite.docx

Getting Started with SQLite

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AuthoredbyWarrenMansur.

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Table of Contents

Introduction..............................................................................................................................3

SQLite Overview......................................................................................................................3

Supported Platforms..............................................................................................................3

Downloading and Installing DB Browser for SQLite...................................................4

Step 1: Downloading DB Browser for SQLite...........................................................4

Step 2: Installing DB Browser for SQLite..................................................................5

Creating Your First Table....................................................................................................10

Step 1: Launching DB Browser for SQLite..............................................................10

Step 2: Create a New Database.................................................................................11

Step 3: Adding a Table..................................................................................................16

Downloading the JDBC Driver..........................................................................................20

Connecting to your Database in Eclipse....................................................................... 22

Step 1: Creating a New Project..................................................................................22

Step 2: Adding the JDBC Driver.................................................................................23

Step 3: Inserting Rows.................................................................................................. 29

Connecting to your Database in IntelliJ........................................................................32

Step 1: Creating a New Project..................................................................................32

Step 2: Adding the JDBC Driver.................................................................................35

Step 3: Inserting Rows.................................................................................................. 38

Next Steps...............................................................................................................................41

Appendix A: Source Code..................................................................................................42

Works Cited.............................................................................................................................43

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Introduction

ThisSQLitegettingstartedguideisusedbystudentsenrolledintheMasterofScienceinSoftwareDevelopmentand

otherComputerScienceDepartmentprogramsinbothon‐campusandonlineprograms.Thedocumentdescribes

SQLite,connectingtoSQLiteinEclipseandIntelliJ,andworkingwithyourfirsttable.Notethatasnewversionsof

SQLitearereleased,someofthescreensmaylookdifferentthanthescreenshotsinthisdocument.Nevertheless,

thisguidewillhelpgetyoustartedquicklyonanymodernversionofversionofSQLServerExpress.

Whyislearningaboutdatabasesimportant?Mostseriousapplicationshavetheneedfordurablestorage,thatis,

storinginformationforanextendedperiodoftime.Whilestoringinformationinfilessatisfiestheneedsforsome

applications,manyrequireuseofadatabase.Databasessupportfoursignificantfeaturesnotsupportedwellbyfile

systems–efficientdataaccessamongstlargesetsofdata,extremelygranularsecurity,highlystandardized,cross‐

platformAPIs,andstructuralindependence.Databasessupportretrievinginformationquickly,oftentimeslessthan

asecond,fromvastamountsofdata.Databasessupportsecurityevendowntoindividualfieldsinanextensible

manner.DatabaseshavehighlystandardizedAPIsforcross‐platformaccess.Lastly,applicationsthatusedatabases

arenotdependentuponanyparticularfilesystemorfilestructure.Databasesprovidefeaturesneededbymany

seriousapplications.

Relationaldatabasesarebyfarthemostuseddatabasesintheworld.Estimatesputworldwideusageatabout77%

relational,and23%NoSQL/Search(SolidIT).Whendatamustbesharedacrossmanyclientsand/orserversofan

application,server‐baseddatabasesareutilized,themostpopularbeingOracle,SQLServer,MySQL,andPostgres

(SolidIT).Whendatadoesnotneedtobesharedortheneedforsharingisverylimited,embeddeddatabasescan

beutilized,themostpopularbyfarbeingSQLite(SolidIT).

Ifyoucan’tdeterminehowtoproceedorsomethinggoeswrong,andwebsearchesdon’thelp,askyourfacilitator

orinstructorforhelp.Goodluck,andhavefun!

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SQLite Overview

SQLiteisthemostused,embedded(serverless)relationaldatabaseintheworld.Itisopensourceandfreetouse.

Unlikeserver‐baseddatabaseslikeOracleandSQLServer,SQLiterunsentirelyintheapplicationthatusesit,and

storesallofitsdurableobjectsinasinglediskfile.SQLitecanbeusedacrossallmajorplatforms,whichmeansthe

databasefilecanbefreelycopiedandusedacrossdeviceswithdifferencearchitectures.SQLiteisidealfor

applicationsthatwouldtraditionallyusefilestostoredata,givingthemaccesstothepowerofarelationaldatabase

withouttheexpenseandoverheadofinstallingandmaintainingaserver‐baseddatabase(SQLite).

AlthoughSQLiteisnotareplacementforOracle,SQLServer,orPostgres,thegoodnewsis,onceyoulearntoaccess

anduseanyonemodernrelationaldatabase,youcanusetheotherswithoutmuchadditionaleffort.Allmodern

relationaldatabasesutilizetheStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)fordataaccessandmanipulation.SQLishighly

standardizedacrossdatabases.Althoughtherearesomedifferences,thesignificantaspectsarethesameacross

databases.Inaddition,JavasupportsastandardizedAPI,JDBC,foraccessinganydatabase.ConnectivityfromJava

doesnotdiffermuchbetweendatabases.ThusSQLiteisanexcellentfirstdatabaseforJavadevelopers,becausethe

intricaciesofrelationaldatabasesandconnectivitycanbelearnedwithouttheoverheadofdatabaseinstallation,yet

SQLiteisusedinseriousapplicationsworldwide.



Supported Platforms

SQLitesupportsallmajorplatforms.IfyouareusingWindows,aMac,Linux,anAndroidphone,aniPhone,andsome

otheroperatingsystems,youcanuseSQLite.Forthesakeofbrevity,theexamplesandscreenshotsinthisdocument

arefortheMicrosoftWindowsfamily,includingWindows8andWindows10.However,pleasekeepinmindyoucan

followthesamestepsforotheroperatingsystems;yourscreensmaylookalittledifferent,butalmostallofthe

stepsarethesame.

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Downloading and Installing DB Browser for SQLite

Itisabestpracticetomanageyourdatabase’sstructurewithaSQLclient.Typically,weuseaSQLclienttofirstadd

thetables,indexes,andtriggers(ifneeded),aswellasanyinitialdata.Thenwhenourapplicationexecutes,itwill

add,modify,andremovedataasneeded,butnotmodifythestructureofthetablesandindexes.Byseparating

structuremanipulationfromdatamanipulation,wecancarefullyapplygooddatabasedesignprinciples,andavoid

embeddingtablestructureinourapplication.

ApopularSQLclientforSQLiteisDBBrowserforSQLite.Thissectionhasyouinstalltheclientanduseittocreatean

initialtable.

Step 1: Downloading DB Browser for SQLite

Visit Website

Gotohttps://sqlitebrowser.org/dl/togetstarteddownloadingDBBrowserforSQLite.The

websiteisregularlyupdated,sowhatyouseemaybedifferentthanthefollowing.



Download

Clickthe“Standardinstallerfor64‐bitWindows”undertheWindows

downloadstostartthedownload.Ifyouareusingadifferentoperating

system,downloadtheappropriateinstaller.

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Step 2: Installing DB Browser for SQLite

Execute

Installer

Yourbrowserwillnowgiveyoutheoptiontoruntheexecutableit

downloaded.Goaheadandrunit.You’llseeascreenlikethefollowing.



License

Agreement

AfterclickingtheNextbutton,theinstallerwillaskyoutoacceptthelicenseagreement.



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

Select DB

Browser

Options

AfterclickingtheNextbutton,you’llbeaskedwhatyouwouldliketoinstall.Selectboth

the“Desktop”and“ProgramMenu”optionsunder“DBBrowser(SQLite)”.



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Defaults

AfterclickingtheNextbutton,you’llbeaskedifyou’dliketochangeany

installoptions.Youdon’tneedtochangeanythingonthisscreen.







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Start the

Install

AfterclickingtheNextbutton,you’llbepresentedwithascreenthatasks

youtoinstall.Goaheadandclickthe“Install”button.







You’llseeaprogressscreenfirst.



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Thenyou’llseeascreenindicatingtheinstallwassuccessful.



GoaheadandclicktheFinishbutton.Congratulations!DBBrowserforSQLiteisinstalled

onyourmachine.



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Creating Your First Table

Togetyoustarted,we’llwalkyouthroughcreatingyourfirsttableinthissection.Thetablewillbenamed“Person”

andwillstorebasicinformationaboutpeople.Inalatersectionwe’llhaveyouconnecttoyourdatabaseandstart

workingwithdatainthetable.

Step 1: Launching DB Browser for SQLite

Launch from

Windows

YoucanlaunchDBBrowserforSQLitefromWindows,eitherfromtheStartMenu,or

fromtheshortcutonthedesktop,asshowninthebelowscreenshots.



StartMenu



Desktop



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Step 2: Create a New Database

ThefirstthingyouneedtodoafterlaunchingtheapplicationiscreateaSQLitedatabase,whichwillhousethetables

andotherobjectsyouwanttoworkwith.



Click New

Database

Togetstarted,clickthe“NewDatabase”buttoninthetopleft,asshownbelow.



Determine

Path

Nowyouneedtochooseafolderandfilename.Itmaybenecessarytocreateafolderto

keepthedatabaseinaplaceyoucanremember.

Inourexample,wehavecreated“C:\SQLite”asthefolder,becauseitisacommon

locationthatiseasytoremember.Laterwhenyou’redevelopingwithinthecontextof

yourapplication,youmightchoosetosaveyourdatabaseaspartofyourJavaproject.In

therealworld,thedatabaseiscommonlysavedinitsownsubdirectoryinasourcecode

repositoryfortheproject.

Weentered“GettingStarted.db”asthefilename.The“GettingStarted”namehelpsus

knowit’sforthisgettingstartedtutorial.The“.db”fileextensionisoneoftheaccepted

extensionsforSQLitefiles.Thereareafewotheracceptedextensionsaswell;however,

“.db”appearstobethemostcommon.

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Thisisshowninthescreenshotbelow.



Close Table

Definition

Screen

Immediatelyafterclickingthe“Save”buttontocreatethedatabase,awindowpopsup

thatletsusdefinetablesusingawizard.



Simplyclosethiswindow,aswewillbetypinginSQLdirectly.



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Select

Execute SQL

Tab

WewanttotypetheCREATETABLEcommandinSQL,soweneedtoclickonthe

“ExecuteSQL”tabfirst,asshownbelow.



Create Table

Next,wetypethecommandtocreatethetable.Typethiscommandexactly:



CREATE TABLE Person (

person_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,

first_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,

last_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,

birth_date DATE NOT NULL);



Thisisshownbelow.



Thiscommandcreatesatablenamed“Person”withaperson_idautoincrementingfield,

firstandlastnamefields,andabirthdatefield.



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Nextclickthe“Executeall/selectedSQL”button,whichlookslike .Afteryouhavedone

so,amessagewillappearstatingthatthetablehasbeencreated.Thisisallshown

below.



Youcanseethatyourpersontablewassuccessfullycreated!

Save Changes

Inordertosavethechangestothedatabasefile,youneedtoclickthe“WriteChanges”

button,asshownbelow.



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Onceyouhavedoneso,thebuttonwillgrayout,indicatingthereisnothingmoreto

save.



Youcandetermineifanychangesneedtobesavedbylookingatthesebuttonstoseeif

theyareclickable,orgrayedout.



Database

Ready for

Application

Congratulations!You’vecreatedaSQLitedatabaseandaddedatabletoit.Thedatabase

isnowreadyforanapplicationtoconnecttoitandworkwithpersondata,whichwe’ll

dointhenextsection.



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Step 3: Adding a Table

Close Table

Definition

Screen

Immediatelyafterclickingthe“Save”buttontocreatethedatabase,awindowpopsup

thatletsusdefinetablesusingawizard.



Simplyclosethiswindow,aswewillbetypinginSQLdirectly.



Select

Execute SQL

Tab

WewanttotypetheCREATETABLEcommandinSQL,soweneedtoclickonthe

“ExecuteSQL”tabfirst,asshownbelow.



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Create Table

Next,wetypethecommandtocreatethetable.Typethiscommandexactly:



CREATE TABLE Person (

person_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,

first_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,

last_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,

birth_date DATE NOT NULL);



Thisisshownbelow.



Thiscommandcreatesatablenamed“Person”withaperson_idautoincrementingfield,

firstandlastnamefields,andabirthdatefield.



Page18of43

Nextclickthe“Executeall/selectedSQL”button,whichlookslike .Afteryouhavedone

so,amessagewillappearstatingthatthetablehasbeencreated.Thisisallshown

below.



Youcanseethatyourpersontablewassuccessfullycreated!



Save Changes

Inordertosavethechangestothedatabasefile,youneedtoclickthe“WriteChanges”

button,asshownbelow.



Page19of43

Onceyouhavedoneso,thebuttonwillgrayout,indicatingthereisnothingmoreto

save.



Youcandetermineifanychangesneedtobesavedbylookingatthesebuttonstoseeif

theyareclickable,orgrayedout.



Database

Ready for

Application

Congratulations!You’vecreatedaSQLitedatabaseandaddedatabletoit.Thedatabase

isnowreadyforanapplicationtoconnecttoitandworkwithpersondata,whichwe’ll

dointhenextsection.



Page20of43

Downloading the JDBC Driver

Withyourdatabasesetup,thenextstepistodownloadtheSQLiteJDBCdriversothatitcanbeimportedintoyour

Eclipse,IntelliJ,orotherIDEproject.JavarequirestheJDBCdrivertoaccessthedatabase.



Visit the

Website

Togetstarted,visithttps://github.com/xerial/sqlite‐jdbc/releases.Youwillseealistofdrivers

there,similartothebelowscreenshot.



Page21of43

Download

Driver

Tostartthedownload,clickonthelinkfortheJarfileforthemostrecentversionavailable.You

don’tneedthesourcefiles,justthejarfile.AnexampleJarfilelinkisshownbelow.



Onceclicked,yourbrowserwillaskyouwhereyou’dliketosavethefile.Makesuretosavethe

driverinadirectoryyoucanremember,becauseinalatersectionwewillbrowsetothe

directorytousethedriverinourIDE.

Intheexamplebelow,itissavedintotheC:\SQLite\Driverdirectory,onesubdirectorybelow

wherethedatabaseitselfisstored.



Oncedownloaded,youaresettoimportitintoEclipse,IntelliJ,oryourotherIDE,andmay

continuewiththenextsectionthatappliestoyou.



Page22of43

Connecting to your Database in Eclipse

WiththedatabasesetupandtheJDBCdriverdownloaded,thenextstepistousethedatabaseinyourJavacode.To

getyoustartedwithSQLite,wewillexploreconnectingtoyourdatabase,addingdataintothealreadycreated

Persontable,andqueryingthePersontable.

ThissectionillustrateshowtodosoinEclipse.IfyouareusingIntelliJ,youmayskipthissectionandproceedwith

thenextsectiontitled“ConnectingtoyourDatabaseinIntelliJ”.

Step 1: Creating a New Project

Identify

Project

YoucancreateanewJavaprojectwhichwillbeusedtotestyourdatabaseconnection.Or,if

youalreadyhaveaproject,youcanusethatandskiptoStep2.Thefirststepistoinitiate

creationwithFile/New/JavaProject,asshownbelow.



Name Project

Wenameourproject“Database”sincewewillbetestingoutusingourdatabase.



Oncethenameisgiven,clickthe“Finish”button.



Page23of43

NowourprojectshowsupunderPackageExplorer.



Step 2: Adding the JDBC Driver

Add JDBC

Driver Jar

RightclickonyourprojectinPackageExplorer,thenclickonBuildPath/AddLibraries...



Page24of43

Select“UserLibrary”andclickNext.



Clickthe“UserLibraries...”button.



Page25of43

Click“New...”.



Giveitaname.Hereweusethename“Database”.



Page26of43

Click“AddExternalJar...”.



BrowsetothelocationoftheJarfileyouextractedandselectthefile.Wehadputitinto

C:\SQLite\Driverbelow.



Onceyou’veselectedtheJar,youshouldseesomethinglikethis,showingthattheSQLite

JDBCjarhasbeenaddedtothelibrary.



Page27of43



Click“ApplyandClose”toapplywhatyouhavedone.



Onthenextscreen,makesurethe“Database”userlibraryisselected,andclickthe

“Finish”button.



Page28of43



InPackageExplorer,youwillnowseethattheSQLitejarhasbeenaddedtoyourproject.



Notethatinthisprocessweaddedan“External”jarbecausethejarresidedina

directoryoutsideofourprojectdirectory.YoucouldalsocopytheJarintoyourprojectif

you’dlikeanduseitasaninternaljar.Itwillworkeitherway.

Inreal‐worldsituations,someorganizationshaveacommonJardirectorycheckedintoa

repositorythatcanbesharedbymanyprojects,justlikewehavedoneherewiththe

C:\SQLite\Driverdirectory.SomeorganizationsputtheJarsintoeachproject.Yetother

organizationsusearobustJarmanagementtoolsuchasIvy,whichstorestheJarsona

server,andareretrieveddynamicallybythebuildprocess.Theimportanttakeawayhere

isthattheSQLitejarmustbeincludedinyourproject,whereveritmaybelocated.



Page29of43

Step 3: Inserting Rows

Create Class

NowyoucreateaJavaclassthatconnectstoyourdatabase,insertstworows,thenqueriesthose

rows,outputtingtheresultstothescreen.Theentireclassisbelow.



First,let’sstartwithahigh‐levelsummary.Themainmethodopensaconnection,andpassesitto

aninsertmethodandquerymethod,respectively.Theinsertmethodinsertstworowsintothe

Persontable.Thequerymethodretrievesthoserowsandprintsthemoutinatabularformat.

Althoughtherearemanylines,weexplaineachlineinturn.Notethatwedonotdescribethe

linessequentially;rather,wedescribethemintermsofprogramflow(whichstartsinthemain

method).

Line1 Weputthisclassintoa“database”package.

Line2 Weimportthejava.sqlpackagebecausewemakeuseofmanyofitsclasses.

Line32 Westartthemainmethodbydefiningtheconnectionstringforourdatabase.

The“jdbc:sqlite”portioninstructstheJDBCAPItousetheSQLitedriverwe

includedinourproject,asopposedtosomeotherdriversuchasOracleorSQL

Server,the“C:/SQLite/GettingStarted.db”portioninstructstheSQLiteJDBC

driverastowhatfiletoopen.Sincewehadsavedourdatabasefileto

Page30of43

C:\SQLite\GettingStarted.db,wespecifythatintheconnectionstring.Although

thestringmaylookterse,theinformationinitiseasilyunderstandable.

Line33 Thisopenstheconnectiontoourdatabase,insideofatry/withblockwhichwill

automaticallycloseit.Inordertoworkwiththedatabaseinourapplication,a

connectionmustbeopentothedatabase.

Line35 Thisinvokesourinsertmethodwhichwillinserttherowsintoourdatabase.

Line6 Insidetheinsertmethod,thisisanexampleofSQLembeddedintoour

application.ThisINSERTINTOcommandisusedastheinstructiontoinsertarow

intothePersontable.The“(first_name,last_name,birth_date)”portion

describeswhichcolumnsweareinsertinginto,andtheorderwhichwespecify

them.Inthiscase,weareinsertingintothefirst_name,last_name,and

birth_datecolumns,respectively.Notethatbecauseperson_idisan

autoincrementingfield,wedon’tspecifythathere.Thedatabasewill

automaticallyassignitavalue.The“VALUES(?,?,?)”portionindicatesthatwe

areinsertingparameterizedvalues,asopposedtohardcodingvalues.Weusethe

“?”toindicatethatwearenothardcodinganyvalue,butcanchangethevalueat

runtime.

Line7 WeinstantiateaPreparedStatement,whichisneededtoexecutethe

parameterizedSQL.BypassingtheSQLstringasanargument,wehavetoldthe

JDBCdriverwhichSQLcommandwewantittoexecute.Weputthisinstantiation

insideoftry/withblocksothatitwillbeclosedautomatically.

Lines8‐10 Herewedefinewhattheparameters(definedbythe“?”intheSQLstring)arein

turn.Thefirstparameteris“Bob”correspondingtothefirst_namecolumn,the

secondparameteris“Smith”,correspondingtothelast_namecolumn,andthe

thirdparameteris1/13/1976,correspondingtothebirth_datecolumn.

Line11 ThisinstructstheJDBCdrivertoexecutethepreparedstatementwiththegiven

parameters.Withtheparametersset,itwillbeexecutingthiscommand(butstill

usingparametersbehindthescenes):

INSERT INTO Person(first_name, last_name, birth_date)

VALUES (‘Bob’, ‘Smith’, ‘1/13/1976’)



Lines13‐16 Followingsimilarlogictolines8‐11,theselinesinsertanewrowwithfirst_name

=“Jane”,last_name=“Elizabeth”,andbirth_date=“3/15/1979”.

Line35 Thisinvokesourquerymethodwhichwillretrieveanddisplaytherowswehave

inserted.

Line21 Insidethequerymethod,thisSQLstringistoselectallfourcolumnsfromthe

Persontable,inthisorder–person_id,first_name,last_name,birth_date.

Lines22‐23 Astatementiscreatedonline22withtheconn.createStatement()method,and

online23thequery(previouslydefinedonline21)isexecutedwiththe

stmt.executeQuery()method.ThisreturnsanobjectoftypeResultSet,whichhas

allrowsandcolumnsfromtheresults.Thesearecreatedwithinatry/withblock

sothattheyareautomaticallyclosed.

Line24 Thiswhileloopusesthers.next()methodtoiteratethrougheachrow.Aslongas

thereisanotherrowintheresultset,thenext()methodwillreturntrue.

Page31of43

Lines25‐26 Thisprintsouttheresultsofthequeryinatabularformat.Notethatthe

ResultSetclassprovidesmethodssuchasgetString(),getDate(),andgetInt(),to

retrievethespecificfieldsinarow.Thecorrectmethodmustbeusedforthe

correctdatatype.Forexample,getInt()mustbeusedforperson_idsinceitisan

integer,andgetDate()mustbeusedforbirth_datesinceitisadate.Thefirst

argumentofthesemethodsisthecolumnnumber.Forexample,thegetInt()call

specifies“1”asthecolumnnumbersinceperson_idisqueriedfirst.The

getDate()callspecifies“4”asthecolumnnumberisbirth_dateisqueriedlast.



NOTE:ThesourcecodeisavailableinAppendixAsothatyoumaycopyandpasteasneeded.



Run Class

Withtheclassdefined,wecannowrunitwiththeRun/Runmenucommand.



Aftertheclassexecutes,youseetheoutputasbelow.



Noticethattheperson_idautoincrementcolumnstartsat1andincrementsupwardsby1.

FurthernoticethatBobSmithbornon1/13/1976islistedfirst,followedbyJaneElizabethbornon

3/15/1979.

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Connecting to your Database in IntelliJ

WiththedatabasesetupandtheJDBCdriverdownloaded,thenextstepistousethedatabaseinyourJavacode.To

getyoustartedwithSQLite,wewillexploreconnectingtoyourdatabase,addingdataintothealreadycreated

Persontable,andqueryingthePersontable.

ThissectionillustrateshowtodosoinIntelliJ.IfyouareusingEclipse,youmayskipthissectionandproceedwith

thepriorsectiontitled“ConnectingtoyourDatabaseinEclipse”.

Step 1: Creating a New Project

Create a

Project

Clickthe“CreateNewProject”optiontogetstartedcreatingyourproject.

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Choose

Project Type

Yournextstepistochoosethe“Java”projecttype.Thereareothertypesofprojectsyoucan

create,butatypicalprojectisaJavaprojectwhichallowsyoutypeJavacodeandexecuteit.

TheJavaprojecttypeisselectedbydefault,sojustclicktheNextbuttonto

continue.



Template

Defaults

Next,thescreenpromptsyoutodecidewhetheryou’recreatingyourprojectfroma

templateornot.Wearecreatingaprojectfromscratch(whichistypical),soleavethe

“Createfromprojecttemplate”checkboxuncheckedandclicktheNextbutton.

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Name Project

Wenameourproject“Database”sincewewillbetestingoutusingourdatabase.



Oncethenameisgiven,clickthe“Finish”button.



NowourprojectshowsupintheProjectwindow.

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Step 2: Adding the JDBC Driver

Add JDBC

Driver Jar

StartbyaccessingtheFile/ProjectStructuremenuoption.



Onthenewwindowthatappears,clickontheModuleoption,thentheDependencies

tab,asshownbelow.

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Thenclickontheplussign, ,thenclickon“JARsordirectories”,asshownbelow.



Fromthere,selectthedriverthatwasdownloadedintheC:\SQLite\Driverdirectory,and

clicktheOKbutton.



You’llnowseethejarfileincluded.ClicktheOKbuttontocloseoutoftheProject

Structurewindow.

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

UndertheExternalLibrariesontheProjectwindow,you’llseethejaraswell.